基于 ICEEMDAN-MSE 的左室舒张功能 障碍心音信号的识别研究

左室舒张功能障碍(LVDD)加重会导致左室重构、室壁僵硬、顺应性降低，从而走向不可逆阶段并进展为射血分数保留型心力衰竭。为早期诊断LVDD,本文提出一种基于改进的自适应噪声完全集合经验模式分解(ICEEMDAN)多尺度样本熵(MSE)的心音特征结合逻辑回归模型的无创检测方法。首先，采用改进的小波去噪方法对心音信号进行预处理。其次，通过ICEEMDAN方法将非平稳的心音信号分解为多个反映心音本体特征的平稳的固有模态函数(IMF),再利用互相关系数准则筛选IMF,并提取所筛选IMF的MSE,以构成特征向量作为分类器的输入。最后，通过与其他3种分类模型的性能比较，将逻辑回归应用于LVDD识别。结果表明，该方法能有效提取心音特征，其准确率为89.85%,灵敏度为92.17%,特异度为87.63%,证明了采用心音信号对LVDD进行早期诊断的有效性。     

基于改进HHT和小波包理论的液压泵故障特征提取

针对液压泵振动信号出现的调制现象,该文提出一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和相关性分析的包络解调方法,并与基于小波包理论和Hilbert变换的包络解调方法进行了对比,通过分析某型装备液压泵在各种故障状态下的振动信号,成功提取了调制信号在高频谐振带的包络成分.通过两种方法的对比可以得出:两种方法都能较好的提取对象的故障特征,但改进EMD方法所提取到的故障特征更为准确,能量丢失较少.     

滚动轴承故障特征的时间—小波能量谱提取方法

振动信号中的周期性冲击现象是诊断滚动轴承各元件故障的重要依据之一,针对滚动轴承故障特征,在小波变换理论基础上提出一种时间—小波能量谱信号处理方法,它能够有效地提取出振动信号中冲击成分的时域和频域特征。利用时间—小波能量谱方法分析正常、外圈故障、内圈故障、滚珠故障等四种状态下滚动轴承的振动信号,并与传统的包络解调分析方法进行对比分析。时间—小波能量谱不仅可以有效提取出冲击特征明显的滚动轴承外圈故障,还能提取出内圈、滚珠等信号特征微弱的滚动轴承故障,而包络解调分析方法只能提取出外圈故障特征而不能提取出滚珠故障、内圈故障特征。结果表明,时间—小波能量普比包络解调分析方法更能有效地提取出振动信号中的冲击信号成分。     

一种改进的LCD滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

为了有效提取出滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征,提出一种基于分段三次Hermite插值?局部特征尺度分解PCHIP?LCD的故障特征提取方法.采用分段三次Hermite插值代替LCD中的三次样条插值(Cubic spline interpolation,CSI),提出了改进的LCD方法,完成振动信号x(t)分解,获得若干内禀尺度分量(Intrinsic scale components,ISCs);建立基于峭度和相关系数K?C组合权重指标的有效ISCs分量筛选规则,完成ISCs分量的选择和重构,获得重构信号xnew(t);对重构信号xnew(t)进行Teager能量算子(Teager energy operator,TEO)解调分析,获得TEO解调能量谱图,进而实现滚动轴承的故障特征提取.结果表明,该方法可增强对信号的包络拟合能力,提高信号的分解精度.     

改进的TQWT在滚动轴承早期故障诊断的应用

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征信息十分微弱难以提取以及可调品质因子小波变换(tunable Q-factor wavelet transform,简称TQWT)参数设置依赖使用者经验的问题,提出改进的TQWT的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。首先,设定Q因子的区间范围,利用TQWT对滚动轴承故障振动信号进行分解得到若干个分量;其次,对各分量进行包络导数能量算子解调,在能量谱中根据特征频率强度系数这一指标自适应地确定TQWT的最佳分解参数,实现对故障信号的最优分解;最后,通过对最佳分量的包络导数能量谱分析即可准确地提取到轴承故障特征信息。通过对仿真信号、实验数据以及工程案例分析表明,该方法能够有效提取滚动轴承早期微弱故障特征并准确判断出滚动轴承故障类型,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

