动态压差控制阀流场及流量控制特性研究

针对变流量加热及冷却系统水力和热力失调的问题,设计一种动态压差控制阀.基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,建立不同阀芯开度下动态压差控制阀三维流道模型.对比研究了不同阀芯开度下阀内流场分布以及流量变化,得出了动态压差控制阀在不同阀芯开度下阀内压降曲线的变化规律、阀芯节流口处速度曲线及湍动能曲线的分布规律,拟合了阀门出口流量...     

高压节流阀节流特征及流固耦合失效分析

以川东北地区高压裂缝性气藏开发钻井现场普遍使用的楔形节流阀为例,分析开度与节流面积、节流压降、流体速度的关系,并依据伯努利方程建立节流压降与开度、流体密度、进口流量的数学模型,采用workbench流固耦合数值模拟方法,对所述条件下的节流阀内部流场和阀芯应力分布对比分析。结果表明,楔形节流阀节流能力随开度的增大迅速减小,随流体密度、进口流量的增大而增大,在一定开度下,由于阀腔内流体的高速流动,阀芯变径台阶面与轴销连接孔位置处出现应力集中,同时阀芯节流面附近有明显漩涡产生,引起阀芯振动,容易导致断裂失效;当开度较小时,节流效果显著,含固相颗粒的流体容易造成节流阀堵塞,且高速流体对阀座冲刷引起刺漏,该分析结果与现场节流阀失效情况十分吻合。     

混合流动式磁流变阀压降性能试验分析

针对目前磁流变阀结构形式单一且体积大的不足,设计了一种结构紧凑的混合流动式磁流变阀,该磁流变阀阻尼间隙液流通道由轴向圆环流动和径向圆盘流动共同组成。介绍了混合流动式磁流变阀结构及工作原理;同时建立了其压降数学模型。在搭建的磁流变阀测试试验台上对其压降性能进行测试,具体分析了加载电流及模拟外加负载对所设计的磁流变阀进出口压差的影响。     

迷宫式最小流量调节阀的流动特性研究

将迷宫式最小流量调节阀的流道分解为串联型和并联型流道,首先对其节流降压特性分别进行模型试验,分析流体在流道中的压力分布特性,然后根据压力分布特性,对串联型流道进行优化设计和试验,最后通过模型试验,研究了两种流道的阻力特性.研究表明,在入口流量相同的条件下,串联型迷宫流道节流产生压降大,并联型迷宫流道产生的压降小,但是降压过程更平缓;通过对串联型流道进行优化设计,克服了串联流道中因面积增加过大所导致的缩流现象;阻力特性试验表明,串联型流道的阻力系数较并联型流道大.     

水滴迷宫式调节阀空化特性计算与结构改进

针对超(超)临界机组中水滴迷宫式调节阀在高温高压工况下引起的严重气蚀问题,基于计算流体力学理论和空化机理,选用标准k-ε湍流模型、Mixture模型和Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,比较了改进前后调节阀在典型开度下的压力、速度、气相体积分数等结构性能。计算结果表明:原始碟片结构压降大,最大可至19.95 MPa,流速高,最高可达237 m/s,从而导致了严重的空化现象,气相体积分数甚至高达1;增加围堰后,碟片流道内最大压降降低了52.5%,最大速度减小了38.8%,最大气相体积分数降低至0.18;证明增加围堰可有效控制阀内压降和流速,减小气蚀破坏程度。此外,适当增加围堰高度有利于抑制空化发生,但高度过大会使空化区域向围堰处转移,同时形成不稳定流场影响阀门启闭特性。     

偏心蝶阀水力特性的数值模拟与分析

运用计算流体力学 (CFD)方法对一种偏心蝶阀的水力特性进行数值模拟计算 ,获得了流道内详细的三维流场参数分布以及蝶阀的压降、流量与水动力矩的水力特性曲线。从计算出的三维流场可以清楚地掌握影响阀门工作的重要因素 ,如各种开度下阀后的流动分离状态 ,以及蝶板上压力低于汽化点从而易发生气蚀的部位等 ,而水力特性曲线则可直接提供设计参数     

