利用Pro/E软件实现直齿圆柱齿轮的三维建模

首先在齿廓渐开线方程的基础上，介绍了利用Pro／ENGINEER创建齿轮三维模型的设计新方法，并且只需改变齿轮的相关参数，如齿数、模数、压力角、齿宽系数等，Pro／ENGINEER软件即可自动实现齿轮的设计变更。     

Pro/ENGINEER环境下的滚动轴承二维图纸生成方法

Pro／ENGINEER的工程图一般由三维模型转化而来,Pro／ENGINEER软件系统采用的是单一数据库系统,也就是说,当工程图修改后三维模型也将改变,反之亦然。因而工程图的处理在Pro／ENGINEER的应用中非常重要。 滚动轴承二维工程图相对于一般机械产品有其特殊性。本文针对滚动轴承工程图,介绍适合干滚动轴承工程图的Pro／ENGINEER环境配置文件和绘图设置文件、滚动轴承工程图模板创建方法、滚动轴承工程图符号订制方法以及二次开发环境下滚动轴承工程图调用方法。采用这种办法可以直接获取三维模型数据源包含的模型几何和拓扑信息,特征、尺寸、公差、属性、关系信息,避免用户在图纸设计时再将Pro／ENGINEER工程图导入AutoCAD重复标注的枯燥操作。     

集装箱起重机三维参数化设计系统

主要研究了基于Pro／ENGINEER的集装箱起重机三维参数化设计系统关键技术的实现方法。首先构建零部件和整机三维参数化模型，然后利用Pro／TOOIXIT和VisualC＋＋实现三维参数化设计的二次开发，最后简述根据三维参数化模型生成典型零部件的工程辅助视图的机理。实践证明，该系统的研究可推动集装箱起重机及其他复杂大型结构件机电产品的数字化创新设计。     

基于Pro／E三维模型的参数化设计技术

从提高产品的设计效率和质量出发，探讨了参数化设计的功能和Pro／ENGINEER Wildfire环境下三维模型参数化设计的实现策略和途径，分析了基于Pro／Toolkit二次开发的机械零件参数化设计的过程，并给出了应用实例。     

Pro／ENGINEER系统的规划和配置

Pro／ENGINEER作为三维CAD的典型软件，以其基于特征的实体造型技术、单一的数据库等特点风靡全球，拥有数量众多的用户；不可否认，由于缺乏对Pro／ENGINEER软件的有效规划和配置，很多企业和个人走了不少弯路，在实际工作中，没能充分发挥Pro／ENGINEER的作用。企业和个人在使用Pro／ENGINEER系统之前，     

基于Pro/TOOLKIT的木工槽铣刀参数化设计

基于Pro/ENGINEER软件所提供的Pro/TOOLKIT开发工具包,对木工槽铣刀进行了参数化设计,实现了对零件三维模型的二次开发。     

三维建模技术在机械产品设计中的应用研究

比较了传统的和基于三维建模技术的产品设计方法。介绍了Pro／ENGINEER软件的特点，提出了从产品设计和三维建模技术的角度，利用Pro／E开发平台进行工程设计的新方法，并给出了应用实例。     

由DICOM文件构建三维模型

介绍了由DICOM文件构建三维模型的流程及在软件环境下造型的步骤;基于Pro/ENGINEER实现了桡骨外形的重构,并进行了精度分析。     

Pro/ENGINEER中高级阵列的技巧

介绍了应用Pro／ENGINEER进行三维实体建模时各种阵列的方法和技巧，以及Pro／ENGINEER中的阵列的参数化特性，有效的解决了建模时的大量相似特征的处理，提高产品的设计效率。     

Pro/E客户化使用定制研究

目前Pro／ENGINEER软件在企业和高校得到了广泛应用，本文就目前在Pro/ENGINEER软件应用中，广大设计者最关心的三大问题：映射健、高效三维转二维，符号库定制进行了较为详细的阐述，这对缩短机械产品开发周期，提高企业的生产效率有重要意义。     

