频谱谐波时效在旋挖钻机桅杆上的应用研究

振动时效消除残余应力是采用机械方法调整残余应力的一种工艺,其中频谱谐波振动时效技术通过对工件进行频谱分析,优选出对消除工件残余应力效果最佳的5种不同振型的谐波频率进行时效处理,达到多维消除残余应力和提高尺寸精度稳定性的目的。本文应用频谱谐波技术对旋挖钻机的桅杆进行了振动时效处理,并采用盲孔应力释放法测试了工件振动时效前后的残余应力。结果表明,频谱谐波振动时效技术能够有效降低并均化桅杆的残余应力,可广泛用于大型焊接构件的消除残余应力处理。     

振动时效的发展与应用

1．振动时效原理 振动消除应力简称VSR（Vibratory Stress Relief）,它是利用-受控振动能量对金属工件进行处理,达到消除工件残余应力的目的。     

超声波冲击处理在消除装载机动臂焊缝残余应力中的应用

对装载机动臂中的焊缝进行消除残余应力试验,得出振动时效方法可以消除焊缝30-50%的残余应力,而采用超声波冲击的方法可以100%消除焊缝中的残余应力,并植入有益的压应力。在实际生产过程中,可以采用振动时效+超声波冲击的方法消除工件中的残余应力,即先用振动时效整体消除工件残余应力,然后再利用超声波冲击的方法对关键焊缝进行消应力处理。     

新型曲轴振动时效装置的设计

曲轴作为内燃机核心部件,质量的好坏将决定内燃机的性能的高低。而曲轴加工过程中产生的残余应力会直接影响到曲轴的质量。目前常用的曲轴消除残余应力的方式热时效方式的处理时间长、能耗高的缺点一直无法有效解决,特别有些曲轴还无法运用热时效的方式消除残余应力。而振动时效是消除工件残余应力的一种有效手段,避免了热时效的缺点。依据工件内部的残余应力和振动产生的动应力的叠加达到或超过材料屈服强度的"Wozney&Crawmer"准则,求出在激振器以轴弯曲振动固有频率激励下轴类零件产生弯曲振型的主共振,解决现有装置产生动应力达不到消减残余应力要求的难题,且轴两端变形量也有很大提高,同时轴的动应力分布更加均匀,从而能有效地消减轴类零件的残余应力。     

基于VB和Matlab混编的振动时效系统研究

针对现有部分振动时效控制系统存在的灵活性差、自动化程度低等问题,对振动时效系统中的数据采集、激振电机控制、变频器控制等方面问题进行了研究,对频谱分析法判定工件固有频率的理论依据进行了推导。采用VB和Matlab混编构建了振动时效控制系统,结合数据采集卡、变频器和激振电机等,开发出了振动时效系统。设计了包括数据采集模块和激振电机模块等硬件系统以及包括人机交互界面、扫频模块、频谱分析模块和时效处理模块的控制系统。利用振动时效前后残余应力实测对比法,对振动时效效果进行了定量评定。研究结果表明,经过该系统处理的试件残余应力平均下降了46.62%,达到了振动时效消除残余应力标准,证明了系统的有效性;并且该系统开发周期短、自动化程度较高。     

大型数控机床低应力高精度床身铸造技术

以某公司生产的大型机床床身铸件为研究对象,研究通过在床身铸件铸造过程中,应用高频振动工艺控制铸件的凝固过程,改善铸件的金相组织和相组成均一性,进而改善床身铸件的尺寸精度。通过高频振动对大型床身铸件进行凝固晶粒细化消除内应力根源,同时应用热处理时效进一步进行应力消除,再利用盲孔法检测铸件的残余应力。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察材料的显微结构,并进行相应的相结构和成分分析。结果显示,床身铸件应用振动凝固工艺,有效地消除工件内部的残余应力,经振动凝固可有避免凝固过程中的残余应力28.72%。床身铸件经热时效处理后,应力消除92.64%。综合应用振动凝固工艺及热处理时效之后,其II类残余应力有效消除≥95%。它为生产该类型产品提供技术参考和指导。     

振动时效工艺在大型焊件上的应用

构件中的残余应力是一种不稳定的力学参量,它的存在使得构件在循环应力或外界条件改变时,工件局部产生大的塑性变形,尤其是大型焊件,从而影响工件的正常使用。而振动时效就是利用激振器以机械的方式向工件辅入能量,并利用共振原理,激迫工件在固有频率附近振动或共振,使振动应力与工件内部应力叠加,使材料晶体内部产生细小的塑性变形,从而降低并均化残余应力,获得类似于热时效的效果。下面就将我们研制成功的纵梁振动时效工艺作一简单的介绍。     

振动时效过程模拟与分析

由于缺乏对振动时效机理的有效解释,通过振动时效消除残余应力的方法一直未得到广泛应用。采用有限元法对焊接件残余应力的产生及振动消除过程进行了数值模拟,分析了激振力和激振频率等振动时效工艺参数对残余应力消除程度的影响。仿真结果表明,无论构件是否达到共振状态,只有产生一定的微观塑性变形残余应力才能得以释放;一阶模态能在最小的激振力下消除残余应力,是振动时效的最佳选择,而在其它频率,应力消除率取决于激振力的大小。     

振动时效工艺在大型焊接结构件中的应用

论述了振动时效的原理和工艺方法,比较了振动时效和自然时效、热时效在消除工件内部产生的残余应力优缺点,指出了振动时效在各类典型工件中应用的措施和经济效益。     

频谱谐波时效技术进化论——访北京翔博科技有限责任公司销售总监储庆华女士

北京翔博科技有限责任公司是一家中外合作企业,拥有目前全球最先进的频谱谐波时效专利技术。研制生产的"领航者频谱谐波时效专家系统"解决了振动消除应力技术起源几十年未解决的障碍性难题,可逐步取代以消除应力为目的的热时效技术。频谱谐波时效技术是通过傅立叶分析方法对金属工件进行频谱分析,找出工件的几十种谐波频率,从中优选出效果最佳的五种不同振型谐波频率进行处理,达到多维消除残余应力的目的,提高尺寸精     

