数字化显微图像分析检测系统的设计研究

传统光学显微图像观测通过计算机硬件和软件技术的实现光电－数字化,是显微图像分析技术在信号化时代的升级换代,本文阐述实现数字显微图像技术跃变过程中若干重要的设计研究问题,包括图像的光电转换,图像处理,静态观测,活态观测和动力学观测,通用和特殊图像处理方法,若干专用显微图像信息处理技术等,并介绍所取得的成果。     

润滑油中颗粒污染物的数字显微图像测试研究

为检测润滑油被固体机械杂质污染的程度，采用数控载物台和CCD图像捕捉技术，获取颗粒污染物试验样片的数字显微图像，对数字图像进行处理与分割，使计算机对微小颗粒具有可视化和可理解性，使用扫描标号算法测量污染颗粒的尺寸、数量与分布，经数理统计、计算机数据处理，从而确定油液污染度等级，通过数字显微图像技术的应用研究，得到一种新型、快捷、实用、经济的能对润滑油中颗粒污染物进行柔性化定量测试的方法。     

显微图像的一种快速拼接算法

针对高放大倍数下，在一帧显微图像中无法获取所观测对象全貌的问题。运用基于块匹配的算法进行了多帧图像的自动拼接，并采用多分辨率技术实现了匹配算法的快速实现。拼接结果表明提出的显微图像快速拼接算法的简洁有效性．     

显微细胞的图像分析技术

目前图像处理技术在细胞定量分析研究工作中起着重要作用，随着计算机技术的快速发展，图像处理技术也有了很大的进步，专门用于显微细胞病理判断的图像处理技术也得到很大提高。介绍了显微细胞图像分析系统的研究现状、基本结构和基本方法，并对今后的发展与应用作出了展望。     

CMOS数字成像技术在电力系统图像监控中的应用

图像传感器是图像监控系统中的关键部件，提出了采用,CMOS数字彩色/黑白传感器与数字信号处理芯片结合构成最小系统的数字摄像机替代模拟摄像机进行图像信息采集的思想，详细介绍了基于CMOS数字传感器的数字成像技术的构成及原理，且结合电力系统的工程实际，阐述了数字成像技术在图像监控中的应用以及今后的发展前景。     

尿显微图像中细胞自动识别与分类的研究与分析系统的实现

本文采用数字图像处理技术和模糊模式识别技术,实现尿显微图像中细胞的自动识别与分类,并阐述了尿显微图像分析系统的实现,结果表明,本方法具有方法直接、鲁棒性强和稳定性好等特点。     

扫描多光谱显微图像的重构及处理

本文介绍了一种新的显微成像一扫描多光谱显微成像的基本原理,着重描述了显微成像中多光谱图像的特点以及图像的获取和重构方法,最后介绍了系统软件的编程。     

红外图像技术的进展及应用

本文评述了傅里叶变换红外显微化学图像技术的新进展与发展趋势，并扼要介绍它在生物医学和生物学中的应用。     

一种用于植物细胞的显微图像处理系统

介绍了一种用于处理植物细胞的显微图像处理系统。提出了一种利用自主开发的CMOS图像传感器系统在显微镜上对细胞图像的视频采集、图像捕捉以及图像处理的新方法。实验表明，该系统在显微细胞的图像处理上具有广阔的应用前景。     

显微光谱成像技术及应用

本文从图像技术和光谱分析等方面论述了光谱成像技术出现和发展的必然性，明确了光谱成像的定义，丰富了光谱成像的内涵，并重点结合生命科学、纳米材料、法医学等领域阐述了显微光谱成像技术的应用。     

基于局部窗口与极值的显微图像细节增强

光学显微成像中,光学物镜、电子成像等对显微图像质量的影响较大,容易形成退化,导致获取的显微图像细节不够清晰。结合数码显微成像的具体需求,提出一种后处理细节增强处理方法。分析了数码显微成像系统的退化过程,强调了光学退化等带来的模糊细节的效应。一方面,利用尺寸变化的双窗口,可以框定凸显不同尺寸的细节信息,实现局部信息的分析;另一方面,利用局部窗口内极大值与极小值分析,并与原图信息比对以获取细节图像。两者综合,最终实现细节的增强。测试实验表明,该方法能够很好地适用于数码显微成像系统,运行速度快,增强效果好。以视觉清晰度指标、灰度平均梯度与拉普拉斯算子和指标作衡量,增强后评价指标提升的平均百分比分别为20.9%、71.2%与81.8%。     

全视场在线图像可视铁谱磨粒显微成像特性分析

为了评估全视场在线图像可视铁谱磨粒显微成像特性,提出了一种反射光显微成像模型。首先,基于朗伯余弦与小角度散射理论建立了全视场(OLVF)的反射光辐照度模型,实现了磨粒显微成像清晰度定量评价。然后,仿真计算磨粒显微成像的反差透视比,确定了最优光学倍率和适用于全视场OLVF探测的油液衰减系数范围,明确了光学参数对磨粒显微成像质量的影响规律。结果显示：光学倍率为2.0×且油液衰减系数≤2.0条件下,磨粒沉积于物方视场的主光轴附近,全视场OLVF可获得最佳磨粒显微成像清晰度。最后,开展了磨粒显微成像实验测试,结果表明：全视场OLVF能够从油液衰减系数小于2.0的在用液压油和齿轮油中获取反射光谱片图像,并提取磨粒视觉信息进行磨损在线监测。     