载荷影响下的机电阻抗协整结构损伤识别方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征信息十分微弱难以提取以及可调品质因子小波变换(tunable Q-factor wavelet transform，简称TQWT)参数设置依赖使用者经验的问题，提出改进的TQWT的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。首先，设定Q因子的区间范围，利用TQWT对滚动轴承故障振动信号进行分解得到若干个分量；其次，对各分量进行包络导数能量算子解调，在能量谱中根据特征频率强度系数这一指标自适应地确定TQWT的最佳分解参数，实现对故障信号的最优分解；最后，通过对最佳分量的包络导数能量谱分析即可准确地提取到轴承故障特征信息。通过对仿真信号、实验数据以及工程案例分析表明，该方法能够有效提取滚动轴承早期微弱故障特征并准确判断出滚动轴承故障类型，具有一定的工程应用价值。     

综合改进奇异谱分解和奇异值分解的齿轮故障特征提取方法

针对齿轮故障特征微弱，在强背景噪声下难以有效提取的问题，提出了一种改进奇异谱分解（ISSD）结合奇异值分解（SVD）的齿轮故障特征提取方法。针对奇异谱分解（SSD）算法中模态参数需凭经验选取的缺陷，基于散布熵优化算法对SSD算法进行了改进，在得到既定的一组奇异谱分量的基础上，根据峭度值最大准则筛选出了最佳奇异谱分量并进行了SVD处理，采用奇异值能量标准谱自适应地确定了信号重构阶数以还原信号和提高降噪效果。最后对信号进行包络解调以提取齿轮故障特征，将所提方法运用到仿真信号和齿轮实测信号中，并同传统包络谱、SSD包络谱以及经验模态分解结合SVD(EMD-SVD)方法进行了对比分析，结果表明，所提方法的降噪和特征提取效果更佳，能够更加有效地实现齿轮故障的判别。     

基于嵌入式系统的便携式心音分析仪的研究

心音作为一种人体重要声信号，在心血管疾病研究中具有重要价值。本研究开发了一种基于嵌入式计算机、用于采集并分析心音信号（PCG）的便携式辅助诊断系统，实现了以下功能：心音及同步心音信号的双通道采集，准确实现心音定位；病人信息和心音数据的数据库管理；心音信号波形回放及声音回放。更为重要的是，该系统能对心音和心杂音进行能量和时频特性分析，获取心音信号的时频特征，对心脏病进行辅助诊断。该仪器体积小、成本低、使用灵活方便，特别是对一些因患心脏疾病而不方便行动的病人可实行床旁动态监护。     

改进的CEEMDAN故障诊断算法及在加工装备中的应用

轴承的故障诊断是保证设备安全运行的重要手段。故障诊断的关键是振动信号解调的方法。自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)是一种自适应信号处理方法,在非线性非平稳信号中有较好的解调性能。本文提出一种基于峭度准则改进的CEEMDAN故障诊断算法。具体步骤如下:首先,采用基于峭度准则改进的CEEMDAN方法提取有用的模态分量信号;之后,将筛选出来的模态信号叠加并通过Teager能量算子得到输出的能量信号;最后,对信号进行包络谱分析提取故障特征频率,从而实现故障诊断。通过仿真和加工装备部件的试验验证,改进的方法在实际应用中具有一定的实用价值。     

基于Teager边界谱心音身份识别的特征提取算法

心音信号是一种典型的非平稳信号,传统信号处理方法的应用受到很大限制。该文提出通过双自适应提升小波对心音信号去噪处理和提取心音信号的Teager-Huang边界谱作为特征参数用于身份的识别。双自适应提升小波采用自适应更新和自适应预测构造小波函数,通过将传统的硬阈值和软阈值函数相结合,构造了一个改进的阈值函数进行心音信号去噪处理,表现出良好的去噪效果,并增强了信号的局部特征。Teager能量算子能对单分量IMF的幅值和频率进行解调,并以此追踪到信号的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,而且基于EEMD和Teager-Huang变换的THT谱比HHT谱具有较高的时频分辨率,且计算量少,优于HHT谱。     

Microscopic abnormality classification of cardiac murmurs using ANFIS and HMM

Auscultation of heart dispenses identification of the cardiac valves. An electronic stethoscope is used for the acquisition of heart murmurs that is further classified into normal or abnormal murmurs. The process of heart sound segmentation involves discrete wavelet transform to obtain individual components of the heart signal and its separation into systole and diastole intervals. This research presents a novel scheme to develop a semi‐automatic cardiac valve disorder diagnosis system. Accordingly, features are extracted using wavelet transform and spectral analysis of input signals. The proposed classification scheme is the fusion of adaptive‐neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and HMM. Both classifiers are trained using the extracted features to correctly identify normal and abnormal heart murmurs. Experimental results thus achieved exhibit that proposed system furnishes promising classification accuracy with excellent specificity and sensitivity. However, the proposed system has fewer classification errors, fewer computations, and lower dimensional feature set to build an intelligent system for detection and classification of heart murmurs.     

FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF ROTATING MACHINERY THROUGH VISUALISATION OF SOUND SIGNALS

As a method for diagnosing faults in rotating machinery, attention is being focused on changes in the sound signals generated by bearings. This provides the advantage of making it easier to set up sensors, since sound signals can be measured at a location some distance from the housing of the bearing. However, the signal-to-noise ratio is low compared with the vibration acceleration, which makes it difficult to identify any characteristic difference between the sound signals generated by normal and faulty bearings. This report describes a symmetrised dot pattern (SDP) method, which visualises sound signals in a diagrammatic representation. Using SDP to visualize sound signals measured for fans, it was possible to distinguish differences between normal and faulty bearings. Moreover, through the analysis of sound signals in the time-frequency domain and wavelet analysis, the signal component indicative of a fault was identified. When sound signals were modified by removing the above component, SDP with the modified faulty signal resembled the non-faulty case.     

小波包和小波脊线相结合的解调方法在液压泵故障诊断中的应用

针对轴向柱塞泵故障振动信号呈现出的非平稳和非线性特点,提出了一种基于小波包能量法与小波脊线法相结合的信号解调方法,将其用于液压泵故障诊断中的信号解调过程。该方法首先对原始振动信号进行功率谱分析,明确故障振动信号反映出的能量集中频带带宽;根据确定的带宽和原始信号分析频率设定小波包分解的层数,采用小波包能量法提取出分解系数对应频带能量最大的特征信息进行信号重构;利用小波脊线法对重构后的频带信号进行解调处理,通过信号的包络解调谱提取故障的特征频率,利用解调后的时频谱对液压泵单柱塞滑靴磨损、斜盘磨损以及中心弹簧故障进行分析。通过实验结果验证,该方法能有效地对液压泵的故障信号进行解调,并能找出反映故障的敏感特征频率。     

The application of energy operator demodulation approach based on EMD in machinery fault diagnosis

An energy operator demodulation approach based on EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) is proposed to extract the instantaneous frequencies and amplitudes of the multi-component amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated (AM-FM) signals. Furthermore the proposed approach is applied to machinery fault diagnosis. Firstly, EMD method is used to decompose a multi-component AM-FM signal into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IFMs). Secondly, the energy operator demodulation method is applied to each IMF and the instantaneous amplitudes and frequencies of a multi-component AM-FM signal are extracted. Finally, the spectrum analysis is applied to each instantaneous amplitude in order to obtain envelope spectra from which the mechanical fault can be diagnosed. The analysis results show that the energy operator demodulation approach based on EMD can extract the characteristic of machinery fault vibration signals efficiently.     

基于小波能谱系数的风力机疲劳裂纹特征

提出了风力机叶片裂纹扩展声发射信号的优化小波重分配尺度谱及小波能谱系数相结合的分析法。基于Shannon熵理论计算裂纹扩展声发射信号的重分配尺度谱小波基函数带宽参数,得到最适合裂纹声发射信号的Morlet小波基函数。用优化后的小波基函数计算重分配尺度谱,获得裂纹扩展特征成分在时间尺度平面的高幅值能量分布,利用特征能谱系数表征其重分配尺度谱的特征。实验结果表明,该方法有良好的时频聚集性和抗噪能力,实现了风力机叶片裂纹扩展声发射信号的时频特征提取,得到了能谱系数作为特征向量表示信号特征。该方法可用来实现风力机叶片在复杂环境中的模式识别。     

基于DEMD和对称差分能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对机械故障振动信号多为调制信号的特点,为了更好地提取多分量调幅调频信号的幅值和频率信息,提出了基于微分的经验模式分解(DEMD)与对称差分能量算子相结合的解调方法。利用DEMD算法将原始振动信号进行分解,得到若干个单分量信号;对每一个单分量信号进行三点对称差分能量算子解调,得到各单分量信号的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,并计算出包络谱。将该方法应用于仿真信号和滚动轴承故障信号的诊断,实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提取机械故障信号的故障特征,实现旋转机械故障诊断。     

Improved CICA algorithm used for single channel compound fault diagnosis of rolling bearings

