相控阵超声检测技术在核电设备贯穿件焊缝检测中的应用

某核电站设备中贯穿件套管与插入板之间以K型坡口形式进行组对焊接。为了保证焊缝质量,技术文件及标准要求热处理前、后均进行超声波检测。在贯穿件焊缝超声检测过程中发现,由于插入板尺寸的原因,导致焊缝侧扫查距离无法满足实际检测要求,部分插入板预留区域仅可以将探头放上,无法前后扫查移动。这样就会导致部分焊缝区域扫查不到,无法检测内部质量是否符合标准要求。为了进一步提升贯穿件焊缝质量的缺陷检测准确率以及检测覆盖率,通过制作模拟件(带人工缺陷)进行验证试验以及实际工件进行检测,证明应用相控阵超声检测技术不仅大大提高缺陷检测的准确率,并且基于相控阵扫查方式的特性可以在较短的扫查距离上实现焊缝100%检测。     

核电站钢制安全壳补强板与贯穿件套筒管板焊缝超声检测技术

以AP1000核电依托化项目中核电站钢制安全壳补强板与贯穿件套筒管板焊缝超声检测技术难点分析为切入点,重点描述了焊缝模拟件的选择原则及制作、超声检测工艺参数的选择,并分析了此类管板焊缝超声检测时容易出现的焊接缺陷和原因。     

焊接残余应力对超声波冲击处理焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

采用含高值焊接残余应力的非承载纵向角接接头进行了Q235B钢焊态与超声波冲击态的疲劳对比试验,研究了焊接残余应力对超声冲击处理焊接接接头疲劳性能的影响规律。结果表明:焊接残余应力对超声波冲击处理后焊接接头疲劳性能的影响较小。使用不含高值焊接残余应力的小试件来评估超声波冲击处理对相同接头形式及板厚的大型焊接结构疲劳性能的改善程度可能是偏于安全的。     

工艺参数对镁钛异质金属超声波点焊接头拉伸性能及疲劳性能的影响

镁、钛等轻合金在工业上的广泛应用离不开其异质结构件的连接,作为应用较为广泛的固相焊技术,超声波点焊技术是实现高强度连接的有效途径之一。对镁钛异质金属进行超声波焊接,研究焊接参数对接头拉伸性能及疲劳性能的影响规律,用极差分析法和方差分析法研究焊接参数及参数间交互作用的影响权重,通过疲劳试验结果和Paris模型分析焊接参数对接头疲劳性能的影响。研究结果表明：在镁钛超声波焊接接头拉伸性能中,焊接压力是最显著影响因素,其次是焊接时间和焊接振幅,另外焊接时间与焊接振幅之间的交互作用对性能也有显著的影响。疲劳性能中,接头在不同的循环次数下失效模式不同,通过微观分析研究界面断裂机制,当接头达到高强度连接时,过高的焊接参数会导致镁板厚度降低,从而显著降低焊件的疲劳性能,其中焊接压力影响最为显著。     

青草背长江大桥焊接工艺评定试验

介绍了青草背长江大桥焊接工艺评定试验。对全桥的接头形式及板厚进行归纳,选取典型焊缝进行焊接工艺评定试验。选择了匹配的焊接材料并制定了严格的焊接工艺,焊后进行外观检验及超声波探伤,达到技术要求规定。通过力学性能试验,表明接头力学性能达到标准要求,低温冲击韧性有较高储备。本文可供类似工程参考。     

焊接工艺参数对7B04-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦点焊接头疲劳性能的影响

在不同回填时间、插入时间、插入深度、旋转速度下对1.5mm厚7B04-T6铝合金板进行回填式无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊,对接头进行拉-拉疲劳试验,研究了焊接工艺参数对接头疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:不同焊接工艺下接头均分为焊核区、热机影响区、热影响区和母材,在热机影响区的两板结合区存在钩状缺陷;焊接工艺参数对接头疲劳寿命的影响程度从弱到强的顺序为回填时间、插入时间、插入深度、旋转速度;在旋转速度为2 500r·min~(-1),回填时间为2s,插入深度为1.9mm,插入时间为3s下,接头的疲劳寿命最高,可达211 919周次,疲劳裂纹萌生于两板结合区的钩状缺陷处。     

薄板奥氏体不锈钢对接焊缝超声波探伤方法研究

通过对超声波应用于薄板奥氏体不锈钢对接焊接接头的研究和试验,开发了薄板奥氏体不锈钢对接焊接接头超声检测和质量分级方法。试块探伤试验和现场实物检测试验表明,对板厚为3～10 mm的在用压力容器奥氏体不锈钢对接焊缝及母材,辅以超声波探伤,可以及时发现奥氏体不锈钢容器在对接焊缝、封头扳边处、支座角焊缝母材等处存在的各种形式的裂纹或缺陷,有效避免出现容器的失效事故。     

