污水处理流程中用泵综述

介绍了我国污水处理厂各种污水处理现状和未来奋斗目标,概述了城市污水处理厂工艺流程处理单元及其用泵情况,列举了三个不同类型城市污水处理厂用泵实例。对于研究、了解和采用污水处理厂各种用泵提供了一些有价值的资料。     

六叶片差速泵工作原理及设计理论的研究

提出了六叶片差速泵的工作原理。这种新型容积泵 ,主要由非圆齿轮驱动系统 (有两个同轴安装的偏心圆齿轮分别与两个近似三角形的非圆齿轮啮合 )、泵壳及同轴安装于泵壳内的两个叶轮组成。它利用非圆齿轮传动驱动两个叶轮周期性不等速转动使两个叶轮上的相邻叶片周期性张开、闭合来实现密闭容积变化进而完成排液及吸液过程。本文研究了该泵的工作原理、驱动系统中非圆齿轮节曲线以及配液孔的设计方法 ,并提出了解决困液及叶片干涉问题的可行方案。     

高速泵的研究现状

为了深入研究高速泵的结构优化、水力性能与运行稳定性,本文综述了高速泵的研究现状。高速泵的研究主要采用了试验研究、理论分析和数值模拟的方法。文内总结了高速泵的主要研究内容:高速泵结构的优化选型,高速泵内部流场的研究,汽蚀性能的研究以及高速泵工作稳定性的研究,并对高速泵的发展作了展望,提出了今后高速泵的主要研究趋势。     

泵的四象限特性试验研究

泵的四象限特性试验是指泵的全特性曲线试验,试验参数涉及到直角坐标的四个象限。本研究通过试验装置的确定、试验方法的研究等,依据试验数据进行分析得出泵的全特性曲线,展示泵的四象限特性。     

四叶片差速泵的理论研究

提出了一种新型容积泵——四叶片差速泵,它主要由非圆齿轮驱动系统、泵壳及同轴安装于泵壳内的两个叶轮组成,利用不等速转动的两个叶轮叶片之间周期性张开、闭合来实现密闭容积变化进而完成排液及吸液过程,其两叶轮的张合运动分别由两对非圆齿轮驱动实现。研究了该泵的工作原理、驱动系统中非圆齿轮节曲线以及配液孔的设计方法,并提出了解决困液及叶片干涉问题的可行方案。     

泵空化现象的研究综述

介绍了空化现象发生的主要原因以及空化与空蚀对泵水力机械性能的影响,分析了影响泵空化性能的因素,阐述了对泵的空化现象的研究方法与空化监测,最后从4个方面介绍了为防止泵发生空化现象而相应采取的措施。     

核主泵四象限特性试验研究

针对自主研发百万千瓦级核电主泵项目,本研究以经过模化缩比后的百万千瓦级核电主泵的模型泵为对象,搭建专设台架,开展泵正常工况、水轮机工况、耗能工况、卡轴工况、飞逸工况下的流动特性试验。首先得到了1500r/min额定转速下的四象限特性曲线,进而掌握了其扬程、扭矩在不同流量工况下的变化规律,之后对1050 r/min、600r/min和150 r/min 3个非额定转速下泵的各运行工况开展试验研究,将4个转速下的试验结果经过无量纲处理,最终得到了既适用于模型泵又适用于原型泵的同源曲线,上述试验结果为后续核主泵设计的深入研究及一回路安全分析提供了数据支撑。     

疏浚工程挖泥船耐磨泥泵材料的研究进展

随着工程应用上对耐磨泥泵材料的性能要求越来越高,国内很多研究人员对耐磨泥泵材料进行了大量的研究工作,并取得了良好效果。综述了近些年国内研究人员在耐磨泥泵材料方面做的工作,介绍了A23耐磨泥泵材料、高铬铸铁耐磨泥泵材料、高碳低合金耐磨泥泵材料、奥一贝球铁泥泵材料在工艺研究上的发展,并且展望了未来在耐磨泥泵材料方面的研究重点。     

