减速齿轮传动中主动轮齿根弯曲疲劳的计算

传动齿轮强度理论认为,齿间滑动摩擦对齿轮齿根弯曲疲劳的影响可忽略不计。针对此说法,本文作者对带惰轮的起重减速齿轮传动中主动轮受国情况展开全面的分析研究,推导出包括齿间滑动摩擦力在内的,实际外载荷作用下的主动轮齿根弯曲疲劳应力计算公式。结果表明,齿间摩擦力对含惰轮的减速齿轮传动中主动轮齿根弯曲疲劳强度的影响不可忽视。     

基于动态传动误差的齿廓修形直齿轮动态特性分析

建立了含齿廓修形的单级直齿轮传动系统的非线性动态分析模型,该模型包含直齿轮的时变啮合刚度、轮齿侧隙、静态传动误差和陀螺力等因素,并基于非线性振动理论,利用动力学方程数值解析方法求解了直齿轮传动系统的动态传动误差,对比分析了有无齿廓修形对齿轮传动系统动态传动误差的影响。同时构建了动态传动误差测量系统,进行动态传动误差测试。通过将理论计算结果和试验分析结果对比,得到结论:对直齿轮进行合适的齿廓修形可以减小系统的动态传动误差,改善齿轮传动系统的动态性能。     

前置后驱汽车传动系的动力学分析

前置后驱汽车动力传动系是汽车振动的主要激振源,传动系的振动会严重影响整车NVH性能。以某型MPV汽车动力传动系为研究对象,针对其高挡低速工况下产生的严重车内轰鸣声问题,通过试验测试分析方法确定轰鸣声激振源,并研究主减速器准双曲面齿轮在传动系中的仿真方法,建立包含齿轮的传动系刚柔耦合多体动力学模型,进行传动系的动力学分析。研究结果表明,发动机输出简谐转矩引发的传动系扭转共振会引起主减速器齿轮啮合力变化,进而引起车身振动,产生车内轰鸣声。此噪声产生机理可为车内声学特性改善提供依据。     

渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮增速传动和减速传动齿根弯曲应力对比分析

增速传动齿轮是风力发电机等各类增速齿轮传动系统中的关键零件,其设计和修形主要参考减速传动齿轮来进行。由于啮合点处滑动摩擦力的影响,增速传动齿轮的啮合特性与减速传动齿轮存在较大的差异,因而减速传动齿轮的设计制造经验不能直接应用于增速传动齿轮。以应用最广泛的渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮为研究对象,运用危险截面法和有限元啮合仿真方法,进行了增速传动和减速传动轮齿弯曲应力的对比分析研究。结果表明,相同传动功率条件下,与减速传动相比,增速传动大轮在齿根啮合区对应的弯曲应力减小,而齿顶啮合区对应的弯曲应力增大,最大增幅达27.8%;增速传动小轮弯曲应力的变化趋势与大轮相反。研究工作为增速传动齿轮的设计和修形及建立面向增速传动齿轮的设计方法提供了重要的理论支撑。     

渐开线齿轮支座强迫振动的研究

通过系统的研究充分表明,由于齿间存在摩擦,渐开线齿轮支座反力必发生周期性变化;为此,渐开线齿轮支座会产生一定程度的强迫振动,其程度与齿间滑动摩擦系数齿轮传动的重迭系数密切相关。     

双电机消隙结构与导轨定位精度

滑动导轨应用双电机消隙传动结构,改善了导轨滑动摩擦力及齿轮传动的消隙效果,减小了双电机消隙扭矩,提高了机床定位精度。     

齿轮故障演化的非线性动力学机理与实验研究

由于齿轮传动存在间隙、摩擦以及时变刚度,其动力学特性具有强烈的非线性。当齿轮发生故障时,如点蚀、剥落以及断齿,振动信号往往伴随有超谐波、次谐波等非线性特征,给齿轮故障诊断带来一定困难,因此有必要研究齿轮不同故障程度时的非线性振动机理。通过应用傅里叶级数来描述齿轮时变刚度,一定程度上避免了分段函数刚度突变问题;通过引入齿轮故障程度因子来描述齿轮故障程度,建立了齿轮故障程度的非线性动力学模型;并搭建齿轮故障演化实验台进行相关实验。仿真和实验结果表明,在一定摩擦因数以及转速时,齿轮非线性振动与转速以及齿面摩擦因数有关,与故障程度没有直接关系。     

基于虚拟样机的齿轮系统非线性扭转振动分析

以LMS Virtual Lab Motion为建模环境,建立了齿轮系统非线性扭转振动模型,通过用户自定义程序实现非线性函数的控制.以LMS DADS求解器快速求解齿轮系统动力学方程.在后处理中,分析了非线性因素对轮齿啮合力的影响,为研究齿轮系统的振动、中击、优化设计提供了另一种思路.     

