仿尾鳍式变截面摆动振子无阀压电叠堆泵的结构设计

受具有高速巡游速度的金枪鱼的启发,提出了一种微脉动、大流量、仿尾鳍变截面振子无阀压电泵。以压电叠堆为激励源,设计了仿尾鳍变截面振子,实验验证了振子的二阶弯振和金枪鱼高速巡游的摆动模式一致。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS分析了振子的模态振型,提出了模态分离更好的Y型振子。为避免压电叠堆受力不均匀而受到损坏,采用钢球和隔离块作为压电叠堆传递力和振动的媒介,实现了压电叠堆和泵腔内液体的干湿分离。设计了二级杠杆/柔铰机构,放大了振子端部柔性叶片摆动幅度。最后,研制了样机,并进行了不同驱动频率下的仿尾鳍式变截面摆动振子无阀压电叠堆泵的流量测量,结果表明,在80V正弦电压的激励下,激励频率为1 350Hz时泵的流量达到峰值(400ml/min)。本设计方案能够有效地提高泵的性能,满足工程实践中对大流量无阀压电泵的需求。     

刚柔结构仿尾鳍压电双晶片无阀泵的实验研究

利用结构的摆动振动驱动流体单向流动,和传统的利用结构的不对称性形成泵功能的无阀流体驱动原理相比,具有更易于微小型化、效率高、流动脉动小、无回流等优势,而仿尾鳍振子端部的柔性尾鳍结构是高效泵水的关键部件。首先,通过无流量的压差测量法测得了柔性尾长在2~18mm范围内压差峰值随频率的变化关系;其次,利用激光多普勒测振仪测得了摆动振子在水中的振动模态,与压差实验结果进行了对比分析,确定了压差峰值与振子振型的对应关系;最后,通过对振子的分解,讨论了柔性尾鳍与振子主体部分的耦合关系,解释了最佳工作振型在振子主体部分二阶弯振附近波动的现象。结果表明:摆动振子工作在近似无限水域中,前3阶弯振均可测得压差;柔性尾长为4mm和6mm时,压差达到最大值55mm;不同柔性尾长的摆动振子取得最大压差时的工作频率,在无柔性尾鳍振子的二阶弯振模态频率附近波动。     

变截面“Y”型流管无阀压电泵原理及试验

根据三通全扩散/收缩流管的结构形式,设计了一种无阀压电泵——变截面“Y”型流管无阀压电泵。首先,分析了变截面 “Y”型流管无阀压电泵的工作原理;然后,对变截面“Y”型流管流阻和泵流量进行理论分析,对变截面“Y”型流管进行模拟,得到流管正反向压强损失系数;最后,制作变截面“Y”型流管无阀压电泵样机,并进行流量试验。试验表明：当驱动电压为100 V、驱动频率为12.4 Hz时,流量达到最大,为25.7 ml/min;使用定频12.4 Hz改变电压,当电压为200 V时,最大流量达到41.6 ml/min。该组试验证明了变截面“Y”型流管无阀压电泵的有效性。     

一种仿生型无阀压电泵

针对传统的容积型流阻差式无阀压电泵具有吸入周期和排出周期,存在着流动脉动大、流量小的问题,提出一种新型的鱼鳍摆动式无阀压电泵。模仿在鱼类中巡游速度最快的金枪鱼的鱼体结构,设计了压电双晶片结构的压电振子,并将其尾鳍设计成柔性叶片状。分析了压电双晶片结构悬臂梁的受力变形、模态振型在机电转换效率方面的关系。研制了泵的样机并测量了激励电压在100 V时泵的流量。实验结果表明:振子工作在1阶振型时,泵水效应不明显;振子工作在2阶振型时,谐振频率为740 Hz,泵的流量为266 mL/min;振子工作在3阶振型时,谐振频率为1 280 Hz,泵的流量为105 mL/min。     

压电宏纤维驱动的仿生尾鳍微推进力测量系统

提出了用于压电宏纤维(macro fiber composites,简称MFC)驱动的柔性仿锦鲤尾鳍推进力动态精密测量的悬臂式微推进力测量系统。基于矩形截面悬臂梁的纯弯曲和扭转变形理论,首先,提出微推进力测量构件的设计指标,其弯曲刚度实验标定结果与设计指标基本吻合,水下稳定摆动测试结果表明,MFC驱动的柔性仿生尾鳍在激励频率7,8 Hz时分别取得最大摆幅峰峰值5.08 mm和最大摆速104.3 mm/s;然后,开展了柔性尾鳍在最大摆幅及最大摆速状态下产生的微推进力动态测量实验,结果显示柔性尾鳍产生的推进力在一个稳定摆动周期内出现两次波峰起伏,且存在着时间占比不同的推进和拖拽两种状态。结果表明,最大摆速状态下,柔性尾鳍稳定摆动过程在65.6%的周期内为推进状态,产生的瞬时最大推进力和拖拽力分别为6.26和-2.50 mN,数值积分得到的周期平均推进力为1.90 mN,而柔性尾鳍最大摆幅状态下产生的平均推进力为0.26 mN。所提出的柔性仿生尾鳍及微推进力精密测量系统的具有较好的参考作用。     

