油液在线监测系统中磨粒识别技术研究

针对磨损状态监测要求,构建了基于显微图像分析的油液在线监测系统。根据系统光路特点,对磨粒图像进行了基于彩色特征的转换,并通过与背景图像的差值处理来快速提取磨粒目标。基于最小二乘支持向量机设计了磨粒两类分类器,并利用粒子群优化算法对最小二乘支持向量机模型中的参数进行了优化选取;根据磨粒识别体系,设计了基于最小二乘支持向量机的磨粒综合分类器。最后,利用铁谱分析技术对系统性能和识别效果进行了检验,结果表明本系统具有较高的检测精度和识别效果。     

支持向量机在油液磨粒在线监测系统中的应用

在发动机油液在线监测系统中,运用支持向量机的方法对油液中的磨粒进行分类识别,并结合运用最近邻法对分类器的训练过程进行优化;其中基于支持向量机的磨粒分类器的输入为磨粒的主轴长度、孔隙率、圆度、角二阶矩、梯度熵和纹理相关性等参数,输出为滑动磨粒、切削磨粒、球状磨粒和疲劳剥块4种磨粒种类;搭建油液在线监测实验平台进行磨粒分类识别实验,结果表明,基于支持向量机的磨粒分类器的分类准确率高达94.7%,并且由于最近邻法的使用分类器的处理速度也提高了30%.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的电力变压器故障诊断

文章提出使用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)作为分层决策电力变压器故障诊断模型.首先根据DGA技术以及相关统计分析,选择典型油中故障气体的相对含量作为特征量,然后利用数值预处理后得到的数据样本分别对四级最小支持向量机分类器进行训练和识别,并最后判断输出变压器所处的状态,且针对最小二乘支持向量机存在的参数选择问题,使用了多层动态自适应优化算法来优化最小二乘支持向量机参数.仿真结果表明LS-SVM是一种较为有效的非线性建模方法,具有较快的收敛速度和较高的计算精度,满足电力变压器故障诊断的要求.     

采用SVM的磨粒分类识别方法研究

为克服传统磨粒识别分类器训练时需要大量特征样本的缺点,设计一种基于多元支持向量机(Multi-Support Vector Machine,Multi-SVM)的磨粒识别分类器.支持向量机(SVM)是一种新的机器学习方法,在小样本和高维二元分类方面有非常突出的优点.实验证明,依据此优点设计的多元支持向量机磨粒分类器模型,不仅可以在小样本情形下对模型进行快速训练,而且可以快速识别多种磨粒类型,同时识别率也比传统的神经网络方法有较大提高,从而达到了提高设备监测和故障诊断效率的目的.     

基于粒子群优化的VB-LSSVM算法研究辛烷值预测建模

针对现有红外线分析仪表无法实现阶段在线检测车用汽油调合中,MMT抗爆剂对辛烷值的影响问题,考虑到样本数据较少的因素,提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的矢量基最小二乘支持向量机方法,首先以粒子群优化的方法来选取最小二乘支持向量机的模型参数,然后用矢量基判据选择支持向量,使最小二乘支持向量机的解具有稀疏性.该方法不但克服了常用的交叉验证法的耗时与盲目性问题,发挥了最小二乘支持向量机的小样本学习和计算简单的特点,而且提高了最小二乘支持向量机模型的泛化能力,将其应用于汽油调合系统中研究法辛烷值的预测,仿真结果表明,该方法是可行且有效的.     

基于小波包分析和LS-SVM的钻削刀具状态识别研究

为了有效地识别钻削刀具磨损状态,提出一种基于小波包分析和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的状态识别方法。通过在线监测钻削加工过程中的钻削轴向力和刀具状态,采用时域分析、频域分析以及小波包分析法对刀具磨损状态的信号进行特征向量提取,建立基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的分类识别模型。通过试验验证了该方法可以提高刀具磨损状态的识别精度。     