新型井泵正交试验研究

井泵的效率一直是研究的重点。以150QJ120型号的井泵为研究对象,选择叶片数、出口安放角等7个因素,每个因素取3个水平,按L18(37)正交试验方案,采用极大扬程设计法设计了18副叶轮。并以数值计算为手段,对18副叶轮在相同导叶的两级装配情况下进行了性能预测,探索了几个因素对泵效率、扬程的影响规律,并通过极差分析找到了影响这些性能的主要因素和次要因素。     

旋转喷射泵的研究开发现状与展望

旋转喷射泵是一种特殊的新型极低比转速泵。它具有流量小、扬程高、结构简单、效率相对较高等优点，因而广泛应用于造纸、橡胶、石油、化工、冶金等行业。介绍了旋喷泵的结构及原理，概述了旋喷泵的国内外研究现状，并主要介绍两个过流部件——集流管和转子腔的研究开发现状。最后，对下一步研究方向做了深入的分析，为今后的研究指出了方向。     

大颗粒下螺旋离心泵内运动特性数值模拟与分析

以150×100LN-32型螺旋离心泵为模型,采用欧拉多流体、RNG k-ε模型对其内部进行三维数值模拟。对比不同颗粒粒径以及浓度情况下固液两相流场,分析了在大颗粒情况下,固体颗粒在螺旋离心泵内的运动情况。通过固相体积分数、压力以及速度分布,得出了大颗粒固液两相流在螺旋离心泵内的运动特性。并以此为参照,分析大颗粒情况下螺旋离心泵磨损情况。     

双流道泵输送固液介质的水力性能及磨损试验研究

为分析固液混合物对双流道输送泵性能的影响,采用平均粒径为10 mm和36 mm的固体颗粒对双流道泵在不同浓度和流量下开展输送固液两相介质的水力性能试验,并对泵的磨损进行分析。水力试验结果表明,在一定的流量下,随着输送混合物中固体颗粒浓度的增加,入口表压、出口表压、扬程及效率呈递减趋势。 与输送清水时比较,当输送固液两相介质时,随着流量的增大,轴功率上升较快,扬程的下降量在不同流量下几乎相同;效率曲线在不同流量下比输送清水时效率要低,差值随着流量的增大而增大。在同流量同浓度比工况下,泵的进出口压力、扬程和汽蚀性能在输送较大直径固体颗粒时,明显下降。通过对双流道泵磨损的分析表明,叶轮磨损部位主要在前盖板外缘、流道内偏前盖板的流道表面、压力面进口边,压力面的磨损区域呈三角形;泵体的磨损部位主要在周壁、隔舌及泵体口环处。本研究可为固液两相双流道离心泵的理论研究与设计应用提供试验依据。     

Numerical simulation and experimental research on the influence of solid-phase characteristics on centrifugal pump performance

The law governing the movement of particles in the centrifugal pump channel is complicated; thus, it is difficult to examine the solid-liquid two-phase turbulent flow in the pump. Consequently, the solid-liquid two-phase pump is designed based only on the unary theory. However, the obvious variety of centrifugal-pump internal flow appears because of the existence of solid phase, thus changing pump performance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the flow characteristics of the solid-liquid two-phase pump. In the current paper, two-phase numerical simulation and centrifugal pump performance tests are carried out using different solid-particle diameters and two-phase mixture concentration conditions. Inner flow features are revealed by comparing the simulated and experimental results. The comparing results indicate that the influence of the solid-phase characteristics on centrifugal-pump performance is small when the flow rate is low, specifically when it is less than 2 m3/h. The maximum efficiency declines, and the best efficiency point tends toward the low flow-rate direction along with increasing solid-particle diameter and volume fraction, leading to reduced pump steady efficient range. The variation tendency of the pump head is basically consistent with that of the efficiency. The efficiency and head values of the two-phase mixture transportation are even larger than those of pure-water transportation under smaller particle diameter and volume fraction conditions at the low-flow-rate region. The change of the particle volume fraction has a greater effect on the pump performance than the change in the particle diameter. The experimental values are totally smaller than the simulated values. This research provides the theoretical foundation for the optimal design of centrifugal pump.     

