超声ELID复合内圆磨削时电参数对氧化膜的影响

通过Labview对试验中电压电流的测试,用VHX-2000超景深显微镜对氧化膜进行观测,分析了超声ELID复合磨削电参数与砂轮表面氧化膜之间的关系。研究结果表明,电参数的选择决定了砂轮结合剂发生电解反应溶解去除的速度以及砂轮表面生成氧化膜的厚度,进而影响砂轮的磨削性能和工件的磨削质量。     

ELID磨削砂轮表面氧化膜状态的表征

在线电解修整磨削(ELID)是一种电化学加工技术,可在磨削过程中对铸铁基砂轮进行连续修整,非常适合硬脆材料的超精密镜面加工.在ELID磨削过程中,砂轮表面氧化膜的状态对ELID磨削影响重大,在磨削过程中维持良好的氧化膜状态是获良好表面质量的前提保证.本文通过粘附性实验,建立了氧化膜的状态归一化模型,利用在ELID磨削过...     

ELID镜面磨削砂轮氧化膜生成机理

采用铸铁结合剂微细超硬磨料砂轮进行在线电解修整磨削时,ＥＬＩＤ砂轮表面产生的氧化膜起着极其重要的作用。研究了ＥＬＩＤ砂轮电解氧化膜的粘附强度、硬度、致密性、导电性、生成速度与砂轮结合剂成分、磨削液成分和电解参数的关系。     

ELID镜面磨削中砂轮生成氧化膜特性及其作用的研究

研究砂轮电解氧化膜的粘附强度、硬度、致密性、导电性和生成速度等物理特性与砂轮结合剂成分、磨削液成分和电解参数的关系,并分析氧化膜在ＥＬＩＤ磨削中的作用。     

An experimental investigation of temperatures during conventional and CBN grinding

In many grinding applications, the material removal rate is constrained by the undesired thermal effects such as surface burn, tensile residual stresses, and micro-cracks on the ground parts. Thermal damage is a common productivity limitation factor for conventional grinding wheels largely employed in industry due to their convenient cost and known behavior. The development of superabrasive materials having high heat conduction coefficients allowed for higher material removal rates, pushing up the limits of productivity previously achieved with conventional wheels. This paper presents the results of a comparative investigation of maximum surface temperatures generated during the plunge grinding of 52100 steel using Al₂O₃ and CBN wheels. The experiments were conducted under wet as well as dry grinding conditions. The temperatures measured experimentally were compared to those determined analytically. A discussion relative to heat partition coefficients concludes this paper.     

Subsurface damage pattern and formation mechanism of monocrystalline β-Ga2O3 in grinding process

Monocrystalline beta-phase gallium oxide (β-Ga₂O₃) is a promising ultrawide bandgap semiconductor material. However, the deformation mechanism in ultraprecision machining has not yet been revealed. The aim of this study is to investigate the damage pattern and formation mechanism of monocrystalline β-Ga₂O₃ in different grinding processes. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the subsurface damage in rough, fine, and ultrafine grinding processes. Nanocrystals and stacking faults existed in all three processes, dislocations and twins were observed in the rough and fine grinding processes, cracks were also observed in the rough grinding process, and amorphous phase were only present in the ultrafine grinding process. The subsurface damage thickness of the samples decreased with the reduction in the grit radius and the grit depth of cut. Subsurface damage models for grinding process were established on the basis of the grinding principle, revealing the mechanism of the mechanical effect of grits on the damage pattern. The formation of nanocrystals and amorphous phase was related to the grinding conditions and material characteristics. It is important to investigate the ultraprecision grinding process of monocrystalline β-Ga₂O₃. The results in this work are supposed to provide guidance for the damage control of monocrystalline β-Ga₂O₃ grinding process.     

氮化硅陶瓷镶块低粗糙度磨削的研究

提出氧化铝砂轮磨削陶瓷表面的加工过程是砂轮磨粒与工件表面凸峰的碰撞－碰撞与摩擦共同作用－摩擦抛光。对砂轮速度，工件转速、砂轮横向进给量、光磨次数，陶瓷材料硬度以及切削液等因素对表明粗糙度的影响进行了分析，表明氧化铝砂轮通过挤压和磨削抛光作用使陶瓷工件表面的粗糙度得到显著改善，实现了在普通磨床上对陶瓷材料的高质量加工。     

A study on wear mechanism and wear reduction strategies in grinding wheels used for ELID grinding

Metal-bonded superabrasive diamond grinding wheels have superior qualities such as high bond strength, high stability and high grindability. The major problems encountered are wheel loading and glazing, which impedes the effectiveness of the grinding wheel. Electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) is an effective method to dress the grinding wheel during grinding. The wear mechanism of metal-bonded grinding wheels dressed using ELID is different form the conventional grinding methods because the bond strength of the wheel-working surface is reduced by electrolysis. The reduction of bond strength reduces the grit-depth-of-cut and hence the surface finish is improved. The oxide layer formed on the surface of the grinding wheel experiences macrofracture at the end of wheel life while machining hard and brittle workpieces. When the wheel wear is dominated by macrofracture, the wheel-working surface is free from loaded chips and worn diamond grits. When the oxide layer is removed from the wheel surface, the electrical conductivity of the grinding wheel increases, and that stimulates electrolytic dressing. The conditions applied to the pulse current influence the amount of layer oxidizing from the grinding wheel surface. Longer pulse ‘on’ time increases the wheel wear. Shorter pulse ‘on’ time can be selected for a courser grit size wheel since that type of wheel needs high grinding efficiency. Equal pulse ‘on’ and ‘off’ time is desired for finer grit size wheels to obtain stable and ultraprecision surface finish.     

Precision grinding of bearing steel based on active control of oxide layer state with electrolytic interval dressing

The oxide layer state directly relates to machining quality in electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding. In this paper, intermittent grinding control strategy was used to monitor and control the state of the oxide layer in interval ELID (ELID II) grinding. Some experiments were implemented based on active control of the oxide layer state. The influence of dressing current, wheel speeds, and grit size on surface roughness and waviness has been discussed in detail with ELID II grinding for bearing steel. The experimental results illustrate that the ELID II method can realize a stable grinding process based on active control of the oxide layer state. The surface roughness (Ra) and waviness (Wa) increase with increase of the dressing current. When the dressing current is constant, Ra and Wa reduce as wheel speed increases and decrease as grain size of wheel decreases. The experimental results also show that sufficient abrasive protrusion can be ensured in ELID II grinding, especially for grinding with a W2.5 super-abrasive wheel which may produce a very smooth surface quality, Ra 0.0166 μm and Wa 0.018 μm.     

ELID 磨削工艺控制研究

砂轮表面氧化膜的形成规律与特性对ELID超精密磨削质量有着重要的影响。研究在ELID磨削中氧化膜的形成规律,基于电化学基本原理,模拟砂轮表面氧化膜形成过程,并分析金刚石砂轮电解预修整过程中氧化膜的生长规律。在此基础上,总结出控制氧化膜生长的几个主要因素之间的关系,分析和确定氧化膜生长厚度与电压之间的关系,应用循环结构编程设计实现ELID磨削工艺控制。