基于分层模糊支持向量机的油液磨粒自动识别

提出基于模糊支持向量机的机械设备在用油液磨粒自动识别方法。首先利用K-均值聚类算法对磨粒图像进行分割,提取磨粒的形状尺寸特征参数、边缘细节特征参数、表面纹理特征参数作为其量化表征,分别选择最能反映待识别磨粒特征的参数作为各个二分类器的输入向量;然后结合二叉树法和一对多法间接构造磨粒的分层多类别分类器模型,在训练过程中同时利用粒子群算法优化分类器的参数,建立一种参数自适应的模糊支持向量机分层多类别分类模型。将该模型应用到旋挖钻机在用油液的磨损颗粒识别中,识别率最高达90%。该模型结构简单、分类精度好,在磨粒识别领域较大的工程应用价值。     

基于离散Curvelet变换和LS-SVM的虹膜特征提取与识别

提出了一种基于离散曲波变换和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的虹膜特征提取与分类识别的新方法。对虹膜纹理采用离散Curvelet变换,提取低频子带系数矩阵的均值方差和高频子带能量作为虹膜图像的特征向量,利用最优二叉树多类LS-SVM分类器进行分类与识别。MATLAB仿真实验结果表明,与现有方法相比,该算法识别准确率较高,能有效应用于身份认证系统中。     

LCD—GA—LSSVM集成分类器及其在齿轮故障诊断中的应用研究

针对齿轮故障诊断模式识别问题,在综合局部特征尺度分解、遗传算法及最小二乘支持向量机学习算法各自优点的基础上,提出了一种新的局部特征尺度分解—遗传算法—最小二乘支持向量机(LCD-GA-LSSVM)集成分类器模型。在该模型中,利用局部特征尺度分解算法实现对样本数据的特征选取;最小二乘支持向量机实现样本特征向量与故障模式之间的非线性映射;遗传算法用于实现对最小二乘支持向量机的参数进行优化以使其泛化能力达到最优。经过实验分析与验证,LCD-GA-LSSVM集成分类器对齿轮正常、齿根裂纹、齿面磨损、轮齿折断、局部齿形误差、复合故障等6种运行状态120组测试样本的识别率达到了93.33%。     

核极化的多核LSSVM及其在分类中的应用

为了解决最小二乘支持向量机对于选择核函数盲目性的问题,将核度量标准核极化和多核学习引入最小二乘支持向量机中,提出了基于核极化的多核最小二乘支持向量机算法。算法首先利用核极化确定每个基本核函数的权系数,再根据多核学习原理组合多核函数,然后,建立多核最小二乘支持向量机模型,并进行模型的学习训练和预测。UCI数据上的试验结果表明,所提出的算法比SVM、最小二乘支持向量机和其他的多核学习方法具有更高的分类准确率。     

Intelligent identification of wear mechanism via on-line ferrograph images

Condition based maintenance（CBM） issues a new challenge of real-time monitoring for machine health maintenance. Wear state monitoring becomes the bottle-neck of CBM due to the lack of on-line information acquiring means. The wear mechanism judgment with characteristic wear debris has been widely adopted in off-line wear analysis; however, on-line wear mechanism characterization remains a big problem. In this paper, the wear mechanism identification via on-line ferrograph images is studied. To obtain isolated wear debris in an on-line ferrograph image, the deposition mechanism of wear debris in on-line ferrograph sensor is studied. The study result shows wear debris chain is the main morphology due to local magnetic field around the deposited wear debris. Accordingly, an improved sampling route for on-line wear debris deposition is designed with focus on the self-adjustment deposition time. As a result, isolated wear debris can be obtained in an on-line image, which facilitates the feature extraction of characteristic wear debris. By referring to the knowledge of analytical ferrograph, four dimensionless morphological features, including equivalent dimension, length-width ratio, shape factor, and contour fractal dimension of characteristic wear debris are extracted for distinguishing four typical wear mechanisms including normal, cutting, fatigue, and severe sliding wear. Furthermore, a feed-forward neural network is adopted to construct an automatic wear mechanism identification model. By training with the samples from analytical ferrograph, the model might identify some typical characteristic wear debris in an on-line ferrograph image. This paper performs a meaningful exploratory for on-line wear mechanism analysis, and the obtained results will provide a feasible way for on-line wear state monitoring.     