某型伺服引气阀蝶阀压力损失分析

蝶阀作为伺服引气阀的主阀,其压力损失特性对于伺服引气阀的工作效率、流量控制精度以及下游涡轮起动机性能至关重要。建立了蝶阀压力损失计算的数学模型;通过计算流体力学数值计算方法获取了蝶阀流场总压分布情况,得到了不同工作环境和开启角度时的蝶板压力损失情况。结果表明,供气压力的升高增大了蝶阀压力损失,但不改变蝶阀和涡轮起动机上的压降分配比例;而蝶阀压力损失不受供气温度的影响。对海平面下不同开启角度的蝶阀压力损失进行了试验测试,验证了数学模型及数值计算结果的正确性。     

液压支架用电液换向阀的动态特征及流场特性仿真分析

为了提高液压支架的机械控制能力,利用电液换向阀完成支架控制箱动作控制。该文采用流体动力学仿真了电液换向阀的动态特征及流场特性。研究结果表明:当时间到达0.14 s时二级阀芯发生运动,出口流量快速增大至一个峰值状态;随着阀芯到达一个稳定运动状态后,换向阀也达到1013 L/min的稳定出口流量。换向阀在高压大流量系统内工作时将会快速到达峰值压力,产生液压冲击作用并使支架立柱受到破坏。当流体由阀套流至阀芯时因为过流断面的面积会迅速降低,使压力下降4.1 MPa,形成压力集中损失的区域,同时在阀芯的主流道区域还会形成均匀的压力分布状态。从阀口的下游最初进入阀芯的主通道位置时将达到最大流速,等于109 m/s,表明该部位形成了最小的过流面积。     

某双阀芯电液比例多路阀主阀进口节流流场及阀口压降特性研究

以某系列双阀芯电液比例多路阀为研究对象,采用CFD流场仿真技术和PIV可视化测速技术对不同阀口开度和流量下的主阀沿进口流道、节流口、阀腔的流场进行了流体仿真和试验可视化研究。应用Fluent软件仿真研究了主阀进口节流流场分布并得出阀口压降特性;采用PIV试验研究的手段对流场分析结果加以验证,应用2D-PIV技术获得主阀腔内部一个截面上的流场分布,并通过相似理论计算得出阀口压降特性。CFD流场仿真和PIV试验结果表明：该双阀芯电液比例多路阀主阀出油环形腔内会形成较大旋涡,且阀口开度和流量对主阀进口节流内部流场结构和阀口压降特性有重要的影响。研究结果对定性分析双阀芯电液比例多路阀主阀内能量损失和噪声、主阀的结构和流道的设计以及优化具有重要实际意义,为CFD技术和PIV技术在双阀芯多路阀领域的应用研究提供了参考。     

基于Fluent的卸压阀内部流场特性数值研究

应用Fluent软件对卸压阀内部流场进行数值仿真分析。以饱和水蒸气为介质,基于壁面函数法和Realizable k-ε湍流模型,分析不同开度、不同进出口压力下阀体内部流速、压力、流量等变化特点。研究表明,随着开度增加,进出口压降呈线性降低,流速变化趋于稳定,出口流量更大。本研究可对卸压阀优化设计提供技术支持。     

基于COMSOL液压节流阀内部流场数值模拟研究

针对不同开度下U型节流阀内部流场的变化,基于软件COMSOL Multiphysics建立CFD数值计算模型,得到了节流阀内部流场的速度、压力分布等随着阀口开度变化的特性云图。研究结果表明：节流口处压力下降梯度较大,并出现局部低压区。阀内流体速度在经过阀口处急剧变化,阀口附近流速达到最大,并沿流体流动方向形成一个空心锥形高速射流区域。即流体出口端射流出射方向倾斜指向出口,另一过流面中流体出射方向指向阀座,并沿阀体壁面流动。此外,随着阀口开度减小,阀口处速度大小和阀口附近压力几乎不变,但是节流口流体出射方向角度变大。     