Numerical simulation and analysis of solid-liquid two-phase flow in centrifugal pump

The flow with solid-liquid two-phase media inside centrifugal pumps is very complicated and the relevant method for the hydraulic design is still immature so far.There exist two main problems in the operation of the two-phase flow pumps,i.e.,low overall efficiency and severe abrasion.In this study,the three-dimensional,steady,incompressible,and turbulent solid-liquid two-phase flows in a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump are numerically simulated and analyzed by using a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code based on the mixture model of the two-phase flow and the RNG k-two-equation turbulence model,in which the influences of rotation and curvature are fully taken into account.The coupling between impeller and volute is implemented by means of the frozen rotor method.The simulation results predicted indicate that the solid phase properties in two-phase flow,especially the concentration,the particle diameter and the density,have strong effects on the hydraulic performance of the pump.Both the pump head and the efficiency are reduced with increasing particle diameter or concentration.However,the effect of particle density on the performance is relatively minor.An obvious jet-wake flow structure is presented near the volute tongue and becomes more remarkable with increasing solid phase concentration.The suction side of the blade is subject to much more severe abrasion than the pressure side.The obtained results preliminarily reveal the characteristics of solid-liquid two-phase flow in the centrifugal pump,and are helpful for improvement and empirical correction in the hydraulic design of centrifugal pumps.     

Computational analysis of centrifugal pump delivering solid-liquid two-phase flow during startup period

The transient behavior of centrifugal pumps during transient operating periods, such as startup and stopping, has drawn more and more attention recently because of urgent needs in engineering. Up to now, almost all the existing studies on this behavior are limited to using water as working fluid. The study on the transient behavior related to solid-liquid two-phase flow has not been seen yet. In order to explore the transient characteristics of a high specific-speed centrifugal pump during startup period delivering the pure water and solid-liquid two-phase flow, the transient flows inside the pump are numerically simulated using the dynamic mesh method. The variable rotational speed and flow rate with time obtained from experiment are best fitted as the function of time, and are written into computational fluid dynamics （CFD） code-FLUENT by using a user defined function. The predicted heads are compared with experimental results when pumping pure water. The results show that the difference in the transient performance during startup period is very obvious between water and solid-liquid two-phase flow during the later stage of startup process. Moreover, the time for the solid-liquid two-phase flow to achieve a stable condition is longer than that for water. The solid-liquid two-phase flow results in a higher impeller shaft power, a larger dynamic reaction force, a more violent fluctuation in pressure and a reduced stable pressure rise comparing with water. The research may be useful to tmderstanding on the transient behavior of a centrifugal pump under a solid-liquid two-phase flow during startup period.     

旋流泵内部固液两相流动的CFD模拟分析

基于雷诺平均N-S方程,对旋流泵金属蜗壳叶轮在清水和固液两相流动时的内部流场进行三维CFD数值模拟。采用Pro/E三维造型软件进行几何造型,应用Fluent软件,选用雷诺平均N-S方程,输送清水介质使用标准k-ε紊流模型,输送含有固体颗粒的两相介质采用k-ε-Ap模型,结合SI MPLE算法,采用笛卡尔坐标,混合四面体非结构网格,对其内部流场进行了三维CFD数值模拟。对固体颗粒直径发生变化时的固液相速度分布情况进行详细分析。结果表明,它们的速度分布和实际情况基本吻合。     

