30km分布光纤温度传感器的空间分辨率研究

分布光纤温度传感器是一种比较新型的传感器系统，它可以实时测量空间温度场的分布。空间分辨率是分布光纤温度传感器的一个重要参数。在30km分布光纤温度传感器系统的研制过程中，对系统的空间分辨率进行了优化设计。入射激光脉冲的宽度决定了系统空间分辨率的上限。光电接收系统和电系统的带宽也会影响系统的空间分辨率。电系统的带宽必须和激光脉冲的宽度相匹配。系统的空间分辨率既可以直接测量，也可以通过测量光纤末端菲涅尔反射的半宽度来间接测量。经过优化设计，在30km的系统中，空间分辨率达到了3m。     

基于单光子探测的光子计数光时域反射仪研究进展

基于光时域反射技术（Optical Time Domain Reflectometry, OTDR）的光纤分布式传感器可以实现对整个传感光纤空间可分辨的分布式测量，相比点式传感器具有极大的技术及应用成本优势。而传统的基于模拟探测的OTDR光纤分布式传感器在空间分辨率及动态范围上存在性能瓶颈。基于单光子探测的光子计数OTDR光纤分布式传感系统通过数字化的探测和记录方式，可以突破传统OTDR系统的性能极限。本文对光子计数OTDR系统技术及发展进行了综述，旨在通过本文的综述，明确基于单光子探测的光子计数OTDR系统的优势及限制，以及该技术的未来发展趋势，促进基于OTDR技术的光纤分布式传感器的进一步发展。     

基于宏弯损耗原理的光纤微力传感器北大核心CSCD

针对微操作/微装配系统中夹持力和装配力微小、不易感测,且微器件易变形、断裂等问题,设计一种基于宏弯损耗原理的光纤微力传感器,用于微力传感。建立了光纤微力传感器测量微小力的传感方程,仿真研究了微力传感器结构参数对传感性能的影响,并通过测试验证了理论模型的正确性。结果表明:基于宏弯损耗的光纤微力传感器可实现微小力的绝对测量,并且可以通过优化光纤微力传感器的结构参数,实现分辨率和测量范围的调整。文中研制的光纤微力传感器,分辨率可达6 mN。     

基于全光纤干涉的新型光纤长度测量系统

设计了一种新型的光纤长度测量系统,该系统基于全光纤干涉系统,通过扫频系统和压电陶瓷实现对两束相干光信号的相位差进行调制,并在信号处理端检测出待测光纤的消光频率从而计算出待测光纤长度.与传统的时域反射仪(OTDR)测量方法相比,该系统不存在测量盲区,适用于各种长度光纤的测量.从理论上分析了系统的可行性,并用实验加以验证.实验结果表明该系统的测量结果与OTDR基本一致.     

高空间分辨率分布式光纤测温系统的设计及应用

分布式光纤测温系统是一种新型的线型感温探测器,以光纤作为传感器,可实现沿光纤分布的温度实时测量。理论分析了分布式光纤测温系统的原理以及影响空间分辨率指标的因素,并给出了0.5m高空间分辨率分布式光纤测温系统的设计以及测试情况。将高空间分辨率分布式光纤测温系统应用于电缆温度测量,测量结果表明0.5m空间分辨率下对小区域电缆过热点的探测更为显著,可及时发现潜在的火灾隐患。     

强度调制的光纤布拉格光栅磁场传感器

设计了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅啁啾效应的磁场传感器,导出了光纤布拉格光栅的反射谱带宽与磁感应强度的关系。传感器工作时,磁场中的圆盘形软铁受到通电螺旋管线圈磁场力的作用,引起矩形悬臂梁变形,从而导致粘贴在悬臂梁侧边的光纤布拉格光栅的反射光谱带宽发生变化;利用光谱分析仪,通过检测光纤布拉格光栅反射谱带宽的变化量,即可得到被测磁场磁感应强度的大小。当光谱分析仪的分辨率为0.001nm时,可测量磁感应强度为6~70mT。实验结果表明:该光纤布拉格光栅反射光谱带宽的变化量对温度变化不敏感,当温度从0℃变化到45℃时,3dB带宽的变化小于8pm。实验结果和理论分析一致,表明该方案切实可行。     

高分辨率麦克尔逊光纤应变传感器

运用麦克尔逊干涉结构,采用氦氖激光、单模光纤、光纤耦合器等器件构成光纤应变传感器,利用除法器消除光源幅度干扰,提高系统的分辨率.本文采用在光纤端面镀反射膜的方法提高抗干扰能力;输入、输出在同一侧便于使用;实验结果表明所设计的传感器是正确和可行的.     