Computational modeling of bubbly flows in differential pressure flow meters

This paper addresses bubbly flow modeling within Venturi tubes and nozzles using the two-fluid model. The effects of non-drag forces as virtual mass and the so-called “transversal forces” such as lift and wall lubrication are investigated in the context of the two-fluid model. As expected, the transversal forces have an important influence on void distribution as long as the virtual mass affects the pressure drop along the contraction, which is the main parameter for the flow rate measurement. Models for the virtual mass and lift forces were implemented via user routines in commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, as the models embedded within these packages, specifically for virtual mass, were found not to be adequate for the purpose of this study. The models are validated against results from the literature and pressure drop measurements along a Venturi tube, developed in this work. Additionally, some experimental visualizations were used to make a qualitative comparison with predicted void distribution.     

Wet gas pressure drop across orifice plate in horizontal pipes in the region of flow pattern transition

As a basis for measuring the mass flow rate of wet gas using differential pressure meters, predicting the pressure drop of a wet gas flowing through orifice plates is important; however, this has not yet been solved satisfactorily, although many studies have reported on that subject. In this study, the pressure drop of wet gas across sharp-edged orifice plates was experimentally investigated in the region of flow pattern transition using air and water as the two phases, and the prediction performance of the available pressure drop models was compared based on the experimental data. The results show that the homogenous flow models overestimate the pressure drop, whereas those models based on the separated flow model often present underestimations. The models reported for wet gas are also incapable of predicting the pressure drop in this region with acceptable accuracy. Through an analysis of the prediction deviations, it is found that the Froude number of the liquid phase has a significant influence on the pressure drop of the wet gas, besides the Froude number of the gas phase. Then, three new correlations that are based on the homogeneous flow, Chisholm model, and Murdock model, respectively, were proposed based on the experimental result.     

Numerical simulations for multi-hole orifice flow meter

The measurement of flow rate is important in many industrial applications including rocket propellant stages. The orifice flow meter has the advantages of compact size and weight. However, the conventional single-hole orifice flow meter suffers from higher pressure drop due to lower discharge coefficient (Cd). This can be overcome by the use of multi-hole orifice flow meter. Flow characteristics of multi-hole orifice flow meters are determined both numerically and experimentally over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate the flow in the single- and multi-hole orifice flow meters. Experiments are carried out to validate the CFD predictions. The discharge coefficients for the different orifice configurations are determined from the CFD simulations. It is observed that the pressure loss in the multi-hole orifice flow meter is significantly lower than that of single-hole orifice flow meter of identical flow area due to the early reattachment of flow in the case of the multi-hole orifice meter. The influence of different geometrical and flow parameters on discharge coefficient is also determined.     

节流口结构对超高压插装阀液流特性的影响

超高压是液压系统未来发展的方向之一,因此分析超高压液压元件的性能非常重要。针对DN25超高压插装阀3种不同阀芯节流口结构的液流特性进行了分析。以Fluent软件为平台,建立了3种不同节流口结构的DN25超高压插装阀流场有限元模型,结合阀口的节流特性分析了流体的速度场和压力场,得到了不同阀口开度下的流量以及阀芯所受液压力,为超高压插装阀结构设计提供了理论基础。     

不同阀口形态对内流式锥阀液动力的影响

研究了阀芯和阀座上是否有倒角存在的两种不同阀口形态下，内流式锥阀阀芯所受液动力的特性。采用CFD仿真模拟的方法，分别对两种阀口形态下，阀芯在不同开度、不同流量下所受液动力进行了数值求解，并对其液压阀的压降曲线进行了比较，最后，对仿真结果进行了网格无关性验证。结果表明，随着阀口形态的变化，阀芯所受液动力的方向和大小都相应地发生了改变，而两者的压降几乎没有变化，对于阀芯所受液动力优化有重要指导意义，此外，由网格无关性验证结果可知仿真结果是可靠的。     

