纳米碳酸钙颗粒作为钛基脂添加剂的摩擦学性能

采用四球摩擦磨损试验机研究纳米碳酸钙作为复合钛基脂添加剂的摩擦磨损性能，利用X射线光电子能谱仪分析试验后钢球磨斑表面主要元素的化学状态，用扫描电子显微镜观察钢球的磨斑表面形貌。结果表明：纳米碳酸钙作为复合钛基脂添加剂具有明显的减摩抗磨效果；其中纳米碳酸钙质量分数为时3%复合钛基脂具有佳的减摩抗磨效果，与纯钛基脂相比，可使平均摩擦因数降低14.9 %，磨斑直径降低35.1%。在添加纳米碳酸钙的复合钛基脂润滑下，钢球磨斑表面形成了由纳米碳酸钙分解生成的CaO、钛基脂分解生成的TiO2，以及Fe2O3、FeO等无机化合物成分组成的多孔状保护膜，这层保护膜阻止了摩擦表面的直接接触，起到了有效的减摩抗磨效果。     

含纳米PTFE颗粒润滑脂的润滑性能研究

在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察纳米PTFE颗粒作为添加剂对复合钛基润滑脂摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜分析试验钢球磨斑的表面形貌,并利用X射线光电子能谱仪检测磨斑表面化学元素的组成及状态。结果表明,在一定添加量范围内,纳米PTFE可以改善复合钛基润滑脂的摩擦磨损性能,其中纳米PTFE质量分数为3%时,复合钛基润滑脂具有最佳的抗磨、减摩性能,可使摩擦因数、磨斑直径分别降低约25.4%和18.9%。纳米PTFE颗粒在钢球表面发生摩擦化学反应,生成了一层金属氟化物,有效地抑制了摩擦表面的黏着磨损和接触疲劳。     

表面修饰ZrO2纳米颗粒对液体石蜡抗磨性能的影响

采用原位修饰方法制备了双烷基二硫代磷酸盐(DDP)表面修饰的ZrO2纳米颗粒,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了ZrO2/DDP复合纳米微粒用于添加剂的摩擦学行为。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量散射谱仪(EDS)观察、分析了磨斑表面形貌,并探讨了复合纳米微粒添加剂的润滑作用机制。摩擦磨损结果表明,ZrO2/DDP复合纳米微粒添加剂具有优良的抗磨损性能,能显著提高液体石蜡的失效载荷;表面分析结果表明,在摩擦过程中ZrO2/DDP复合纳米微粒聚集在边界润滑膜中,对磨损表面起到修复作用。     

添加纳米磁性微粒的润滑油摩擦学行为研究

用化学方法制备纳米MnZnFe2O4磁性微粒，在四球摩擦磨损试验机和立式万能摩擦磨损试验机上考察了MnZnFe2O4纳米磁性微粒作为润滑油添加剂的抗磨减摩性能及对磨损表面的修复作用，并用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了磨斑表面形貌。实验表明，MnZnFe2O4纳米微粒添加剂可以显著提高基础油的承载能力，减小磨斑直径；磁性颗粒有利于加强吸附在摩擦副表面上形成物理吸附膜，并在摩擦表面形成自修复膜，对磨损表面具有一定的修复作用。     

纳米二氧化硅对锂基润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯为原料制备了纳米二氧化硅微粒,通过透射电子显微镜对其结构进行了表征,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定了添加不同含量纳米二氧化硅锂基润滑脂摩擦学性能,采用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌。结果表明:制备的纳米二氧化硅是粒径为60 nm左右的球形微粒,具有很高的表面能和表面活性;纳米二氧化硅作为锂基润滑脂添加剂能够提高最大无卡咬负荷和烧结负荷,降低摩擦因数,添加量为2.0%(质量分数)时的润滑剂性能最好,相对应的钢球磨斑直径最小,摩擦因数最低。     