基于输出光斑旋转的光纤微弯位移传感器

为研究光纤微弯位移传感器,在单模光纤传输系统中设计了一个光纤圈和光纤微弯传感器。通过改变光纤圈的直径,以获得两个光斑,通过移动光纤微弯传感器,记录输出光斑旋转情况,并分析了传感器的移动位移和输出光斑的旋转角度之间的关系。实验表明,光斑转移角度与传感器位移在一定范围内存在良好的线性响应关系,因此可通过检测光斑图像的旋转来实现位移量的测量。     

多模光纤微弯应变传感器研究

设计了3种不同齿形结构的光纤微弯传感器。传感器中的光纤变形装置是由一个拱型弹性膜片和置于膜片与被测试件之间的一对带齿构成。弹性膜片固定在被测试件上，试件的表面应变带动这一对带齿在光纤横向上的微小位移。改变光纤微弯变形，改变光纤的损耗，从而实现对被测对象的应力、应变测量。对3种不同齿形结构的光纤微弯传感器进行了研究和比较。     

快速、高空间分辨分布式光纤传感技术及其在机械形变和温度监测中的应用

针对未来智能变体飞行器飞行途中机翼形变监测、微创手术中精准介入手术、连续体机器人自动运动轨迹追踪、涡轮叶片温度监测等对抗电磁干扰、精度高、质量轻的分布式传感技术需求,研制了基于光频域反射仪的快速、高空间分辨率分布式光纤传感样机。该样机采用辅助干涉仪的外差拍频信号作为外部时钟,辅助干涉仪选用300 m的延迟光纤,抑制了光源非线性扫频效应,利用偏振分集接收装置消除系统中的偏振衰落效应。在40m传感距离内对CPU和GPU运算时间成本进行了对比,采用GPU加速算法将光频域反射仪的传感速度提升了20倍。对涡轮叶片温度进行监测,其传感采样空间分辨率达到0.76 mm,温度测量精度达到0.4℃。采用该样机实现了二维柔性面板机械形变监测,测量误差低于3%。     

基于光纤传感技术的三维地应力传感器

为了实现对地下岩层空间应力状态及其变化规律的有效监测,基于光纤光栅传感技术与平面应力状态测量原理,提出了一种平面应变花与光纤光栅传感技术相结合的监测方法。通过利用碳纤维层积复合材料对光纤光栅封装做成应变传感单元,九个应变传感单元分别组成两组直角应变花与一组等角应变花,三组应变花分别放置于三个圆柱形探头S1,S2,S3上,三个探头以一定的机械结构连接构成地层空间应力的监测的三维地应力传感装置。对光纤应变传感单元进行温度与应力的标定实验,在室内对整体传感装置进行了应力加载模拟实验。实验结果表明:光纤应变传感单元的应力分辨率为0.017 2 MPa;应力监测为0~60 MPa;探头S1最大主应力的监测平均误差为16.31%,探头S2最大主应力的监测平均误差为24.36%,S3探头的绝对误差为0.006 8 MPa;实际加载应力与传感器测量的应力空间角度误差平均值为1.24°。传感器的监测结果与实际加载应力的变化规律相一致,可满足对地下岩层空间应力状态连续监测的要求。     

A multi-point optical fibre sensor for condition monitoring in process water systems based on pattern recognition

Preliminary results are presented for a multi-point optical fibre sensor designed to detect the presence of chemical species in water at spatial intervals of greater than 20 m. The sensor is addressed using optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) with a spatial resolution of 10 m. The optical signals arising from the OTDR are highly complex due to interfering effects from external parameters such as localised fibre straining and temperature changes. Because of this level of complexity it has been found advantageous to use artificial neural networks (ANNs) as classifiers on the OTDR signals. The preliminary system has been trained initially to recognise only the presence of water, although it is planned to extend this capability to recognise the presence of contaminants in the water such as bacteria and chemical pollutants. Initial investigations show that different contaminants and interfering parameters (cross-sensitivities) may give rise to characteristic signatures on the OTDR signal which may be identified by the pattern recognition software.     