The smart-orifice meter: a mini head meter for volume flow measurement

Differential pressure based flow meters generally consist of a flow restriction element which generates a differential pressure and a pressure transducer, externally piped to the restriction, which measures the flow related differential pressure. The smart-orifice mini head meter presented takes advantage of silicon technology by incorporating a differential pressure microsensor. In contrast to conventional head meters, it represents a single compact and economic device for general flow meter applications, in particular where small size is of concern. Computational fluid dynamics analyses were applied to develop a non-standard orifice design and prototypes of the smart-orifice were fabricated. The performance of the mini head meter in water flow measurement was determined in a computer supported test bench facility. It was compared to the results predicted by the simulation, as well as to a conventional head meter arrangement with externally mounted pressure transducer, including measurements with water at elevated temperature and different absolute line pressures. The results are very promising and verify the competitiveness of the smart-orifice as a mini head meter.     

水压锥阀流场的CFD解析

对水压锥闽流场进行了CFD解析，解析结果以可视的速度场和压力场分布给出。针对锥阀过流特性的分析结果对闽芯结构进行改进，将阀芯锥面与柱面直接相接改为圆弧过渡，改进后的结构明显减小了压力损失和阀内最小负压值，同时降低了阀芯所受轴向液动力。     

Uncertainty analysis for multiphase flow: A case study for horizontal air-water flow experiments

This work describes the procedure used to define the measurement uncertainties of horizontal two-phase air-water flow experiments conducted to determine influences due to pipe diameter on pressure gradient on such flows. These experiments were performed with 4 different pipe diameters, always using the same test section length, therefore varying the length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio. Several parameters were measured, such as volumetric/mass flow rate, pressures, temperatures and pressure drop; other parameters were calculated, such as the superficial velocities of each fluid, as well as their corresponding properties. The main parameters studied were the flow patterns for different velocity configurations and the two-phase pressure drop to be used for model improvement, thus the importance of uncertainties analysis. The sources of uncertainty were defined, detailed, systematically studied and quantified. Also, the reproducibility capacity of the experimental setups were analysed through the uncertainty analysis and proving them to be able for future similar studies. The flow maps with their uncertainties could help understand the thresholds for each defined flow pattern region, and the plots of two-phase pressure drop variation with diameter confirmed the homogeneous model as a possible approach to calculate pressure drop if the uncertainties are considered.     

有源先导级控制的电液比例流量阀特性研究

针对现有技术采用压差补偿器或插装式流量传感器控制流量,会降低阀的通流能力,增加系统的功率损失和发热;大流量场合只能通过阀开口面积间接控制流量,受负载变化影响控制精度低;低工作压力范围可控性差、动态响应慢;大通径采用三级结构,构造复杂等问题,提出用小功率伺服电动机驱动小排量液压泵/马达(有源)、结合液压晶体管(Valvistor),构造新的低能耗、高可控的电液比例流量阀。该方法可扩大阀的流量控制范围,提高阀在低压时的动态响应。建立阀的静态数学模型,分析获得影响阀负载流量特性最主要的因素是反馈节流槽预开口量大小;进一步建立阀的动态数学模型,获得主阀芯稳定条件。根据阀的结构组成,建立阀的仿真模型,仿真分析主阀各参数对主阀性能的影响。结果表明,反馈节流槽预开口量越小,主阀负载流量特性越好;主阀口压降越大,主阀芯响应越快;但由动态数学模型可知主阀口压降太大且先导流量较小时,阀的稳定性也会降低。研究也表明,在保证主阀良好的动态特性前提下,可通过使先导泵/马达转速随负载压力变化,实现对阀的流量补偿,从而改善阀的负载流量特性。