浅议第三方物流

第三方物流兴起于２０世纪９０年代中后期，它主要为客户提供物流策略／系统开发、信息管理、仓储、咨询等服务。由于它能使客户（主要是企业）将其有限的资源集中于核心业务而深受客户的欢迎。第三方物流在欧美的发展相当成熟（平均在６０％以上）。随着经济全球化的发展，第三方物流市场呈现潜力大和高增长率的特征。本文主要讨论了第三方物流的形成、业务范围和特征，并结合中国即将入世的国情，分析国内的第三方物流企业如何参与国际同行的竞争，最后对第三方物流的发展提出一些思考。     

生产及服务外包综合支撑平台商业模式研究初探

生产及服务外包已发展成为中国经济发展的“绿色引擎”,而以云计算为代表的新一代信息网络技术的发展更是直接推动了服务外包在商业模式上的不断创新。论文对生产及服务外包综合支撑平台商业模式进行了研究初探。     

SHARING AND PLANNING OF DISTRIBUTED EQUIPMENT FOR NETWORKED MANUFACTURING

Efficient utilization of the equipment distributed in different enterprises and optimal allocation of these resources is an important concern for networked manufacturing. The third party based equipment sharing approach is put forward to optimize the utilization of distributed equipment for networked manufacturing; Taking advantage of the shared equipment offered by equipment providers by means of lease agreement, the third party carries out production by establishing networked virtual factory. Operational mechanism of the third party based equipment sharing is discussed, and characteristics of this approach in achieving resource allocation are analyzed. Shared equipment planning is formulated as an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing profits for equipment coordinator, a mathematical model for shared equipment planning is developed. Finally a case study is discussed to show the effectiveness of the planning model.     

施工机械设备外协加工伙伴选择

外协加工伙伴优化选择当前已成为设计制造企业顺利开展外协加工需解决的首要问题。结合实际外协加工伙伴选择过程,提出了一种包括外协时间(T)、外协成本(C)、外协质量(Q)、外协信息保障能力(I)、外协安全与环保能力(E)和后续服务能力(S)等6大目标的施工机械设备外协加工伙伴目标体系,建立了一种施工机械设备外协加工伙伴多目标优化选择模型,并给出了基于AHP和模糊方法的模型求解过程。最后,以JQDS900架桥机金属结构外协加工伙伴选择为实例,证明了其实用性和有效性。     

The right time and place [strategic positioning and competitive space]

Increasingly in the UK, companies that have traditionally considered themselves as manufacturers are being advised to now see themselves as service providers and to reconsider whether to have any production capability. A key challenge is to translate this strategy into a selection of product and service-centred activities within the company's supply chain networks. Strategic positioning is concerned with the choice of business activities a company carries out itself, compared to those provided by suppliers, partners, distributors and even customers. In practice, strategic positioning is directly impacted by such decisions as outsourcing, off-shoring, partnering, technology innovation, acquisition and exploitation. If companies can better understand their strategic positioning, they can make more informed decisions about the adoption of alternative manufacturing and supply chain activities. Similarly, they are more likely to reject those that, like off-shoring, are currently en vogue but are highly likely to erode competitive edge and business success. Our research has developed a new concept we call 'competitive space' as a means of appreciating the strategic positioning of companies, along with a structured decision process for managing competitive space. Our ideas about competitive space, along with the decision process itself, have been developed and tested on a range of manufacturers. As more and more manufacturers are encouraged to move towards system integration and a serviceable business model, the challenge is to identify the appropriate strategic position for their organisations, or in other words, to identify their optimum competitive space for manufacture.     

第三方物流教学系统的开发

针对第三方物流的业务流程,采用C/S(Client/Server)结构模式,使用VB6.0作为前台开发工具,SQL Server2000做后台数据库,开发了第三方物流教学系统.系统模拟运输管理、库存管理、调度管理等核心业务环节的执行过程,可供学生进行第三方物流的实际演练,理解物流各个环节的操作原理和逻辑关系.介绍了系统的建模、设计和实现过程.     

