ICP-OES法测定铝合金中Y、La、Pr、Sm、Ce、Gd和Nd

本文介绍了用ICP-OES法测定铝合金中稀土元素Y、La、Pr、Sm、Ce、Gd和Nd的方法。本文从样品的溶解,分析谱线的选择,基体及共存元素的影响,仪器测量条件的选择等几个方面进行了试验。进行了加入回收试验,精密度和准确度结果表明,本方法快速、准确,可以满足铝合金中的稀土元素的测定要求。RSD<4%,回收率98%～104%。     

ICP-AES法测定镍镧合金中Si、Mn、Mg、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Zr元素

介绍了采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定镍镧合金中杂质元素Si、Mn、Mg、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Zr的方法,样品采用盐酸、硝酸溶解,进行了仪器工作参数和待测元素分析线的选择试验,确定了仪器最佳工作条件,考察了合金基体和共存元素对待测元素的影响,确定了各待测元素分析线分别为Si 251.611nm、Mn 257.610nm、Mg 285.213nm、Cu 324.752nm、Zn 213.857nm、Cd 214.440nm、Pb 220.353nm、Zr 343.823nm。通过基体匹配消除基体的影响,实现了用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镍镧合金中杂质元素的含量。进行了加入回收试验,回收率在80~108%之间,方法的检出限是0.0003~0.015μg/mL,相对标准偏差小于8%。     

ICP-AES法测定GH3128合金中硅、锰、钨、钼、铬、钛、铝、铁和锆等元素

采用ICP-AES法测定GH3128合金中硅、锰、钨、钼、铬、钛、铝、铁、锆等多种合金元素。系统研究了各元素4条分析谱线的光谱干扰情况,根据光谱干扰研究结果和分析谱线的灵敏度、信背比以及等效离子浓度等进行了分析线的选择。采用柠檬酸络合钨,基体匹配法消除共存元素干扰,效果良好。     

ICP-AES测定2E12铝合金中钛、铜、镁、锰、锌、铬、硅和铁的研究

采用ICP-AES法对2E12铝合金中钛、铜、镁、锰、锌、铬、硅和铁的测定进行了研究,着重进行了基体元素及待测元素在测定浓度范围内的线性相关性试验,进行了酸度试验,测定了2E12铝合金中8种元素的含量,得到了较好的精密度和准确度.方法简便,可靠,获得了满意的分析结果.     

灰铸铁中Si、Mn、Cr、Mo、Cu的光电光谱分析

本文主要介绍通过自制标样、标准化样品,运用光电光谱法探索最佳分析参数,成功进行了灰铸铁中Si、Mn、Cr、Mo、Cu等元素的分析,分析精度达到国家标准。     

高效、节能、无声发动机

阐述了利用非对称循环制造高效、节能发动机设计原理,导出了内燃机的效率,论证其可行性,为内燃机的设计开辟了新途径.     

基体酸化分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯硒中Al、Fe、Sn、Te、Sb、Ti、Ga、Pb、Ge

建立了硒酸化分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定高纯硒中Al、Fe、Sn、Te、Sb、Ti、Ga、Pb、Ge等9种痕量杂质元素的方法。利用基体硒酸化生成硒酸具有低沸点的特性分离基体,有效克服了基体对待测元素的干扰和对仪器进样系统的污染。还研究了酸的加入量对分离效果的影响;测定不同基体⁷⁴Se和⁷⁶Se残留下⁷⁴Ge(丰度R=36.28%)和⁷⁶Ge(丰度R=7.61%)的值;将该方法与挥发二氧化硒分离基体法、阳离子交换分离富集法进行对照,比较了方法的有效性。结果表明,在硫酸高温冒烟下,酸的加入量为4 mL时,可以实现基体99.99%分离;基体对⁷⁴Ge和⁷⁶Ge的干扰可以完全消除。挥发二氧化硒分离基体法及阳离子交换分离富集法的对照实验表明,在选定的实验条件下,方法检出限(3σ)介于0.01~0.02 μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%~5.3%,加标回收率为90%~110%。此方法快速、简便、准确可靠,能够满足纯度为5N(99.999%)的高纯硒中9种杂质元素的测定。     

熔融制样-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定红土镍矿中铁、镍、硅、铝、镁、钙、钛、锰、铜和磷