固液两相离心泵内部非定常流动特性研究

为研究固液两相流离心泵内部的非定常流动特性,基于滑移网格方法,采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型以及ASMM代数滑移混合物模型,对一台高比转速固液两相离心泵内部流场进行非定常流动的数值模拟,通过分析清水工况数值计算结果、外特性性能实验结果以及固液两相流非定常数值计算结果,获得了非定常条件下固液两相输送离心泵的瞬时外特性曲线和内部流动及磨损规律。研究结果表明:在一个转动周期内,离心泵的扬程、效率和轴功率均呈现正弦波动特征;动静干涉效应使得叶轮出口处的速度和静压分布均呈现周期性波动;模型泵叶轮前后盖板的磨损情况比蜗壳壁面的磨损严重。上述计算结果可为实现高比转速固液两相流离心泵的优化水力设计和减轻磨损提供一定的理论参考。     

超高压斜盘式轴向柱塞泵柱塞副摩擦界面油膜固液耦合作用特性研究

作为液压传动系统核心动力元件的轴向柱塞泵,超高压化是其必然发展趋势与要求,然而超高压化会造成其中关键的柱塞副摩擦界面油膜形成显著的固液耦合作用,对柱塞副油膜的摩擦润滑与密封承载性能产生规律尚不明确的影响。为此,建立一种基于变形矩阵法的固液耦合作用求解方法,该方法基于有限容积法解算油膜流体润滑方程,基于有限元法实现摩擦界面变形计算节点规则化设置及变形矩阵精准计算,在此基础上建立柱塞副油膜弹性流体动压润滑数值计算模型,针对采用软硬配对的柱塞副63 MPa超高压工况下的摩擦界面油膜固液耦合作用特性进行研究,结果表明：固液耦合作用有助于减小柱塞副处轴向黏性摩擦力和泄漏流量,一个周期内柱塞副总周向黏性摩擦力大小基本不变但分布更为集中,导致产生了更大峰值的瞬时摩擦力;显著的结构变形产生于柱塞副摩擦界面两端局部位置处,因而对泄漏流量不造成影响,在超高压工况下经过软硬配对跑合,固液耦合作用有助于原本标准柱形铜套孔形成类似“喇叭口”的一种微观形貌,增大了柱塞与铜套孔的接触面积,增强了密封超高压油的能力,降低了接触应力。建立的模型及研究结果可为轴向柱塞泵超高压化设计提供指导。     

旋流泵内颗粒分布特性及对泵性能的影响

基于Eulerian多相流模型和RNG κ-ε两方程湍流模型对旋流泵内的液固两相流场进行了数值模拟,获得了不同粒径、浓度时泵内的颗粒分布特性及对泵性能的影响。研究结果表明:固体颗粒进入泵内后主要集中于无叶腔内,无叶腔中的颗粒分布以泵轴为中心呈现一定的轴对称分布,随着粒径的增大,颗粒在无叶腔内壁面聚集的更加明显,随着浓度的增大,颗粒在无叶腔内的分布规律几乎没有变化,随着流量的增大,无叶腔中心部分颗粒浓度几乎不变的区域扩大;在叶轮内,叶片工作面附近的颗粒浓度要大于叶片背面的;随着粒径及浓度的增大旋流泵的效率会降低,随着粒径的增大泵的扬程会降低。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 3-D DENSE SOLID-LIQUID TWO-PHASE TURBULENT FLOW IN A NON-CLOGGING MUD PUMP

A mathematical model is set to evaluate the 3-D dense solid-liquid two-phase turbulent flow in a non-clogging mud pump, the flow feature in the impeller channel is simulated with the tool of IPSA. Meanwhile, resort to TECPLOT as the post-processor, the simulation results is visualized. The results show the main flow characteristics: There exists backflow and aberrant velocities at inlet area and a relative velocity slip between two phases; A jet-wake flow pattern is discerned around the shroud-suction side area; The relative velocity vector of solid phase is closer to the pressure surface than that of liquid phase and the trend is more obvious with the increase of diameter; The kinetic energy of turbulence k and the dissipation rate s reach their peaks at the corner of pressure and suction surface. The simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental flow features in the impeller channel, which prove the turbulent model used is valid and provide a theoretical design basis to non-clogging pu