分布式业务过程管理中Web服务的应用及选择

为了实现分布式业务过程管理，降低异构过程的集成费用，提出了基于Web服务与Agent的业务过程管理三层体系结构，并在此基础上给出了软件系统的实施方法。在该体系中，数据层向业务过程的定义、制定和执行提供相关信息和支持，协同应用层包含了业务过程引擎模块及负责Web服务搜索、选择及分配的多个Agent，接口层实现系统与服务提供商之间的协商管理。为了减少业务过程执行中用户系统与服务之间以及不同服务之间的交互和数据交换，提出了基于服务提供商位置的Web服务选择算法，对时间敏感性的分布式过程管理提供了良好的解决方案。     

Logistics planning and inventory optimization using swarm intelligence: a third party perspective

The economic and competitive pressures have made it imperative for organizations to focus on third party or outsourcing to reduce costs and improve operating efficiencies. The thrust of global economy drives the organizations to outsource process, parts, and labor, virtually anywhere in the world and get the desired combination of low cost and high quality. However, ineffective utilization of shipment practices in supply chain prevents to achieve the anticipated outsourcing benefits. In this research, a three-stage inventory model is developed to address the outsourcing issues with different shipment policies between manufacturer, exporter, and assembly point for any manufacturing industry. The model provides a measure for establishing an optimal balance between two conflicting objectives viz. net costs involved and the transportation discounts with consideration of holding cost at all the points in the supply chain. Owing to inherent computational complexities of the problem with higher dimensions, various deterministic approaches practically fail. Proposed work, therefore, utilizes a nature-inspired evolutionary algorithm, namely particle swarm optimization, to solve the problem. This paper applies enhanced particle swarm optimization, a variant of particle swarm optimization for solution purpose. Furthermore, the practical benefits and implications of the proposed model are demonstrated. The results obtained delineate efficacy to handle the fluctuations in the possible shipment options and simultaneously deciding the optimal shipment policies.     

Foundry trends [IC manufacturing]

The foundry business model of integrated circuit manufacturing involves focused development of semiconductor processes and manufacturing technology by foundries, to serve the needs of innovative IC designers who no longer wish to own some or even any of their own manufacturing facilities. It has created significant new opportunities for fabless semiconductor companies while opening new outsourcing opportunities for integrated device manufacturers.     

考虑外源融资的资金约束供应链物流策略

为研究物流自营和物流外包模式对于资金约束供应链运作的影响,探讨了物流均衡策略。在考虑外部银行信贷融资渠道的基础上,构建了生产商、第三方物流服务商和资金短缺零售商组成的供应链系统,研究了物流自营和物流外包情形下资金约束供应链中成员的最优订货定价决策,并从供应链中领导者角度探讨了物流均衡策略,最后通过数值算例进一步分析了生产成本等参数对供应链系统利润以及零售商融资金额的影响。研究结果表明:供应链中成员的订货定价决策以及期望利润受物流成本等参数影响。当生产成本和自营物流成本较低时,物流均衡策略为自营;当生产成本和自营物流成本较高时,物流均衡策略为外包。     

Ahp model for the selection of partner companies in virtual enterprises

Rising product variety and complexity, shorter time frames to respond, and the continual need to gain new capabilities through innovativeness force the trend of outsourcing to be replaced by strategic alliances, where enterprises or individuals work together towards a common goal and share their responsibilities as well as their profits. Recent developments in information technology have enabled relatively inexpensive, reliable and fast networking to support such alliances in real time. In this context, the virtual enterprise (VE) represents an appropriate cooperation alternative and competitive advantage for the enterprises. VE is a temporary network of independent companies -- suppliers, customers, even rivals -- linked by information technology (IT) to share skills, costs and access to one another’s markets. In this emerging business model of virtual enterprise, the decision support functionality, which addresses issues such as partner company selection, is an important domain to be studied. In this paper, we propose an analytic hierarchy process model to contribute in the selection of the partner companies in the virtual enterprises. A case example is also covered to validate the feasibility of the adoption of the model in virtual enterprise situations.     