建立了熔融制样-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定红土镍矿中铁、镍、硅、铝、镁、钙、钛、锰、铜和磷含量的方法。采用经1000℃灼烧后的铁矿标准样品为基体,添加相关待测元素的高纯氧化物和标准溶液制作校准曲线用的校准样品,确定了助熔剂、熔融时间、稀释比、脱模剂和基体效应校正方式等试验条件。样品分析结果进行烧失量校正,与湿法分析结果的相对标准偏差介于0.219%～2.817%之间,满足红土镍矿检测需要。     

海水中铜、铅、镉、锌测定方法的优化

本文对海水中铜、铅、镉、锌测定的国标方法进行了优化,铜铅镉的测定改进了冲洗溶液、萃取容器、提升量等条件,并对影响结果的络合剂、pH做了讨论;锌的测定改用标准加入-ICP法。在优化条件下,铜、铅、镉、锌测定的标准偏差在0.02%～2.11%之间,标样测定结果均优于国标方法、等离子发射光谱质谱法、阳极溶出伏安法等4种方法。     

密闭消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铝土矿中锂、锶、镓、铌、钽、锆和铪

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱,硝酸-氢氟酸增压密闭消解样品,实现了铝土矿中锂、锶、镓、铌、钽、锆和铪的同时测定。实验中探讨了最佳的消解程序,选择适当的同位素,并用铑、铼做内标元素,有效地抑制了分析信号的漂移。各元素的检出限在0.02～1.00μg.g-1,相对标准偏差在0.63%～1.63%,Nb,Ta,Hf的回收率在99.2%～99.6%;该方法经国家标准物质（GBW07177,GBW07182,GBW07180）验证,各元素测试结果与真值很接近。     

Real-time tracking control of electro-hydraulic force servo systems using offline feedback control and adaptive control

This paper focuses on an application of an electro-hydraulic force tracking controller combined with an offline designed feedback controller (ODFC) and an online adaptive compensator in order to improve force tracking performance of an electro-hydraulic force servo system (EHFS). A proportional-integral controller has been employed and a parameter-based force closed-loop transfer function of the EHFS is identified by a continuous system identification algorithm. By taking the identified system model as a nominal plant model, an H_∞ offline design method is employed to establish an optimized feedback controller with consideration of the performance, control efforts, and robustness of the EHFS. In order to overcome the disadvantage of the offline designed controller and cope with the varying dynamics of the EHFS, an online adaptive compensator with a normalized least-mean-square algorithm is cascaded to the force closed-loop system of the EHFS compensated by the ODFC. Some comparative experiments are carried out on a real-time EHFS using an xPC rapid prototype technology, and the proposed controller yields a better force tracking performance improvement.     

偶数齿带式烧结机的研究

研究的偶数带式烧结机的星轮，是将星轮齿设计成偶数个，由匀速齿齿郭曲线和复俣齿（加速、匀速齿组合）齿廓曲线组成的齿廓，相间排列成的新型烧结机星轮。给出与之相匹配的该机头尾星轮弯道曲线方程。实现了台车列的匀速运动及单台车的追赶运动。可为偶数齿烧结机设计和奇数齿烧结机改造提供理论依据和实用参考。     

智能螺丝紧固系统的研究与开发

介绍高频头智能螺丝紧固系统,包括自动送料系统、自动点胶系统、自动锁紧系统、自动卸料系统及自动控制系统。该系统成本约仅为同类进口设备价格的1/3,投入使用后,锁螺丝速度达40~60pcs/min,与手工操作相比,工作效率提高10倍。     

A fuzzy model for assessment of organization vulnerability

There are many factors that can make an organization and its business unsafe and endanger its sustainable development. Exposure of an organization to existing risks may vary and it can be studied from different perspectives, but undoubtedly increased vulnerability of an organization can lead to disaster. This paper investigates the general vulnerability of an organization and proposes a model for its assessment. The process approach has been employed to define the model of an organization, as well as the fuzzy approach for mathematical modeling of uncertainties. An assessed value of organization vulnerability is obtained by using linguistic expressions which are close to human thinking. The mathematical model of organization vulnerability is solved through fuzzy sets with input data defined by a management team. The model for vulnerability assessment is verified through an illustrative example. The obtained results represent an input for future research which should include a good benchmark base for the tested organizations and their continuous improvement.     