贴装式光纤应变传感器设计

本文导出了任意应变场中任意形状的单模光纤中传输光的相位—应变关系，提出了贴装式干涉型光纤应变传感器的一种新的设计方法，可用于任意类型应变与应力场中考察点处的应变或应力测量。     

光纤磁场传感器的磁场探头设计

光纤磁场传感器的探头是光纤磁场传感器中最关键的部分，它直接影响到传感器的测量精度。根据光纤传感器的测量要求和磁敏元件(磁光晶体：BiGd：YIG-Y3-x-yBixGdyFe3O12)的工作原理及特点，必须在光纤磁场传感器探头中产生线偏振光，同时为了在磁敏元件加入传感器探头后不至于增加固有损耗，故在探头两端使用了两个光纤准直器。介绍了在探头设计中，各部分的工作原理和结构特点。     

DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR FOR LONG-DISTANCE OIL PIPELINE HEALTH

A fully distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS) for monitoring long-distance oil pipeline health is proposed based on optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR). A smart and sensitive optical fiber cable is installed along the pipeline acting as a sensor. The experiments show that the cable swells when exposed to oil and induced additional bending losses inside the fiber, and the optical attenuation of the fiber coated by a thin skin with periodical hardness is sensitive to deformation and vibration caused by oil leakage, tampering, or mechanical impact. The region where the additional attenuation occurred is detected and located by DOFS based on OTDR, the types of pipeline accidents are identified according to the characteristics of transmitted optical power received by an optical power meter. Another prototype of DOFS based on a forward traveling frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) is also proposed to monitor pipeline. The advantages and disadvantages of DOFSs based on OTDR and FMCW are discussed. The experiments show that DOFSs are capable of detecting and locating distant oil pipeline leakages and damages in real time with an estimated precision of ten meters over tens of kilometers.     

Gasoline level sensor based on displacement sensor using fiber coupler

A simple and fire safe gasoline level sensor has been designed based on displacement sensor using fiber coupler. The sensing principle is to detect displacement of reflector, which is attached to membrane (reflector displacement device), due to the change of gasoline hydrostatic pressure. The displacement of reflector can be detected using fiber coupler from the change of optical power light reflected by the reflector. Three kinds of reflector displacement device used in this experiment are one-layer, two-layer, and three-layer membrane. The experimental results are 0–180 cm of dynamic range, 100–140 cm of linear range, 3.2 mV/cm of sensitivity, and 0.6 cm of resolution for reflector displacement device with one-layer membrane for emptying the tank process. The hysteresis data for emptying and filling the tank process yields the mean of difference 20% for one-layer membrane.     

井下光纤式压力温度复合传感器设计

文中介绍光纤技术应用于井下压力温度复合传感器的设计方法,对传感器的结构设计和基本原理进行了探讨,推导出光纤技术测量温度和压力的数学模型,该传感器特别适用于高温高压并需要长线传输的应用场合。     

Fiber optic surface topography measurement sensor and its design study

This paper presents some aspects of design approach, modeling, and experimental measurement results of a fiber optic-based surface topography measurement sensor that can measure surface roughness as well as the distance between the sensor tip and a surface and surface inclination angles. The working principle of the sensor is based on the detection of light intensity reflecting from the surface being measured. The sensor is very small and easy to operate. It can be attached to a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to measure surface position coordinates, inclination angles, and surface roughness in a noncontact manner at one measurement setup. A theoretical model of intensity distribution and intensity detection has been established for the sensor. A three-factor and three-level experiment was designed to investigate the relationship between sensor performance and sensor design parameters. Two second-order regression models have been generated, which show that the central distance between the emitting and receiving fibers of a sensor has the strongest influence on the effective range of the sensor; whereas, the critical angle of a receiving fiber influences the sensitivity of the sensor most.     

一种基于强度调制的新型光纤温度传感器

介绍了一种基于　调制的新型光纤温度传感器，它是通过光刻腐蚀和镀敷金属材料的方法在光纤上直接形成的。对其测温原理进行了研究：刻纹光纤受轴向应变时，其中传输的光信号输出功率对轴向应变相当敏感，很容易测量出光信号输出功率减少，原因是由于刻纹段光纤受轴向应变时纤芯折射率及半径变化的结果，且刻纹段与未刻纹段将发生大小不同的应变。当外界环境温度发生变化时，由敷在刻纹光纤外表面上的金属敷层将随环境温度的变化而热胀冷缩，这样使光纤同时产生一个沿光纤轴方向的拉伸应变。从而导致光纤中输出光功率发生改变。实验结果表明：光纤温度传感器的性能是由其结构参数、金属敷层材料种类及其对称性所决定，具有较好的重复性和较高的温度响应灵敏度。     

光纤、电容液滴传感器的设计研究

光纤、电容液滴分析技术是利用光纤和电容测试技术制成特殊的液滴传感器，获取经过液滴的光强信号随液滴生长变化的规律以及有关液滴体积的信息。文中将具体介绍光纤、电容液滴传感器的工作原理、电容液滴传感器的数学模型和液滴滴头的结构设计，同时给出由传感器获取的与液滴生长过程相关的光纤信号和液滴体积信号。