双相钢换热管与管板焊接工艺研究

采用管板自动TIG焊方法进行双相钢换热管与管板焊接工艺试验,通过着色检测、射线检测、焊喉尺寸测量、拉脱力试验、硬度试验等对焊接接头进行测试,从而确定了合理的管板焊接工艺,并掌握了双相钢的焊接特点。     

P91/P92钢焊接接头超声波检测方法研究

超声波在P91/P92与碳钢中传播声速不一样,造成利用碳钢试块校准的超声波仪器在P91/P92管道焊接接头进行超声波检测时存在水平及垂直定位不准确的现象,通过理论分析及试验对比可以对P91/P92管道焊接接头缺陷进行精确定位。     

T 型焊接接头的低温P—da/dN—ΔK曲线

T型焊接接头是海洋工程中较为典型的结构细节 ,研究其低温P—da dN—ΔK曲线 ,对确定焊接构件在冬季服役时的检修周期具有重要意义。在 10 0吨MTS电液伺服材料试验机上进行了 3件T型焊接接头的低温疲劳裂纹扩展试验 ,测出了其中值da dN—ΔK曲线。通过小样本试验的理论推导与计算 ,利用变异系数CV 的经验取值 ,初步得出T型焊接接头的低温P—da dN—ΔK曲线     

The possibility of measuring the qualitative parameters of welded gears

The problem of measuring weld penetration during electron-beam welding by an ultrasonic method is considered. The results of calculations and data of experimental studies are reported. The efficiency of introducing the ultrasonic method for testing weld penetration during electron-beam welding is demonstrated.Translated from Defektoskopiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2005, pp. 29–31.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Sadadinov, Pyankov.     

The effect of arc behavior on weld geometry by high-frequency pulse GTAW process with 0Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel

Based on 0Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel plate (h?=?6 mm), a study on arc behavior by ultrasonic frequency pulse gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process has been carried out. The results show that with the increasing pulse frequency, an obvious pinch effect of arc plasma has been detected and also the increment of arc voltage, stiffness, and force. Then, the method, combining weld appearance and numerical simulation, has been adapted for weld behavior on the basis of arc behavior by ultrasonic frequency pulse GTAW process. As a result of arc shrinkage, the root radius of arc decreased, which caused narrower weld bead. The larger arc force led to more depression of pool surface that made the downward heat source and external force point, which had been important to increasing weld penetration. Meanwhile, the mobility of molten pool was enhanced by weld behavior compared with conventional GTAW process.     

小径薄壁管座角焊缝典型缺陷的超声相控阵CIVA仿真研究

在电厂安放式小径薄壁管座角焊缝超声检测技术中,检测结果易受到管径小、检测位置结构复杂等因素影响,因此,采用CIVA软件对焊缝模型进行超声相控阵声场仿真,得到未熔合、未焊透、裂纹和夹渣4种典型缺陷在不同检测位置曲率下的缺陷响应.对比分析仿真缺陷图谱,研究检测位置曲率对缺陷成像和声压幅值的影响,结合优化后的仿真参数和检测方...     

INVESTIGATION ON BRITTLE FRACTUREPROPAGATION－ARRESTING CHARACTERISTICS OF STEEL PIPE

ＩＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＢＲＩＴＴＬＥＦＲＡＣＴＵＲＥＰＲＯＰＡＧＡＴＩＯＮ－ＡＲＲＥＳＴＩＮＧＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＳＴＥＥＬＰＩＰＥＩＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＢＲＩＴＴＬＥＦＲＡＣＴＵＲＥＰＲＯＰＡＧＡＴＩＯＮ－ＡＲＲＥＳＴ...     

面向即时检测芯片超声波精密键合的熔接结构及工艺参数

针对芯片即时检测(POCT)芯片对键合精度、键合强度、生产效率和生物兼容性的要求,基于超声波键合技术设计了结构化的导能筋布置形式和阻熔导能接头结构。研究了超声波键合时间和键合压力对微通道高度保持性能的影响,确定了精密超声波键合工艺参数。利用高精度显微镜、拉伸试验机和羊全血分别对键合后芯片的微通道高度、键合强度、微通道密闭性以及液体自驱动性能进行了测试。结果表明:所设计的导能筋布置形式合理可靠;利于芯片各功能的集成,阻熔导能接头结构能够较精确地控制键合后微通道的高度,键合精度达到2μm;全血驱动时间的极差在20s以内;所确定的键合工艺参数能够实现高强度的键合,键合强度不小于2.5 MPa。该熔接结构及工艺参数具有键合精度高、键合强度高、生物兼容性好和熔接均匀等优点,可应用于医用POCT芯片产品中。     