物面、像面、主面交于一线原理的证明及应用

通常光学成像系统,物面、像面及成像物镜与光轴都是垂直的,在特殊光学系统中,比如宇航模拟中的视景模拟光学系统,物面是倾斜的(即不垂直于光轴),造成像的不清晰。本文为使倾斜物面也能成一清晰的象,而引出了物面、像面、镜组主面交于一线的原理,并从几个方面对这个原理加以证明。在文中应用此原理推导出了单组、双组物镜组校正像面倾斜的关系式,编制了用镜组倾斜校正像面倾斜实时控制程序。     

Seamless stitching of tile scan microscope images

For diagnostic purposes, optical imaging techniques need to obtain high‐resolution images of extended biological specimens in reasonable time. The field of view of an objective lens, however, is often smaller than the sample size. To image the whole sample, laser scanning microscopes acquire tile scans that are stitched into larger mosaics. The appearance of such image mosaics is affected by visible edge artefacts that arise from various optical aberrations which manifest in grey level jumps across tile boundaries. In this contribution, a technique for stitching tiles into a seamless mosaic is presented. The stitching algorithm operates by equilibrating neighbouring edges and forcing the brightness at corners to a common value. The corrected image mosaics appear to be free from stitching artefacts and are, therefore, suited for further image analysis procedures. The contribution presents a novel method to seamlessly stitch tiles captured by a laser scanning microscope into a large mosaic. The motivation for the work is the failure of currently existing methods for stitching nonlinear, multimodal images captured by our microscopic setups. Our method eliminates the visible edge artefacts that appear between neighbouring tiles by taking into account the overall illumination differences among tiles in such mosaics. The algorithm first corrects the nonuniform brightness that exists within each of the tiles. It then compensates for grey level differences across tile boundaries by equilibrating neighbouring edges and forcing the brightness at the corners to a common value. After these artefacts have been removed further image analysis procedures can be applied on the microscopic images. Even though the solution presented here is tailored for the aforementioned specific case, it could be easily adapted to other contexts where image tiles are assembled into mosaics such as in astronomical or satellite photos.     

A focusing algorithm for high magnification cell imaging

An algorithm to produce a uniformly focused image in digital acquisition of high magnification light microscopy images is presented. In very high magnification microscopic imaging the specimen surface cannot be considered ideally flat so that capturing a single image frame is usually not sufficient to capture an image that is focused everywhere. An image formation model for light microscopic images is presented, and based on this model an algorithm to construct a uniformly focused image is presented. The algorithm requires that multiple frames of the image at different focal planes be processed to combine their information to obtain an estimated of the desired image which is more completely focused than any of the individual frames. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is very effective in approximating the desired image in high magnification microscopic imaging and highly robust comparing to the gradient method.     

A new high-resolution dual-probe system for detecting and imaging thermal and plasma waves

Thermal and plasma waves have been simultaneously and independently probed by a novel differential system. This new detection system for characterising and imaging materials such as semiconductors in a noncontacting, nondestructive manner, is based on two parallel, heterodyne interferometers, which probe the specimen on a microscopic scale. These detect changes in sample reflectivity and surface displacement which are induced by a separate laser source. The optical and electronic configuration is described and results showing the measurement and imaging capabilities of the system are presented. New results indicating interference between photodisplacement and photoreflectance effects are discussed.     

影像测量中的光源自适应控制系统研究

分析了影像测量中现有的手动光源调节系统的缺点,介绍了一种光源自适应控制系统的应用原理,给出了其硬件电路和软件算法设计,并通过构建的光学系统成像模型得出了CCD器件的电荷量与光源的光强、入射角、光源到测量对象的距离关系,提出了用阈值范围内平均梯度值来评价最佳光强的新方法,实现了PID控制对光强的调节,最后对光源自适应控制系统进行了自适应控制和抗外界干扰实验.实验结果表明此控制系统具有较好的稳定性和控制精度,在此系统的调节下,影像测量在不同外界光源条件下,0.7 s内能拍摄出清晰的图像.     

Centroid precision and orientation precision of planar localization microscopy

The concept of localization precision, which is essential to localization microscopy, is formally extended from optical point sources to microscopic rigid bodies. Measurement functions are presented to calculate the planar pose and motion of microscopic rigid bodies from localization microscopy data. Physical lower bounds on the associated uncertainties – termed centroid precision and orientation precision – are derived analytically in terms of the characteristics of the optical measurement system and validated numerically by Monte Carlo simulations. The practical utility of these expressions is demonstrated experimentally by an analysis of the motion of a microelectromechanical goniometer indicated by a sparse constellation of fluorescent nanoparticles. Centroid precision and orientation precision, as developed here, are useful concepts due to the generality of the expressions and the widespread interest in localization microscopy for super‐resolution imaging and particle tracking.