含纳米CuO锂基润滑脂摩擦学性能研究

为改善锂基润滑脂摩擦学性能,制备不同添加量纳米CuO改性的锂基润滑脂。采用3H-2000PS2比表面及微孔分析仪对纳米CuO粒子进行表征,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机分析纳米CuO添加量对锂基润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和三维形貌分析仪分析试验后钢球磨痕形貌。结果表明:纳米CuO质量分数为0.60%时锂基润滑脂具有最佳的抗磨减摩效果,摩擦因数和磨斑直径较基础脂分别降低24%和12%;一定添加量下,纳米CuO对磨损表面具有修复作用,含质量分数0.60%纳米氧化铜的润滑脂润滑时,磨损表面具有较低的表面粗糙度和较少的犁沟,表现出最佳的抗磨性能。     

多孔ZnS纳米片的制备及其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

以ZnCl2、硫脲(CS(NH2)2)和乙二胺为原料,采用溶剂热法合成ZnS(en)0.5片状前驱物,通过350℃退火处理得到纤锌矿结构的多孔ZnS纳米片;采用XRD、SEM和FT-IR测试样品的结构和形貌;使用油酸对其进行表面修饰,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察其作为500SN基础润滑油添加剂的摩擦学行为。研究结果表明:多孔ZnS纳米片作为添加剂能够明显改善500SN基础油的减摩抗磨性能,降低摩擦因数和磨斑直径;摩擦因数和磨斑直径均随多孔ZnS纳米片的添加量的增加先降低后升高,多孔ZnS纳米片的最佳添加量为0.125%(质量分数)。     

二维层状Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

采用水热反应制备出β-Ni(OH)2,然后通过水热还原得到Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合粉体材料,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的相结构、成分及形貌进行表征分析。采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价制备的Ni/β-Ni(OH)2作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,基础油为PAO6。摩擦试验后,采用SEM分析典型试验钢球磨斑的表面形貌,利用能谱仪(EDS)研究磨斑表面化学元素的组成,探讨Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨机制。结果表明:Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料作为润滑添加剂具有极好的减摩抗磨性能,显著优于基础油PAO6和未负载纳米Ni的二维β-Ni(OH)2层状材料;与基础油相比,添加0.1%质量分数Ni/β-Ni(OH)2添加剂的油样的摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别降低了17.6%和41.5%;Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合粉体综合了纳米Ni及层状β-Ni(OH)2两部分结构特性,在摩擦过程中,复合材料中的纳米金属粒子Ni与层状结构材料β-Ni(OH)2能够相互增强起到协同润滑作用。     

表面修饰硼酸镁纳米微粒的制备及其在水中的润滑性能

用化学沉淀法制备了油酸三乙醇胺修饰的硼酸镁纳米微粒,并用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪等对微粒进行了表征;采用四球摩擦磨损试验机研究了其在水溶液中的润滑,用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨斑表面形貌,用X射线光电子能谱分析了磨斑表面的化学成分。结果表明:所制备的硼酸镁纳米微粒粒径为40~60 nm,并且表面修饰剂与纳米微粒发生了化学反应;纳米微粒在摩擦副表面形成了一层润滑膜;在摩擦副表面检测出镁、硼、铁等的氧化物,这些氧化物保护膜起到良好的润滑作用。     

纳米ZnS粒子作为润滑油添加剂摩擦学性能研究

采用均匀沉淀法制备了硬脂酸修饰的纳米ZnS粒子,用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对磨斑进行了表面分析.结果表明:在一定添加量范围内,硬脂酸修饰的纳米ZnS粒子可明显改善基础油的摩擦学性能;在摩擦过程中,纳米ZnS粒子在摩擦表面的沉积和通过摩擦化学反应生成的化学反应膜,显著提高了基础油的抗磨减摩性能.     