一种基于网络的面向拆卸设计的评价方法

面向产品的拆卸设计是绿色设计中十分重要的研究领域。本文构建了网络环境下面向产品拆卸设计的体系结构，研究了面向拆卸设计的产品结构模型。结合Z50E装载机的具体实例，进行了产品可拆卸性的评价分析及相应的设计修改建议。     

Optimized performances comparison of organic Rankine cycles for low grade waste heat recovery

An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) can be applied to recover the low-grade waste heat. In this paper, the performances of five different types of ORC are evaluated. These configurations include a simple ORC, an ORC with an internal heat exchanger (IHE), an ORC with an open feed organic fluid heater (OFOH), an ORC with a closed feed organic fluid heater (CFOH), and an ORC with a reheater. First, the feasible working region is defined for an ORC operating together with an internal combustion engine. Subsequently, the thermal efficiency of each ORC is maximized using a genetic algorithm. Finally, the characteristics of each ORC are analyzed and compared using a combination of the first law and second law method. Our analysis indicates that the ORC with an IHE showed the best thermodynamic performance. The ORC with an OFOH and the ORC with a CFOH are sub-optimal while the simple ORC and the ORC with a reheater are the last choice. The effects of the expander inlet pressure, the condenser outlet temperature and the expander isentropic efficiency on system performance of each ORC were also analyzed.     

离心泵恒压变频调整状态下的特性研究

对离心泵在恒压变频调速状态下的特性进行了分析，提出了恒压变频调速幅度的确定方法，介绍了在离心泵定速特性曲线H-Q、N-Q、η-Q的基础上获得其恒压变速状态下[N-Q]、[η-Q]、[n-Q]特性曲线的方法。     

An inverse shock response spectrum

The shock response spectrum (SRS) is a tool commonly used by application engineers that characterizes the severity of a transient acceleration. Due to the definition of the SRS, neither an analytical nor a unique inverse exists for an arbitrary function. An SRS presented without any temporal information makes creating a corresponding acceleration time history for an experimental or numerical study prohibitively difficult without a rigorous method to determine an inverse of the SRS (a corresponding time history). The present work develops a method to calculate an inverse of an arbitrary SRS using three sets of well characterized basis functions: an impulse function, a sine function/damped sine function, and a modified Morlet wavelet. These three basis functions are specifically chosen for the properties of their transformations: the impulse introduces a constant increase to the SRS above a given frequency, the sine wave introduces a narrow peak at a given frequency, and the Morlet wavelet introduces a plateau with an adjustable width and relative height. Using the definition of the SRS, the transformations of the basis functions are calculated and these expressions are used to derive a methodology for calculating an inverse SRS. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by several examples. The quality of an inverse SRS is evaluated by comparing the SRS of the inverse to the target SRS. This method is developed in order to provide a quick estimate of a corresponding time history; in applications where a higher fidelity representation of the SRS is needed than can be provided by the method developed, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the coefficients of the basis functions. Given a sufficient number of basis functions for the optimization, the resulting SRS can almost exactly match a randomly generated target SRS that is nonzero over the frequency range considered. For applications in which the permissable basis functions are limited (such as for an experimental test apparatus), an extension of the genetic algorithm method is discussed.     

袋装物料自动仓储系统设计

物流被称为企业的第三利润源,对企业的发展至关重要。文中以某企业袋装物料仓储车间为例,根据实地调研数据和企业对仓库的升级需求,对该仓库进行自动仓储系统设计。通过滚筒输送线、AGV、工业机器人等设备实现仓储物流设备与生产线对接,形成从包材供应、包装、成品入库、移库、出库的自动仓储系统。     

卫星光通信光学天线轴间距的精确调试

卫星光通信系统的光学天线由物镜和目镜构成,两者在光轴方向的间距对系统的发射和接收性能有重要影响.轴间距通常由干涉仪确定,但干涉仪与光学天线的工作波长不同时会引起镜头组焦距变化,导致物镜和目镜的轴间距存在偏差.为了能利用单波长干涉仪精确调试物镜和目镜的轴间距,本文根据光学天线在干涉测量装置中的程函方程,研究了因波长差异引起的物镜和目镜的轴间距变化量与干涉条纹变化量的相应关系,并据此提出一种能精确调试光学天线物目镜轴间距的方法.提出了几种检验该方法有效性的验证方案,包括实验验证和计算机仿真验证两大类.基于计算机仿真的验证结果表明,卡塞格伦反射式光学天线和透射式光学天线轴间距模拟调试误差分别＜15%和＜3%,仿真误差满足使用要求.