Prediction of residual stress distribution in multi-stacked thin film by curvature measurement and iterative FEA

In this study, residual stress distribution in multi-stacked film by MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical System) process is predicted using Finite Element method FEMi. We develop a finite element program for residual stress analysis (RESA) in multi-stacked film. The RESA predicts the distribution of residual stress field in multi-stacked film. Curvatures of multistacked film and single layers which consist of the multi-stacked film are used as the input to the RESA. To measure those curvatures is easier than to measure a distribution of residual stress. To verify the RESA. mean stresses and stress gradients of single and multilayers are measured. The mean stresses are calculated from curvatures of deposited wafer by using Stoney’s equation. The stress gradients are calculated from the vertical deflection at the end of cantilever beam. To measure the mean stress of each layer in multi-stacked film, we measure the curvature of wafer with the left film after etching layer by layer in multi-stacked film.     

A study of the development of the stress optic law of photoelastic experiment considering residual stress

Photoelastic experiment has two significant problems. The first problem is manufacturing a model specimen for complicated shapes of structures. The second problem is residual stress contained in the photoelastic model material. In this paper, the stress optic law that can be effecitvely used on photoelastic model materials with residual stress is developed. By using the stress optic law as developed in this research, we can obtain good results in photoelastic experiments using model material in which residual stress is contained. It is assured that the stress optic law developed in this research is useful. Therefore, it is suggested that the stress optic law considering residual stress can be applied to the photoelastic experiment for the stress analysis of the composite materials or bi-materials in which the residual stress is easily contained.     

FEM analysis of plasticity-induced error on measurement of welding residual stress by the contour method

The contour method relies on deformations that occur when a residually stressed component is cut along a plane. The method is based on the elastic superposition principle. When plasticity is involved in the relaxation process, stress error in the resulting measurement of residual stress would be caused. During the cutting the specimen is constrained at a location along the cut so that deformations are restrained as much as possible during cutting. With proper selection of the constraining location the plasticity effect can also be minimized. Typical patterns of longitudinal welding residual stress state were taken to assess the plasticity effect along with constraining locations.     

超声波喷丸覆盖率对Q345钢表面性能的影响

选用不同的覆盖率对Q345钢试样进行超声波喷丸强化处理.试验结果表明:随着喷丸覆盖率的增加,Q345钢试样表层组织晶粒逐渐变细,显微硬度和表面残余压应力值均不断提高,而表面粗糙度值却随着覆盖率的增加而降低.     

微机电系统中热分析的几个问题

本文针对微传热学及其热分析给出一个理论描述 ,以期促进 MEMS设计理论及研究方法的发展 ,适应设计与制造技术趋于一体化研究的需要。     

切削加工表面残余应力的有限元计算

介绍了热-力耦合有限元理论对加工表面残余应力进行的预测和计算,并借助于有限元软件对切削过程进行仿真,得到了加工表面残余应力的分布规律。     

焊接顺序对挖掘机主平台T型焊残余应力的影响

对液压挖掘机主平台底板和立板T型焊接头的焊接温度场和应力场进行了数值模拟,并对主平台的模型进行了网格划分和工艺参数的确定,结合实际工艺提出了不同的焊接顺序方案,通过计算,分析了不同方案对焊接结构件残余应力的影响,从而为实际生产提供了可靠的数值预测依据。     

Study of Residual Stress Distribution in the Machined Stainless Steel Components

The demand for high quality and fully automated production, coupled with advances in alloy development, focuses attention on the surface condition of products, especially the residual stresses on the machined surface because of its effect on component performance, longevity, and reliability. Although stainless steel is an important, material with wide application, it is not easy to obtain favorable surface condition, due to its sensitivity to thermal and mechanical operations. In order to obtain favorable surface conditions in a stainless steel component, it is necessary to have practical data which include information concerning tool wear, surface roughness and surface residual stress. In the research toward developing a machinability chart which can provide suitable cutting parameters for the high production rate and good quality surface, and can be used in computer controlled machining tools, surface residual stress distributions in the turning process for stainless steel were studied. Austenitic 304 stainless steel bars were selected as the workpieces and uncoated carbide tools were used in the tests. The obtained results will show residual stress conditions on the machined stainless steel components varying according to cutting conditions.     

微晶玻璃超光滑表面残余应力的对比分析研究

通过对微晶玻璃、陶瓷、金属3个试件进行超精密加工,使试件表面粗糙度值达到纳米级,采用非破坏性的X射线衍射sin2ψ法测量原理对不同试件的残余应力进行了测试研究。结果表明：在试验条件下,3个试件都只存在残余压应力,并且陶瓷的残余压应力最大,金属残余压应力最小。超光滑表面残余应力的研究对提高表面完整性,改善加工工艺具有重要的意义。     

车轴加工基准定位对轴表面残余应力的影响分析

加工基准对车轴表面加工质量有一定影响,为了定量分析由于偏心切削造成的影响程度,从理论上对加工基准误差与加工后车轴表面残余应力的相对关系进行了分析,针对偏心切削对表面残余应力的影响规律进行了研究。设计了在不同偏心量下的切削加工试验,对切削后试件轴表面残余应力进行了测量,试验结果表明,偏心切削对表面残余应力存在一定影响,但是影响程度不是很大。