"Y"形流管无阀压电泵模拟与试验

对"Y"形流管无阀压电泵内部流场及泵流量特性进行了模拟及试验研究.采用CFX软件对"Y"形流管无阀压电泵泵腔内的流场特性进行了模拟分析.结果表明:"Y"形流管无阀压电泵工作时泵腔内的压强变化很小,涡旋对流体传输活体细胞及长链大分子基本无影响.实际制作了"Y"形流管无阀压电泵,并通过改变"Y"形流管的几何尺寸,研究了压电泵进出口端压差的变化规律.试验结果表明,压差随支管夹角增大而减小,并且当两支管宽的和接近主管宽时,压差值达到最小,当支管夹角为5°,宽为1.2 mm时,压差达到最大725 Pa.     

“Y”形流管无阀压电泵模拟与试验研究

为了对“Y”形流管无阀压电泵的工作特性有更深入的了解,使其更好地满足输血、输液等工作的需要,对“Y”形流管无阀压电泵内部流场及泵流量特性进行了模拟及试验研究。采用CFX软件对“Y”形流管无阀压电泵泵腔内的流场特性进行了模拟分析。结果表明：“Y”形流管无阀压电泵工作时泵腔内的压强变化很小,涡旋对流体传输活体细胞及长链大分子基本无影响。实际制作了“Y”形流管无阀压电泵,并通过改变“Y”形流管的几何尺寸,研究了压电泵进出口端压差的变化规律。试验结果表明压差随支管夹角增大而减小,并且当两支管宽的和接近主管宽时,压差值达到最小,当支管夹角为5°,宽为1.2mm时,压差达到最大的74mm水柱。     

声控微型无阀压电喷流泵

摘要：提出了一种声控微型无阀压电喷流泵,利用声控电路控制无阀压电泵开启、关闭和喷流状态,实现了无需信号发生器直接驱动压电泵工作。阐述了声控电路设计结构和工作机理,设计并加工了声控振荡电路和声控开关电路板,并与无阀压电喷流泵匹配进行了系统调试,实验结果表明：压电泵喷流状态随外界声音频率、振幅变化而变化,声音频率越高、振幅越大,压电泵喷流高度增高,出水量增大;当声音频率与压电泵基频产生共振时,压电泵达到最佳喷流效果。     

变截面微管道的制作与气体流动特性分析

为提高硅微无阀泵和空间微推进器的性能，采用微电子机械工艺在硅片上加工出不同长度，不同喉部宽度、断面形状为矩形的变截面微管道，实验测量微管道内氮气的流量特性，分析不同因素对流动特性的影响，研究发现，相同变截面微管道，扩张方向的性能好于收缩方向，不同变截面微管道，随着扩张角，等直段长度，宽度的不断增加，流动性能逐渐提高。     

无阀气体压电泵仿真分析与实验

为了提高微型泵输出流量以及获得连续出流能力,设计了一种基于合成射流原理的无阀气体压电泵。首先,分析了压电气泵的工作原理,测试了压电振子的振幅;其次,利用CFX软件对无阀气泵进行仿真分析,得到压电气泵在0T,1/4T,2/4T和3/4T时刻的气体流速分布,以及容腔高度、泵腔高度、射流孔直径和出口直径对气泵流量的影响规律;最后,制作了无阀气体压电泵的实验样机。测试结果表明,当无阀压电气泵在驱动电压为120V、驱动频率为400Hz、容腔高度为0.1mm、泵腔高度为1.4mm、射流孔直径为1.3mm和出口直径为2mm时,泵输出气体流量为1800ml/min左右,实验与仿真分析基本吻合。该气泵能输出较大气体流量并具有连续出流的能力。     

Principle and experimental verification of caudal-fin-type piezoelectric-stack pump with variable-cross-section oscillating vibrator