Friction stir weld-bonding defect inspection using phased array ultrasonic testing

Weight reduction is an important driver of the aerospace industry, which encourages the development of lightweight joining techniques to substitute rivet joints. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state process that enables the production of lighter joints with a small performance reduction compared to the base material properties. Increasing the FSW lap joint performance is an important concern. Friction stir weld bonding is a hybrid joining technology that combines FSW and adhesive bonding in order to increase the mechanical properties of FSW lap joints. FSW and hybrid lap joints were produced, using 2-mm-thick AA6082-T6 plates and a 0.2-mm-thick adhesive layer. Defect detection using the non-destructive test, phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT), has been made. Microscopic observations were performed in order to validate the phased array ultrasonic testing results. Lap shear strength tests were carried out to quantify the joint’s quality. PAUT inspection successfully detected non-welded specimens but was not able to distinguish specimens with major hook defects from specimens correctly weld bonded with small hook defects.     

Characterization and mechanical properties of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings with different modulation periods

In this paper, laser welding for the stainless steel lap joint used in the railway vehicle body has been studied based on the analysis of the ultrasonic test. The weld width is evaluated by the analysis of ultrasonic testing signals during the ultrasonic scanning process. The changes of the echo and main frequency are in good agreement with the positions of the probe. The semi-attenuation method and frequency domain analysis are established based on the A-scan signals and frequency spectrum characteristic curves. From the analysis of the error statistics, the frequency domain analysis has a higher accuracy and stability, which can meet the requirements of engineering applications. The equivalent weld width is defined based on the C-scan imaging and the quantitative ultrasonic test is achieved. The tensile shear measurements of welds show that the equivalent weld widths have the same change rules with the values of the tensile shear strength and provide an important basis for the quality evaluation of the laser welding.     

Residual stress and fracture analysis of thick plate for partial penetration multi-pass weldment

Partial penetration welding joint refers to the groove weld that applies to the one side welding which does not use steel backing and to both side welding without back gouging, that is, the partial penetration welding joint leaves an unwelded portion at the root of the welding area. In this study, we analyzed the residual stress and fracture on the thick metal plates that introduced the partial penetration welding method. According to the above-mentioned welding method, we could draw a conclusion that longitudinal stress and traverse stress occurred around the welding area are so minimal and do not affect any influence. We also performed the fracture behavior evaluation on the partial penetration multi pass welding with 25.4 mm thick plate by using the J-integral, which finally led us the conclusion that the partial penetration multi-pass welding method is more applicable and effective in handling the root face with less than 6.35 mm.     

管线球阀过渡段材料选择与焊接端结构分析

介绍了管线球阀过渡段材料选择的原则,并对焊接端不同接头形式进行了计算机模拟分析。由于焊接端接头可能存在由于袖管应变与过渡段应变不协调引起的应力集中,提出了焊接端接头优化设计的建议。     

Fatigue Resistance and Failure Behavior of Penetration and Non-Penetration Laser Welded Lap Joints

Penetration and non-penetration lap laser welding is the joining method for assembling side facade panels of railway passenger cars,while their fatigue performances and the difference between them are not completely understood.In this study,the fatigue resistance and failure behavior of penetration 1.5+0.8-P and non-penetration 0.8+1.5-N laser welded lap joints prepared with 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm cold-rolled 301L plates were investigated.The weld beads showed a solidification microstructure of primary ferrite with good thermal cracking resistance,and their hardness was lower than that of the plates.The 1.5+0.8-P joint exhibited better fatigue resistance to low stress amplitudes,whereas the 0.8+1.5-N joint showed greater resistance to high stress amplitudes.The failure modes of 0.8+1.5-N and 1.5+0.8-P joints were 1.5 mm and 0.8 mm lower lap plate fracture,respectively,and the primary cracks were initiated at welding fusion lines on the lap surface.There were long plastic ribs on the penetration plate fracture,but not on the non-penetration plate fracture.The fatigue resistance stresses in the crack initiation area of the penetration and non-penetration plates calculated based on the mean fatigue limits are 408 MPa and 326 MPa,respectively,which can be used as reference stress for the fatigue design of the laser welded structures.The main reason for the difference in fatigue performance between the two laser welded joints was that the asymmetrical heating in the non-penetration plate thickness resulted in higher residual stress near the welding fusion line.