网状表面织构对水润滑轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响

为研究网状表面织构对水润滑轴承摩擦性能的影响,利用ANSYS对布置有不同密度和深度的轴承模型进行流固耦合仿真,研究不同网纹条件下水膜的承载能力;使用3D打印技术制备不同深度与密度的网状纹理的试样,使用CBZ-1摩擦磨损试验机进行摩擦试验并实时采集摩擦因数,利用表面轮廓仪对试样磨损表面的形貌进行观测。仿真结果表明:在忽略空蚀的条件下,同一转速下水膜承载能力基本随着网纹深度的增加先增大后减小。试验结果表明:合适的网状纹理表面织构能够有效改善水润滑轴承的润滑条件,进而提升轴承摩擦磨损性能;在试验低速条件下间隔5 mm、深1.5 mm的网纹织构能够有效促进摩擦表面形成润滑水膜,从而大幅改善摩擦表面的润滑条件,降低约22%的摩擦因数和约38%的磨损量,同时高速工况下该网纹织构仍可降低磨损量。     

仿生织构表面对人工髋关节副动压润滑性能及减摩性分析

为提高钛合金TC4人工髋关节假体的耐磨性,从仿生学角度在钛合金关节表面设计出菱形织构.基于雷诺方程建立织构化关节表面流体动压润滑数学模型,采用有限差分法对其进行离散,通过Matlab编程进行迭代求解,获取织构表面的润滑油膜压力分布以及织构化关节表面的摩擦因数,分析织构几何参数(菱形织构对角线长度b和织构深度hp)对摩擦性能的影响规律.加工钛合金销-盘摩擦副,用激光在盘试样上加工出菱形织构,并在牛血清润滑状态下以及相同载荷和转速的条件下进行摩擦磨损试验.结果 表明:随着菱形织构参数b和织构深度hp的增加,摩擦因数呈先增加后减小的趋势.并且试验结果与数值仿真结果具有较高的一致性,在菱形织构参数b为447 μm,织构深度hp为10 μm,存在最小摩擦因数为0.14.微织构的存在可以实现流体动压润滑,提高关节副的承载力,降低摩擦因数,从而改善关节副的摩擦性能.该研究为提高人工髋关节的寿命提供理论依据.     

复合工艺制备的表面微凹坑织构的摩擦性能研究

在构建的激光电化学复合微加工系统上,采用皮秒脉冲激光辐照与电解刻蚀复合加工方法在7075铝合金表面制备出不同尺寸的阵列凹坑微织构。采用共聚焦显微镜观测复合加工织构试样表面形貌,采用MFT-5000型RTEC摩擦磨损试验机研究润滑条件下凹坑织构的摩擦学性能,并探讨直径、深度、面积密度对减摩性能的影响。结果表明:复合加工工艺制备的表面微织构具有良好的表面形貌;润滑条件下材料表面的凹坑型织构能显著改善其摩擦学性能,相比光滑表面最高可降低摩擦因数30%;在实验参数范围内,凹坑的直径与面积密度对材料表面摩擦性能影响较大,凹坑深度对摩擦性能影响较小。     

双疏铝合金表面的水/油润滑摩擦学性能

利用激光加工在5083船用铝合金表面构建间距为100μm的点阵和网格微结构,将Si O2纳米粒子涂覆在微结构上构建微纳结构,制备出双疏铝合金表面。采用接触角测量仪测量其表面接触角和滚动角,采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机探讨其在水润滑和油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能。结果表明,网格表面的超疏水/疏油性能比点阵表面更强,水接触角达到159.9o,对十六烷的接触角达到147.0o。随表面疏水和疏油性能的提高,摩擦因数减小,磨痕深度变浅,宽度变窄。油润滑条件下的摩擦因数显著小于水润滑条件下的,且波动性更小,磨痕也更浅更窄。水润滑条件下,点阵表面的摩擦因数大于网格表面;而油润滑条件下,点阵表面的摩擦因数小于网格表面。     

织构长宽比对钻头轴承润滑减磨性能的影响

基于雷诺方程建立单一织构不可压缩牛顿流体润滑条件下的动压润滑理论模型,采用有限差分法和高斯-赛德尔迭代法求解雷诺方程,分析不同长宽比(平行速度方向为长度方向,垂直速度方向为宽度方向)织构表面对动压润滑性能的影响;并采用MMW-1型微机控制万能摩擦磨损试验机开展牙轮钻头滑动轴承模拟工况下的单元摩擦学实验,对比分析不同长宽比织构对销-盘摩擦副表面摩擦磨损性能的影响;综合数值仿真与单元摩擦学实验结果,分析织构长宽比对织构润滑减磨的影响机制。数值仿真结果表明,织构长宽比对织构动压润滑性能的影响与织构深度有较大的关系,织构深度小于最小油膜厚度时,织构长宽比越小,织构的动压润滑性能越好;织构深度大于最小油膜厚度时,织构长宽比越小,织构的动压润滑性能越差。单元摩擦学实验结果表明,不同长宽比织构均能有效提高表面的摩擦学性能,但表现为织构长宽比越小,织构表面抗摩擦磨损性能越好。数值仿真和实验结果的差异在于仿真分析为动压润滑状态,而单元实验研究则为混合润滑状态。     