A Compound fault signal usually contains multiple characteristic signals and strong confusion noise, which makes it difficult to separate week fault signals from them through conventional ways, such as FFT-based envelope detection, wavelet transform or empirical mode decomposition individually. In order to realize single channel compound fault diagnosis of bearings and improve the diagnosis accuracy, an improved CICA algorithm named constrained independent component analysis based on the energy method (E-CICA) is proposed. With the approach, the single channel vibration signal is firstly decomposed into several wavelet coefficients by discrete wavelet transform(DWT) method for the purpose of obtaining multichannel signals. Then the envelope signals of the reconstructed wavelet coefficients are selected as the input of E-CICA algorithm, which fulfills the requirements that the number of sensors is greater than or equal to that of the source signals and makes it more suitable to be processed by CICA strategy. The frequency energy ratio(ER) of each wavelet reconstructed signal to the total energy of the given synchronous signal is calculated, and then the synchronous signal with maximum ER value is set as the reference signal accordingly. By this way, the reference signal contains a priori knowledge of fault source signal and the influence on fault signal extraction accuracy which is caused by the initial phase angle and the duty ratio of the reference signal in the traditional CICA algorithm is avoided. Experimental results show that E-CICA algorithm can effectively separate out the outer-race defect and the rollers defect from the single channel compound fault and fulfill the needs of compound fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, and the running time is 0.12% of that of the traditional CICA algorithm and the extraction accuracy is 1.4 times of that of CICA as well. The proposed research provides a new method to separate single channel compound fault signals.     

Rolling element bearing fault detection based on optimal antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet

The presence of periodical impulses in vibration signals usually indicates the occurrence of rolling element bearing faults. Unfortunately, detecting the impulses of incipient faults is a difficult job because they are rather weak and often interfered by heavy noise and higher-level macro-structural vibrations. Therefore, a proper signal processing method is necessary. We proposed a differential evolution (DE) optimization and antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet (ARLW) filter-based method to extract the impulsive features buried in noisy vibration signals. The wavelet used in paper is developed from the fault characteristic signal model based on the idea of sparse representation in time-frequency domain. We first filter the original vibration signal using DE-optimized ARLW filter to eliminate the interferential vibrations and suppress random noise, then, demodulate the filtered signal and calculate its envelope spectrum. The analysis results of the simulation signals and real fault bearing vibration signals showed that the proposed method can effectively extract weak fault features.     

基于小波包的全信息解调方法及其应用

针对旋转机械故障信号的振动特点,将小波包络解调与基于数据融合技术的全矢谱相结合,提出一种诊断旋转机械调制信号的分析方法。首先,对安装在转子同一截面不同方向上的传感器信息同步整周期采样,对来自不同方向的时域信号分别采用小波包进行分解并重构,以实现带通滤波的效果;然后,采用全矢谱技术对两组重构信号进行数据融合;最后,对合成后的信号做包络解调分析。通过仿真研究和工程实例分析可以得出,对来自同一截面、不同方向的时域信号分别作小波包络谱分析时,两者在能量分布和频谱结构上存在着较大差别,以致造成提取故障信息的不完整或造成误判、漏判。基于小波包的全信息解调分析方法通过对同源的双通道信号的有效融合,可全面地反映出信号中包含的不同调制信息。与基于全矢谱的传统包络解调分析进行对比分析,具有较好的分析结果和可信度。     

基于RSGWPT-LCD的轴承信号故障特征提取及模式识别

为了有效提取滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征和提高分类识别精度,提出了一种基于冗余二代小波包变换-局部特征尺度分解(redundant second generation wavelet packet transform-local characteristic scale decomposition,简称RSGWPT-LCD)和极限学习机(extreme learning machine,简称ELM)相结合的故障特征提取和分类识别方法。首先,利用希尔伯特变换对原始振动信号进行处理,得到包络信号;其次,基于双层筛选机制,结合冗余二代小波包变换(redundant second generation wavelet packet transform,简称RSGWPT)和局部特征尺度分解(local characteristic-scale decomposition,简称LCD)方法对包络信号进行分解,筛选出包含主要信息的内禀尺度分量(intrinsic scale components,简称ISCs);然后,对提取的各ISCs分量构建初始特征矩阵并进行奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,简称SVD),将得到的奇异值作为表征各损伤信号的特征向量;最后,以提取的特征向量为输入样本,建立ELM模式分类器对滚动轴承损伤信号进行识别。信号仿真和实测数据表明,该方法可有效提取振动信号故障特征,提高分类识别精度,实现滚动轴承故障诊断。