三环齿轮传动的非线性动力学模型

振动大、噪声高是三环齿轮传动存在的突出问题,线性的振动模型无法完全解释其动力学行为。在考虑输入轴和支承轴的弹性、齿轮啮合综合误差、时变啮合刚度以及齿侧间隙的情况下,建立了三环齿轮传动的弯扭耦合非线性动力学模型。采用适当的坐标变换,将线性恢复力和非线性恢复力共存的动力学方程组转化为统一的矩阵形式,并对方程进行量纲一化处理,为进一步研究三环齿轮传动的非线性动力学行为打下基础。     

考虑时变啮合刚度的齿轮动态啮合力分析

以某型300 k W矿用挖掘机提升机构减速器两级齿轮传动系统为研究对象,在运用石川法对齿轮传动啮合刚度进行分析的基础上,通过分析时变啮合刚度对齿轮传动系统动态啮合力的影响,为进一步分析该传动系统非线性振动问题打下基础。     

高速大功率密度齿轮传动系统的干摩擦阻尼环减振特性研究

以干摩擦阻尼环对高速大功率密度齿轮传动系统减振特性的影响为研究对象,在考虑干摩擦阻尼环减振作用、轮齿时变啮合刚度、啮合传动误差的基础上,建立干摩擦阻尼环齿轮传动系统的弯扭轴耦合多体动力学模型。设计一套输入最高转速为36 000 r/min、油润滑的齿轮传动系统干摩擦阻尼环减振试验系统,并验证了动力学模型的有效性。研究干摩擦阻尼环结构参数对齿轮传动系统减振特性的影响。结果表明：针对高速大功率密度齿轮传动系统,干摩擦阻尼环具有良好的减振特性,降幅比可以达到20%;通过优化阻尼环结构参数如外圆直径（阻尼环与轮缘间的过盈量）、厚度、宽度等可使齿轮传动系统获得最优减振效果。     

Dynamic behavior analysis of spur gears with constant & variable excitations considering sliding friction influence

A new analytical model of a spur gear system with sliding friction is presented. Unlike previous models, the excitation consists of two parts: the rotational driving speed of the pinion and the drag torque acting on the gear. The proposed model was validated with the finite element model. Using numerical method, the steady state resolutions was obtained to mainly demonstrate the nonlinear characteristics under both constant and variable excitations. The results obtained illustrate that sliding friction could introduce additional vibration. Moreover, the sliding friction even could decrease the dynamic transmission errors under proper operation condition. Further, the bifurcation diagram was plotted to show the influence of the rotational driving speed of the pinion on the dynamical characteristic of the gear system. Finally, the fluctuated excitation was used to exhibit their different effects on the gear system, which should form the basis of further analytical and experimental work in the gear dynamic area.     

Contact finite element method for dynamic meshing characteristics analysis of continuous engaged gear drives

The dynamic meshing characteristics of gear drives have been a major concern in the design of power transmission systems as they affect vibration, acoustic noise, durability and efficiency. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic meshing characteristics of continuous engaged gear drives is a key to the development of power transmission systems. In this paper, a dynamic contact finite element analysis method, considering the variation of the engaged teeth pairs, the loaded elastic and contact deformations, and the sliding friction, is presented for the dynamic meshing characteristics analysis of continuous and elastic engaged gear drives. Various kinds of continuous engaged gear models under low and high speed condition are simulated and compared using the presented method. The tooth profile modification was designed based on the simulation results. Moreover, the effects of the tooth profile modification, the sliding friction and the time-varying meshing stiffness upon the dynamic meshing characteristics of continuous engaged gear drives are discussed in detail. The results show that the method is not only effective in designing and evaluating the tooth profile modification, but also in studying the dynamic meshing characteristics of continuous engaged gear drives with realistic time-varying meshing stiffness and tooth sliding friction. The present method could provide an effective tool for vibration mechanism study and dynamic design of the continuous engaged gear drives considering more influence factors.     

Enhanced friction model for high-speed right-angle gear dynamics

The modeling of elastohydrodynamic lubrication friction and the analysis of its dynamic effect on right-angle gears, such as hypoid and spiral bevel types are performed in the present study. Unlike the classically applied empirical constant coefficient of friction at the contacting tooth surfaces, the enhanced physics-based gear mesh friction model is both spatial and time-varying. The underlying formulation assumes mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) condition in which the division and load distribution between the full film and asperity contact zones are determined by the film thickness ratio and load sharing coefficient. In the proposed time-varying friction model, the calculation of friction coefficient is performed at each contact grid inside the instantaneous contact area that is being subjected to mineral oil lubrication. The effective friction coefficient and directional parameters synthesized from the net frictional and normal contact forces are then incorporated into a nonlinear time-varying right-angle gear dynamic model. Using this model, the effect of friction on the gear dynamic response due to the transmission error and mesh excitations is analyzed. Also, parametric studies are performed by varying torque, surface roughness and lubrication properties to understand the salient role of tooth sliding friction in gear dynamics. The simulation results are included. But experimental verification is needed.     