In the traditional flow-resistance-differential (FRD) type valve-less piezoelectric pump,the generated outflow and pressure are discontinuous because of the inherent periodicity and fluctuation of the pump.To overcome these drawbacks,utilizing the bending vibration of piezoelectric bimorph to drive fluid was conducted.However,our investigation on the current status of this piezoelectric bimorph pump shows that larger driving force and vibration amplitude are required for fluid pumping;the pumping can be realized through the centrifugal force;and the mechanism of fluid pumping is no longer further studied.Based on these cases,the paper designed a piezoelectric-stack pump with variable-cross-section oscillating (VCSO) vibrator by imitating the swing of the caudal-fin of tuna,and the pump is neither the rotating type nor the volumetric type according to the taxonomy.The interaction between the oscillating vibrator and the fluid parcel is firstly analyzed from the viewpoint of momentum conservation,and the analytical expression of pump flow rate is obtained.Then the modal and harmonic response analyses on the vibrator immerged in water are carried out.From the analyses the first two orders resonance frequencies are 832 Hz and 1 939 Hz,respectively,and the peak value of the tip amplitude is 0.6 mm.Laser Doppler vibrometer is used to measure both the frequency and vibration amplitude,and the determined first two orders resonance frequencies are 617 Hz and 1 356 Hz,respectively.The measured tip amplitude reaches to the peak value of 0.3 mm.At last,experimental measurement for the flow rates with different driving frequencies is conducted.The results show that the flow rate can reach 560 mL/min at 1 370 Hz when the pump runs under the backpressure of 30 mm water column.And the flow rate is as much as 560% of that of experiment results carried out by researchers from Brazil.The proposed pump innovates in both theory and taxonomy;in addition,the pump overcomes the drawbacks such as large flow fluctuation and low flow rate     

非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵

提出了一种新型的非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵,这种泵巧妙地利用了泵腔内部的空间,将泵腔底部沿吸入口和排出口方向设计成非对称坡面形状,非对称坡面腔底与压电振子之间形成非对称交替排列的一组锥形流道.当泵工作时,使流体产生单向流动,从而可以不再需要传统的锥形流管;建立了这种泵关于平均值的流阻系数与泵流量关系的力学模型,并利用该模型分析了泵的工作原理;最后制作了非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵,利用试验证明了上述理论的正确性.试验用泵采用的工作电压为220 V,工作频率为50 Hz,压电振子有效直径为30 mm,当非对称坡面的倾角差为70°,工作介质为水时,泵产生了4.67 mm水柱的压差.     

Theoretical analysis and experimental verification on valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segment bluff-body

Existing researches on no-moving part valves in valve-less piezoelectric pumps mainly concentrate on pipeline valves and chamber bottom valves, which leads to the complex structure and manufacturing process of pump channel and chamber bottom. Furthermore, position fixed valves with respect to the inlet and outlet also makes the adjustability and controllability of flow rate worse. In order to overcome these shortcomings, this paper puts forward a novel implantable structure of valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segments in the pump chamber. Based on the theory of flow around bluff-body, the flow resistance on the spherical and round surface of hemisphere-segment is different when fluid flows through, and the macroscopic flow resistance differences thus formed are also different. A novel valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segment bluff-body （HSBB） is presented and designed. HSBB is the no-moving part valve. By the method of volume and momentum comparison, the stress on the bluff-body in the pump chamber is analyzed. The essential reason of unidirectional fluid pumping is expounded, and the flow rate formula is obtained. To verify the theory, a prototype is produced. By using the prototype, experimental research on the relationship between flow rate, pressure difference, voltage, and frequency has been carried out, which proves the correctness of the above theory. This prototype has six hemisphere-segments in the chamber filled with water, and the effective diameter of the piezoelectric bimorph is 30mm. The experiment result shows that the flow rate can reach 0.50 mL/s at the frequency of 6 Hz and the voltage of 110 V. Besides, the pressure difference can reach 26.2 mm H20 at the frequency of 6 Hz and the voltage of 160 V. This research proposes a valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segment bluff-body, and its validity and feasibility is verified through theoretical analysis and experiment.     

Multi-Field Analysis and Experimental Verification on Piezoelectric Valve-Less Pumps Actuated by Centrifugal Force

A piezoelectric centrifugal pump was developed previously to overcome the low frequency responses of piezoelectric pumps with check valves and liquid reflux of conventional valveless piezoelectric pumps. However, the electro-mechanical-fluidic analysis on this pump has not been done. Therefore, multi-field analysis and experimental verification on piezoelectrically actuated centrifugal valveless pumps are conducted for liquid transport applications. The valveless pump consists of two piezoelectric sheets and a metal tube with piezoelectric elements pushing the metal tube to swing at the first bending resonant frequency. The centrifugal force generated by the swinging motion will force the liquid out of the metal tube. The governing equations for the solid and fluid domains are established, and the coupling relations of the mechanical,electrical and fluid fields are described. The bending resonant frequency and bending mode in solid domain are discussed, and the liquid flow rate, velocity profile, and gauge pressure are investigated in fluid domain. The working frequency and flow rate concerning different components sizes are analyzed and verified through experiments to guide the pump design. A fabricated prototype with an outer diameter of 2.2 mm and a length of80 mm produced the largest flow rate of 13.8 m L/min at backpressure of 0.8 k Pa with driving voltage of 80 Vpp. Bysolving the electro-mechanical-fluidic coupling problem,the model developed can provide theoretical guidance on the optimization of centrifugal valveless pump characters.     