膨胀石墨的表面改性及作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能

用超声波对蠕虫石墨进行处理得到蠕虫石墨和纳米石墨薄片混合体的膨胀石墨润滑油添加剂,并利用氰基丙烯酸乙酯进行原位改性。用X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）和热分析（TGA-DSC）等仪器分析了添加剂的组成和结构,表明制备的膨胀石墨润滑油添加剂保持了天然石墨的晶体结构,其表面聚合有聚氰基丙烯酸乙酯的有机层,添加入基础油中其层间吸附有大量基础油。利用四球机考察了添加剂在AN10全损耗系统用油中的摩擦磨损性能,表明膨胀石墨润滑油添加剂能提高润滑油的抗磨性能及承载能力,并能降低摩擦因数,其最佳用量约为0.2%。     

新型含氮、硫杂环有机硼酸酯在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能研究

从分子设计的观点出发,合成了一种新型含氮、硫杂环有机硼酸酯润滑油添加剂2-硫酮苯并噻唑啉-3-甲基二异辛基硼酸酯（ITTB）。采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价了其摩擦学性能。结果表明：在菜籽油（RO）中加入添加剂以后,其承载能力明显提高,磨斑直径和摩擦因数均显著降低。从磨斑表面SEM,XPS分析结果可以推断,添加剂在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学降解反应,硫元素在钢球的表面形成了一层含Fe2（SO4）3和FeS2的反应膜,氮、硼元素则以吸附膜的形式存在于摩擦表面,2种膜的共同作用提高了菜籽油的减摩抗磨性能及承载能力。     

N-酰基谷氨酸在矿物油中的摩擦学性能研究

分别在油酸和月桂酸分子中引入氮,合成了2种新型的含氮润滑油添加剂——N-油酰基谷氨酸和N-月桂酰基谷氨酸。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了2种添加剂作为HVI350矿物基础油极压抗磨添加剂时的摩擦学性能,通过测定不同条件下的最大无卡咬负荷和磨斑直径及摩擦因数,分析和研究了载荷、摩擦时间、添加剂含量对矿物油最大无卡咬负荷和磨斑直径及摩擦因数的影响。试验结果表明:2种添加剂均可以明显提高基础油的承载能力和抗磨减摩性能,添加剂N-油酰基谷氨酸在矿物油中的承载能力明显优于N-月桂酰基谷氨酸,而N-月桂酰基谷氨酸对提高矿物基础油抗磨减摩性能的效果好于添加剂N-油酰基谷氨酸。试验还表明添加剂的含量并非越高越好,否则磨斑直径将增大。     

加氢精制和异构脱蜡基础油的摩擦学性能和抗氧化性能比较

分别对加氢精制和异构脱蜡方法得到的两种基础油以及在添加剂状态下的摩擦学性能进行了测试，同时对其抗氧化性能进行了分析试验。结果表明，异构脱蜡油对添加剂的溶解性和抗紫外线能力均优异：基础油和复配后的异构脱蜡油的承载能力不如加氢精制油，但抗磨减摩能力相差不大；异构脱蜡油加入SJ汽油机油复合添加剂后抗氧化性能好于加氢精制油，但加入CF4柴油机油复剂后，抗氧化性能不如加氢精制油，因此异构脱蜡油代替加氢精制油还需对添加剂进行重新复配。     

Tribological performance of phosphonium based ionic liquids for an aluminum-on-steel system and opinions on lubrication mechanism

A series of asymmetrical tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquids were synthesized and evaluated as a new kind of lubricant for the contacts of steel/Al using an Optimol SRV oscillating friction and wear tester in ambient condition. The phosphonium ionic liquid shows excellent tribological performance and is superior to the conventional ionic liquids 1-ethy-3-hexylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (P206) in terms of anti-wear performance and load-carrying capacity. The chemical compositions of the boundary film generated on different contact surfaces were analyzed on a scanning electron microscope with a Kevex energy dispersive X-ray analyzer attachment (SEM/EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The friction-reduction and anti-wear mechanism were proposed to originate from the layered structure of ionic liquid under boundary lubrication and the tribochemical reaction of anions with the fresh surface, respectively.     