基于摩擦耗能原理的抑振镗杆

讨论了摩擦耗能镗杆的原理,建立了有非线性库仑干摩擦环节的力学模型,并以摩擦参数为变化量,通过数值分析的方法考察了模型的吸振效果。研制了一种基于摩擦减振的新型镗杆,结合颤振发生的机理与切削稳定性理论,分析了不同摩擦条件下镗杆的抑振效果。将不同摩擦条件下的镗杆切削实验结果与理论模型仿真结果进行对比,发现在既定的摩擦阻尼器中,有滑动摩擦与粘接两个状态,而且存在一个最优正压力使得滑动摩擦消耗能量达到最大值又不处于粘接的状态,此时系统抑振效果达到最佳。切削实验发现基于摩擦减振原理的镗杆有良好的颤振抑制效果。      

齿轮刚度及制造误差对多平行轴转子系统动力学性能的影响

分析了具有斜齿圆柱齿轮传动的多平行轴转子系统，在统一的坐标系下，建立了系统的动力学模型，考虑了系统的弯扭耦合、陀螺力矩及滑动轴承的支承刚度和阻尼。计算了系统的固有频率、动态响应及幅频特性，重点分析了齿轮的刚度、阻尼和制造误差对多平行轴转子系统动力学性能的影响     

齿轮/附加阻尼环组合结构动态特性分析

锥齿轮可传递相交轴之间的动力和运动,具有传递扭矩大、传递运动精确、可靠性高的特点。随着航空工业的发展,航空齿轮越来越转速高、负载大、重量轻,常产生因齿轮振动过大引起的疲劳破裂失效,应用干摩擦阻尼消耗振动能量是一种有效的减振方法。以齿轮/附加阻尼环组合结构为研究对象,基于平面应力假设求出转动状态下的接触面接触压力,根据赫兹接触理论求出接触刚度,通过在接触面添加弹簧联接单元建立了组合结构等效有限元模型进行动态特性分析,研究了附加阻尼环的装配过盈量、宽度、长度对齿轮动频的影响。     

Sliding friction effect on dynamics of crossed beveloid gears with small shaft angle

We propose a new method of incorporating the gear sliding friction model and loaded mesh model into an analytical nonlinear crossed beveloid geared vibration model to evaluate the mesh and dynamic characteristics. A 3-dimensional quasi-static loaded tooth contact analysis is employed and the derivation of distributed sliding friction forces and synthesis of frictions to the effective form is applied in the nonlinear dynamic analysis. Using the proposed method, the excitation effects of frictions on tooth mesh and dynamic responses at different load levels are found and investigated. The analysis results show that the existence of sliding frictions between the engaged teeth indeed tends to affect the contact pattern, normal load distribution and maximum contact pressure, but it is unsubstantial. The torque load effect of friction is found with greater degressive influence on mesh stiffness and transmission error at heavier load case. The magnitude and directionality of sliding friction on effective total engaged teeth exhibit less obvious variations than on each tooth due to the contributions from multiple teeth effect. Also, friction excitations tend to decrease the dynamic mesh force slightly for both light and heavy load cases.     

直齿轮传动非牛顿流体瞬态弹流润滑研究

综合考虑润滑流体的非牛顿特性以及齿轮传动的瞬态效应，采用Bair-Winer粘塑模型推导了非牛顿流体雷诺方程，建立了非牛顿流体瞬态弹流润滑模型；进行直齿轮传动非牛顿流体弹流润滑数值分析，获得了齿轮传动沿啮合线的油膜压力、油膜形状以及摩擦因数的分布。结果表明：在非牛顿流体工况下，油膜厚度、油膜压力以及轮齿表面摩擦因数均有所降低,因此在齿轮弹流润滑研究中应考虑流体的非牛顿特性的影响。     

Vibration signal modeling of a planetary gear set with transmission path effect analysis

For a planetary gear set, the transducer-perceived vibration signal contains vibration information from multiple sources including the sun gear, planet gears, and the ring gear. All these vibration sources are subject to corresponding transmission path effects. In this paper, a comprehensive vibration signal model for a planetary gear set is proposed considering all the vibration sources and transmission path effects. Vibration sources were generated with a nonlinear two-dimensional lumped-parameter dynamic model. Transmission path effects are modeled as two parts: the part inside the gearbox to the casing and the other part along the casing to the transducer position. Given the gear sizes, the transmission path effect modeling parameters are estimated. Then the influences of different transmission paths on resultant vibration signals are analyzed. Some vibration characteristics are revealed for one healthy planetary gear set. These vibration characteristics are validated with lab experimental data in both time domain and frequency domain.