广西柳州产马尾松和湿地松松针挥发油的GC/MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从广西柳州产新鲜马尾松和湿地松松针中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用技术分别对两树种松针挥发油的化学成分进行分析。从马尾松松针挥发油中分离出96种化学成分,鉴定了其中的35种成分,占挥发油总离子流的93.13％;从湿地松松针挥发油中分离出133种化学成分,鉴定了其中的38种成分,占挥发油总离子流的88.83％。两树种松针挥发油的主要化学成分大致相似,主要是单萜和倍半萜,以及少量萜烯的醇、酯类化合物,但在含量上有较大的差别。马尾松松针挥发油中α-蒎烯的含量约为湿地松的3倍,而后者的β-蒎烯含量是前者的1.29倍。     

A combination of topographical contrast and stereoscopy for the reconstruction of surface topographies in SEM

The reconstruction of three-dimensional surface topographies can be done in two principally different ways: conventional stereoscopy and ‘shape from shading’. In conventional stereoscopy the depth information is obtained from two perspective views of the specimen. For that, perspectively corresponding features have to be identified in both views to determine depth from perspective shift. Conventional stereoscopy normally results in a relatively sparse set of irregularly distributed points whose elevations are known precisely. The shape-from-shading approach determines the local surface orientation from the local surface luminosity. Over a limited range of surface inclinations the emission of secondary (SE) and back-scattered (BSE) electrons depends uniquely on the angle between electron beam and local surface normal of the specimen. Shape from shading uses this relationship to determine the surface normal with multiple detectors mounted in different take-off directions. Contrary to conventional stereoscopy shape from shading yields depth information from each surface point, but this method is less accurate than stereoscopy. In this paper we propose a combination of both approaches, in which the dense, but less accurate results from shape from shading are used to fill the gaps in the sparsely distributed, but very accurately known, depth information obtained from stereoscopy.     

The evaluation of autofluorescence emission spectra derived from neuronal lipopigment

A method for measuring the emission spectra from regions of neuronal lipopigment in tissue sections is described and illustrated. Each emission spectrum was derived from the means of six sets of readings, from either six regions of lipopigment from six neurones which were presumed to be from a homogeneous cell population, or from one region of one neurone. Characteristics of the emission spectra from lipopigment in various forms of neuronal ceroid-lipofusinoses (NCLs) and in brains without evidence of NCL are presented and discussed. The results indicate that the classification of lipopigments should not be restricted to the two categories of ‘lipofuscin’ and ‘ceroid’. This method may aid the identification of various pathogenic mechanisms in neurones, and provide another means of investigating the effects of certain drugs on cerebral function.     

哲学自何处来？

数学和哲学的繁荣是全民族繁荣中不可缺少的重要部分，因此有必要追问和思考：哲学来自何处？数学与哲学最大的共同点在于都来自人的心灵。心灵中之所以能产生如此美丽的东西，是因为追求美与追求真是联系在一起的。真知并非源自“感性物质活动”，虽然有一些知识与物质的关系很密切。但数学和哲学都来自精神、来自心灵。这就是亚里士多德主张“闲暇”的原因。     

反求工程中基于图像的汽车零部件曲面的重建

从明暗恢复形状是计算机视觉中的一个重要的研究课题,其目的是利用单幅图像中明暗变化等信息来恢复其表面形状.本文提出的是一种基于汽车零部件曲面图像的三维数据模型重建方法,根据从明暗恢复形状原理实现汽车零部件灰度图像的深度信息提取,通过可视化编程实现建模过程.     

Canal wall thickness after preparation with NiTi rotary files

Root canal preparation is the most important phase of endodontic procedure and it consists of adequate canal space cleaning and shaping. In recent years, rotary instruments and techniques have gained importance because of the great efficacy, speed, and safety of the preparation procedure. AIM: The aim of this research was to investigate measurement of maximal and minimal residual dentine thickness (RDT) and canal diameter after the canal preparation with different NiTi rotary files. METHODS: The research has been conducted on extracted human teeth in vitro conditions. The teeth have been divided in seven groups (20 teeth per group) depending on the kind of instruments used for root canal preparation: ProTaper, GT, ProFile, K‐3, FlexMaster, hand ProTaper, and hand GT. The canals have been shaped in a crown‐down manner and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The roots of the teeth have been cut 1 and 3 mm from the apex. Apical preparation quality has been assessed under the polarized light microscope. RESULTS: The maximal residual dentine thickness at distance 1 mm from apex, ranged from 1.16 to 1.45 mm, and at distance 3 mm from apex, from 1.44 to 1.84 mm. The minimal dentine thickness at distance 1 mm from apex ranged from 0.52 to 0.73 mm, and at distance 3 mm from apex, from 0.66 to 0.83 mm. The canal diameters after preparation at distance 1 mm from apex ranged from 0.42 to 0.49 mm, and at distance 3 mm from apex, from 0.53 to 0.63 mm. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference neither in maximal and minimal RDT, nor in canal diameters shaped with different NiTi instruments tested. All tested NiTi files have accomplished good quality preparation of apical root canal parts. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Tool wear monitoring system for CNC end milling using a hybrid approach to cutting force regulation