Effect of tetraalkylphosphonium based ionic liquids as lubricants on the tribological performance of a steel-on-steel system

A series of asymmetrical tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquids were synthesized and evaluated as a new kind of lubricant for the contact of steel/steel using an Optimol SRV oscillating friction and wear tester in ambient condition. The phosphonium ionic liquid shows excellent tribological performance when being used as the lubricating oil, and is superior to the conventional high temperature lubricants X-1P and perfluoropolyether (PFPE) in terms of anti-wear performance and load-carrying capacity. The chemical compositions of the boundary film generated on different contact surfaces were analyzed on a scanning electron microscope with a Kevex energy dispersive X-ray analyzer attachment (SEM/EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The friction–reduction and anti-wear mechanism of tetraalkylphosphonium as the lubricant were proposed to originate from the active elements P in the tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquids reacting with the fresh surface to form a reaction film onto specimen surface, an extreme-pressure film with lower shearing strength, which leads to lower friction coefficient, and good wear resistance.     

Tribological Behaviour of Plasma-Functionalized Graphene as Low-Viscosity Oil Additive

The influence of plasma functionalization of multilayer graphene (MG) as an additive for low-viscosity polyolester (POE) oil in terms of dispersion stability and tribological behaviour was investigated. Pure MG and MG functionalized via N2 and NH3 plasma were analysed. The plasma functionalization significantly improved the substrate wettability and the dispersion stability of the nanofluids. The tribological behaviour of the nanofluids was investigated using a reciprocating cylinder on plane configuration. 0.05 wt% of the functionalized nanoparticles dramatically increased the scuffing resistance and significantly improved the anti-wear properties of the POE oil (over 60% wear reduction). Optical microscopy, white light interferometry, scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to identify the wear mechanisms. The functionalization provides a well-dispersed suspension, which contributes to the formation of a continuous and homogeneous anti-wear tribofilm. Once between the sliding surfaces, the MG improves the load-carrying capacity of the oil, avoiding the seizure of the tribolayer.     

Tribological behavior of fullerene–styrene sulfonic acid copolymer as water-based lubricant additive

A novel fullerene–styrene sulfonic acid copolymer was synthesized. The tribological properties of base stock (2 wt.% triethanolamine aqueous solution) containing the fullerene copolymer were measured using a four-ball tribotester. Experiments indicated that the anti-wear performance and load-carrying capacity of the base stock were raised and its friction coefficient was decreased. Then, the surface of worn scar was investigated by using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Finally, its lubrication mechanism was deduced preliminarily.     

双羟基硬脂酸在蓖麻油中的润滑性能的研究

利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了所合成的双羟基硬脂酸在蓖麻油中的摩擦学性能．并用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了磨斑表面的形貌。结果表明：双羟基硬脂酸添加剂可以显著改善蓖麻油的抗磨减摩性能和极压性能；含上述添加剂的蓖麻油在摩擦过程中发生了化学吸附反应，在摩擦表面形成了含双羟基硬脂酸的吸附膜．从而改善了蓖麻油的摩擦学性能。     

Tribological properties of fluorine-containing additives of silicone oil

An oil soluble fluorine-containing octadecylamine salt of decapentylfluorooctanoic acid was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and ¹⁹F NMR. The thermal stability of octadecylamine salt of decapentylfluorooctanoic acid was measured by a thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The anti-wear and friction-reducing properties of the amine salt as a silicone-based lubricating oil additive were evaluated using a four-ball tribotester. The results indicated that both the wear resistance and the load-carrying capacity of a silicone-based lubricating oil 4609 shock absorption liquid were improved and the friction coefficient was decreased by the additive. The wear scar, after being cleaned using an ultrasonic bath in petroleum ether, was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). It was found that the boundary film on the worn surface was composed of fluorine-containing organic film and iron fluoride such as FeF₂, which provided the oil with improved anti-wear and friction-reducing properties.