非对称分叉流管无阀压电泵的设计及试验

具有微混合功能的多级Y型流管无阀压电泵存在着输出流量与振子带载能力不平衡的问题。为此，提出了一种非对称分叉流管无阀压电泵。首先，理论分析了该无阀压电泵输出流量与流管流阻间的关系；其次，利用有限元软件数值计算了多级Y型流管的流阻特性；最后，采用光固化快速成型技术加工了样机，并进行了泵特性试验和振子振动测试。试验结果表明：在峰峰值200 V正弦波交流电驱动下，该压电泵的流量、扬程和压电振子的振幅都随驱动频率增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势；当驱动频率为31 Hz时，最大流量为4 g/min；驱动频率为38 Hz时，最大扬程为40.5 mmH2O。在试验施加电压范围内，该泵的输出性能与驱动电压呈正相关性。本研究验证了非对称流道树型无阀压电泵的可行性，为非对称无阀压电泵在微流道滴灌和微混合等领域的应用提供了参考。     

四腔并联压电泵结构设计

为提高压电泵的输出性能,设计了一种层叠型四腔并联有阀压电泵。在80 V正弦交流电驱动下,40~400 Hz工作频率内,以水和空气作为介质,分别选用不同数量的压电振子进行驱动,在不同的驱动方式(指振子间工作时的相位差)下对泵的输出性能进行试验测试。结果显示,当泵送空气时,不管多少个振子进行驱动,驱动方式对泵的输出流量几乎不产生任何影响,在测试频率范围内,输出流量随频率成线性变化,最大输出气体流量可达3600 mL/min;当泵送液体时,驱动方式对泵的输出流量影响很大,当同侧的压电振子为异步驱动时,输出流量的效果更好,在工作频率180 Hz时,最大输出液体流量可达830 mL/min。试验结果为多振子驱动压电泵选择合适的振子间驱动方式提供了参考依据。     

三轴标准振动台簧片解耦结构遗传算法多参数优化设计

针对三轴标准振动台簧片解耦结构低固有频率及非线性特性导致的工作频率范围受限及输出振动波形严重失真等问题,首先基于确定的解耦结构关键参数及简化组合,通过Ansys模态和瞬态动力学分析,得到相应参数变化时三轴标准振动台的固有频率和输出波形失真特性。进一步,采用多元非线性回归法建立准确表征固有频率、失真度与关键结构参数间非线性变化关系的回归方程,并基于NSGA-II遗传算法对簧片解耦结构进行多参数优化,求解得到前3阶固有频率、弯曲振型固有频率最大可分别提升123.95%、166.85%及失真度最大可降低36.83%的最佳簧片结构参数。最后,实验测试表明最优簧片解耦结构对应的三轴标准振动台在固有频率及输出波形失真度两方面性能均得到提升,验证了簧片解耦结构遗传算法多参数优化设计的有效性,为其他多维柔性结构优化设计提供了参考。     

压电双晶片和单晶片驱动下泵的输出性能研究

为从理论上获得压电泵在薄片型压电双晶片和单晶片(统称压电振子)驱动时的输出流量关系,需要获得二者振动时产生的容积变化量。假设压电振子在周边固定约束条件下,应用弹性薄板的小挠度弯曲变形理论,推导了压电双晶片和单晶片振动时的容积变化方程,并根据方程对铜基板直径为35mm,压电陶瓷直径为29mm,基板和压电陶瓷厚度同时为0.2mm和0.3mm 2种规格的压电单晶片和双晶片进行了振动容积计算。计算结果显示,相同基板和陶瓷厚度的双晶片振动产生的容积变化量是单晶片的2.3倍。将上诉压电振子应用到单腔压电泵上进行输送气体流量测试,获得的实际输出流量比在1.5~2倍之间,理论计算结果与试验测试结果比较接近。理论推导结果为比较双晶片和单晶片驱动下压电泵的输出能力提供了可靠依据。     

Research on the valveless piezoelectric pump with Y-shape pipes

A piezoelectric pump with its Y-shape elements is presented. Two Y-shape pipes are fixed outside the chamber serving as an inlet and outlet, with the chamber and a piezoelectric vibrator being the actor. The pump has the potential to be miniaturized and integrated. Eddies occurring in the Y-shape elements are smaller, which is beneficial for the transport of living cells or long-link macromolecules. In this paper, the structure of the pump is first presented. Then, the equations on the change in volume and the mean pressure in the chamber are established, as well as the relation between the flow rate and the working frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator. Moreover, the relation between the mean pressure in the chamber and the working frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator is established. Finally, experiments are carried out to test the characteristics of the pump and to verify the correction of the theory on this pump.