A tool wear monitoring system is indispensable for better machining productivity, with the guarantee of machining safety by informing of the time due for changing a tool in automated and unmanned CNC machining. Different from monitoring methods using other signals, the monitoring of the spindle current has been used without requiring additional sensors on the machine tools. For reliable tool wear monitoring, only the current signal from tool wear should be extracted from the other parameters to avoid exhaustive analyses on signals in which all of the parameters are fused together. In this paper, the influences of force components from different parameters on the measured spindle current are investigated, and a hybrid approach to cutting force regulation is employed for tool wear signal extraction from the spindle current. Finally, wear levels are verified with experimental results by means of real-time feedrate aspects, varied to regulate the force component from tool wear.     

硼砂对硬质合金刀具钴浸出抑制作用的研究

通过试验,研究了含三乙醇胺的溶液对硬质合金中钴浸出的影响,探讨了钴的浸出机理,并选择出有效的抑制剂。结果表明:三乙醇胺对硬质合金中的钴有明显的浸出作用;油酸三乙醇胺对硬质合金刀片中钴的浸出有抑制作用;油酸三乙醇胺与硼砂复配,对硬质合金中钴浸出的抑制效果更佳。据此提出,使用油酸三乙醇胺与硼砂复配作为切削液的添加剂,可明显降低三乙醇胺对硬质合金刀具中钴的浸出作用,从而提高刀具使用寿命,降低切削液对人体健康的危害。     

剑杆织机空间连杆引纬机构载荷特性研究

为了研究剑杆织机空间连杆引纬机构对主轴产生的载荷的变化规律,运用Pro/E软件的机构分析功能,针对不同的空间连杆引纬机构,以主轴为等效构件,分析了引纬机构中各构件的等效转动惯量分布和变化规律,以及引纬机构的等效载荷等。研究结果表明：剑头、剑带、传剑轴的等效转动惯量占整个引纬机构的等效转动惯量的比例极大,而且随着门幅的加宽,所占比例增大;引纬机构的等效载荷主要来自于自身的惯性载荷。降低剑头、剑带及传剑轴的质量和转动惯量是高速织机发展的趋势。     

Hyperspectral data influenced by sample matrix: the importance of building relevant reference spectral libraries to map materials of interest

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and mapping are increasingly used for visualization and identification of nanoparticles (NPs) in a variety of matrices, including aqueous suspensions and biological samples. Reference spectral libraries (RSLs) contain hyperspectral data collected from materials of known composition and are used to detect the known materials in experimental samples through a one‐to‐one pixel “mapping” process. In some HSI studies, RSLs created from raw NPs were used to map NPs in experimental samples in a different matrix; for example, RSLs created from NPs in suspension to map NPs in biological tissue. Others have utilized RSLs created from NPs in the same matrix. However, few studies have systematically compared hyperspectral data as a function of the matrix in which the NPs are found and its impact on mapping results. The objective of this study is to compare RSLs created from metal oxide NPs in aqueous suspensions to RSLs created from the same NPs in rat tissues following in vivo inhalation exposure, and to investigate the differences in mapping that result from the use of each RSL. Results demonstrate that the spectral profiles of these NPs are matrix dependent: RSLs created from NPs in positive control tissues mapped to experimental tissues more appropriately than RSLs created from NPs in suspension. Aqueous suspension RSLs mapped 0‐602 out of 500,424 pixels per tissue image while tissue RSLs mapped 689‐18,435 pixels for the same images. This study underscores the need for appropriate positive controls for the creation of RSLs for mapping NPs in experimental samples.