凹槽型织构对钻头滑动轴承表面摩擦学性能影响分析

基于雷诺方程建立表面织构化滑动轴承润滑理论模型,探究不同织构参数(分布角度、深度、面积比、偏斜角度、长度)对钻头滑动轴承承载力和摩擦因数的影响规律.在油膜收敛和最小油膜厚度附近区域布置织构,有利于增加轴承表面润滑性能,而织构布置在油膜发散处反而会减小轴承承载力,增大摩擦因数.织构的最佳织构深度与轴承的工况相关,不同偏心率条件下最优织构深度不同,轴承所承载的载荷越大,凹槽型织构化轴承的最佳织构深度越深;摩擦因数随织构面积比的增加先增大后减小,当面积比为18％时,摩擦因数最小.织构深度对织构偏斜角度的影响较小,轴承摩擦因数随偏斜角度的增加逐渐减小;织构长度为轴承宽度的1/2时,轴承润滑效果最佳.     

表面织构形貌参数影响润滑性能的三维CFD分析

为研究在流体润滑条件下,表面微织构形貌参数对润滑性能的影响,建立考虑空化效应的单织构三维计算模型。用CFD方法模拟织构在不同深度、面积密度和表面形状条件下,油膜承载力、摩擦因数和压力分布的变化情况。结果表明:随着织构深度(面积密度)的增加,油膜的承载力先增大后减小,摩擦因数先减小后增大,即织构存在最优的深度和面积密度使得流体动压润滑性能最优;随着上壁面滑移速度的增大,织构的最优深度有减小的趋势,而最优面积密度趋于稳定;设计具有汇流作用的织构表面形状可以提高油膜的承载力,且速度越大,改善润滑的效果越明显。     

表面微织构与表面涂层协同作用研究现状

表面微织构因其独特的纹理结构不仅减小了摩擦副表面间的实际接触面积,抑制了"犁耕现象"的出现,而且可以实现润滑液的有效存储,进而达到"二次润滑"和"动压润滑"的效果。若将表面微织构的减摩特性与表面涂层的润滑特性结合起来,利用两者的协同作用,则有望进一步改善摩擦副间的摩擦磨损性能。介绍了表面微织构在不同润滑条件下的减摩机理以及表面微织构与表面涂层协同作用的研究现状。     

边界和混合润滑下仿鲨鱼皮织构的减摩性能

鲨鱼皮体表的盾鳞结构上呈现细小的肋条,形成了一种非光滑表面的沟槽,并具有明显的减阻效果。探究盾鳞结构的表面特征,将其应用到机械表面摩擦中达到减摩效果。根据肋条曲线拟来进行拟合,重新构建仿鲨鱼皮织构表面模型,并在45钢表面制备出织构化的试样;之后采用MM-P2摩擦磨损试验机,考察织构化对光滑表面摩擦性能的影响;研究结果明:200N载荷条件下,凸起型织构的45钢表面,相比未织构表面,仿鲨鱼皮织构面的摩擦系数在边界润滑和混合润滑下分别降低9.52%和11.06%。     

GCr15钢微织构表面固体润滑性能研究

为研究不同表面处理方式对PTFE/GCr15钢配副表面摩擦学性能的影响,采用Nd:YAG纳秒激光器对GCr15轴承钢下试样表面进行激光织构加工,并以纳米MoS_2固体润滑剂作为润滑介质,以黏结有PTFE自润滑衬垫的圆柱销作为上试样进行对摩试验。研究发现:PTFE自润滑衬垫与微织构GCr15摩擦副在干摩擦条件下摩擦因数较低,仅为0.137,而在纳米MoS_2固体润滑剂润滑条件下,其摩擦因数进一步下降为0.123,且波动较小。通过EDS分析表明,表面微织构、聚四氟乙烯衬垫与纳米MoS_2润滑介质三者具有协同润滑减摩效应,可摩擦副表面生成一层由PTFE与纳米MoS_2材料组成的致密、平滑复合润滑膜,有效改善对摩副之间的润滑特性。研究表明,通过表面激光织构技术与固体自润滑技术(添加纳米MoS_2)的有效集成融合,可进一步改善PTFE/GCr15钢配副的润滑性能。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

5083H111轧制铝合金的低周疲劳行为

在室温下对5083H111轧制铝合金板三个典型方向——轧制方向(RD方向)、与轧制方向成45°角方向(MD方向)、垂直于轧制方向(TD方向)的试样进行了单轴对称应变控制的低调疲劳试验,研究了不同方向试样的循环变形行为和疲劳寿命差异。结果表明:铝合金板在三个方向上都表现出了明显的循环硬化特性,即在恒定的应变幅下,三个方向的响应应力幅均随着循环次数的增加而增大,并且外加应变幅越大,响应应力幅也越大;三个方向的低周疲劳ε-Nf曲线差别不明显;三参数幂函数寿命模型可以很好地预测5083H111铝合金的低周疲劳寿命。