摩托车零部件企业网络化外协加工支持系统

为提高摩托车零部件企业与外协厂之间的信息交互和业务协同能力,结合网络化制造的思想和应用服务提供商模式,提出了一种基于应用服务提供商的摩托车零部件制造企业网络化外协加工支持系统,研究了该系统的体系结构、功能结构、运行模式及其实现技术,并成功地应用于一摩托车零部件制造企业,取得了良好的效果.     

The most cost efficient automotive vendor with price uncertainty: A new DEA approach

Vendor’s performance evaluation is an important subject which has strategic implications for managing an efficient company. However, there are many important criteria for prospering company. These criteria may contradict together. In other words, while a criterion is improved, the other may worsen. Indeed, similar to manufacturing manager in global market, purchasing manager who has significant practical implications deals with this issue. The vendor selection problem (VSP) is obviously affected by the complexity and uncertainty due to the lack of information associated with related business environment of countries in a global market. On the other hand, in the automotive industry which plays an important role in the worldwide market, these decisions will be exacerbated by increasing the outsourcing and opportunities. There are varieties of techniques, from simple weighted scoring methods to complex mathematical programming, for handling VSP.In this study, we propose a new cost efficiency data envelopment analysis (CE–DEA) approach with price uncertainty for finding the most cost efficient unit. Potential uses are then illustrated with an application to automotive industry involving 73 vendors in Turkey.     

生产及服务外包支撑平台的研究

根据生产及外包服务的发展现状和趋势分析建立了生产及服务外包支撑平台,充分有效地发挥网站在生产及服务外包行业发展中的作用。其包括线上网络平台服务和线下专业化服务,将服务外包、生产外包、技术外包、工业分包、物流外包、软件外包和科技服务的主要功能整合在一起为用户提供＂多对一＂专业化服务。采用＂主动挖掘式服务＂与＂按需服务＂相结合的方式,构建了具有共性资源数据库的一站式生产及服务外包综合支撑平台。     

民机研制外包项目潜在承担方质量能力评估研究

为有效提高民机外包项目研制质量,基于AS9100标准建立了潜在承担方质量能力评估体系,结合外包项目及承担方分类,通过权重设定及模糊打分,实现不同类型外包项目潜在承担方质量能力评估及选择,并对质量能力评估方法进行了算例演示。     

民机研制外包项目潜在承担方质量能力评估研究

为有效提高民机外包项目研制质量,基于AS9100标准建立了潜在承担方质量能力评估体系,结合外包项目及承担方分类,通过权重设定及模糊打分,实现不同类型外包项目潜在承担方质量能力评估及选择,并对质量能力评估方法进行了算例演示。     

Synchronization in multi-echelon supply chain applying timing discount

Due to the increasing emphasis on the effective management of the supply chain, synchronization and cooperation issues between suppliers and retailers in decentralized multi-echelon inventory/distribution systems have gained much attention in the recent years. In this paper, we consider coordination issues of a distribution system composed of a manufacturer, a supplier (distributor), and several retailers. The supplier outsourcing a third party offers a timing discount to multiple retailers in order to synchronize the timing of their orders with the order cycle. It is also assumed that retailers are allowed to face stock outs. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to analyze the problem. Results show that while synchronizing the supplier and the outsourcer enhances the supply chain efficiency, offering any type of timing discount by the supplier decreases the supply chain efficiency. It is also noted that having coordination between the manufacturer and the supplier has no impact on the supplier’s profit but may decrease the retailer’s costs. It is believed that our findings provide potential and significant managerial implications in the area of supply chain coordination when these systems are decentralized.     

动态联盟中伙伴选择的Top-k问题的优化算法

为研究大规模复杂供应链环境下合作伙伴选择的效率问题,从加速选择过程的角度入手,将Top-k优化思想引入虚拟企业合作伙伴选择过程,并对基本选择指标进行了分类,提出了基于特殊指标的优化选择过程。实验表明,通过该方法能够显著提高选择过程的效率。进一步改进了选择过程算法,提出了改进优化程序算法。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能有效地克服选择过程算法的误判率,提高合作伙伴选择的精度。     

Manufacturing postponed [logistics enablers]

The authors look at how, in order to successfully implement a mass customisation strategy, a partnership between producers and logistics providers must be established.