图像可视在线铁谱传感器的图像数字化处理技术

为实现图像可视在线铁谱传感器的磨粒图像自动辨识,建立数字图像获取系统,探讨铁谱图像数字化处理方法。研究了铁谱图像的预处理方法,对比在RGB和YUV颜色空间对铁谱图像的灰度化处理效果,采用不同的微分模板对平滑后图像进行锐化处理;探讨减背景法和自动阈值法在铁谱图像磨粒分割中的应用效果;给出适用于在线铁谱图像的定量描述方法。研究表明,采用YUV颜色空间的明视度分量可以得到平滑的灰度图像,合理的模板选择可以使微分法在锐化磨粒边缘的同时保持整体图像的平滑;铁谱图像的磨粒分割结果表明,减背景法由于采用人工选取门限值而难以适用于在线铁谱图像的处理,而自动阈值法可以根据铁谱图像自动选取合适的阈值以达到良好的分割效果;采用磨粒百分覆盖面积作为定量指标可反应良好分割的铁谱图像中的磨粒统计质量分数。     

A New On-Line Visual Ferrograph

An on-line visual ferrograph (OLVF) characterized by direct reading and on-line analysis was developed based on magnetic deposition and image analysis. A digital sensor was integrated with a CMOS image sensor to obtain images of deposited wear debris under illumination conditions. An electromagnetic instrument was designed to deposit the wear debris flowing through an oil flow channel. The oil flow channel, fixed on the electromagnet, was arranged parallel to the magnetic flux in the air gap between two electromagnet poles. The deposition effect on wear debris was analyzed theoretically. The result shows that the wear debris in different sizes can be deposited in the same zone by controlling the oil flow rate and magnet field intensity. Corresponding application software for image sampling and processing was developed. An index of relative wear debris concentration, IPCA (Index of Particle Coverage Area), is given as an output in addition to wear debris images. Finally, two kinds of experiments were specified to assess the effect and validity of the OLVF. The results show that the OLVF has effective deposition and identification for both relatively large and small wear debris with rational control parameters. The validity examinations with the commercial particle quantifier (PQ) and direct reading ferrograph (DR) show that the OLVF has an approaching trend to the reference instruments in both heavily and lightly contaminated oil.     

Watershed-Based Morphological Separation of Wear Debris Chains for On-Line Ferrograph Analysis

Separation and characterization of wear debris from ferrograph images are demanded for on-line analysis. However, particle overlapping issue associated with wear debris chains has markedly limited this technique due to the difficulty in effectively segmenting individual particles from the chains. To solve this bottleneck problem, studies were conducted in this paper to establish a practical method for wear debris separation for on-line analysis. Two conventional watershed approaches were attempted. Accordingly, distance-based transformation had a problem with oversegmentation, which led to overcounting of wear debris. Another method, by integrating the ultimate corrosion and condition expansion (UCCE), introduced boundary-offset errors that unavoidably affected the boundary identification between particles, while varying the corrosion scales and adopting a low-pass filtering method improved the UCCE with satisfactory results. Finally, together with a termination criterion, an automatic identification process was applied with real on-line wear debris images sampled from a mineral scraper gearbox. With the satisfactory separation result, several parameters for characterization were extracted and some statistics were constructed to obtain an overall evaluation of existing particles. The proposed method shows a promising prospect in on-line wear monitoring with deep insight into wear mechanism.     

磨粒三维测量的立体视觉方法

磨粒信息是评估接触表面摩擦学行为的主要依据。提出了一种基于普通光学显微镜的磨粒三维测量方法。该方法根据双目立体视觉的深度感知机理，利用光学显微镜模拟体视模式进行光学成像，并辅助相应的匹配方法和计算方法处理像对，来获取微粒的厚度尺寸，并根据高度分布重建了磨粒的表面形态。该方法有一定的实用性，开发了实际的测量系统，并给出了实验结果。     

电感式磨粒传感器中铁磁质磨粒特性仿真研究

针对机械装置的在线监测传感器,模拟了铁磁质磨粒通过传感器过程中传感器线圈的磁场和感应线圈的感应电压瞬态变化特性.考虑了线圈与铁磨粒的材料、线圈匝数和激励线圈的输入电压等因素,应用Jmag Designer I0.4软件建立了传感器的二维有限元模型.仿真结果揭示了磨粒运动过程中线圈磁场与感应线圈中感应电压的变化规律,获得了感应电压与球形磨粒的直径大小的立方成正比,与磨粒运行速度成正比.研究结果对于电感式磨粒传感器的开发具有重要的指导价值.     

Advances in research on a multi-channel on-line ferrograph

This paper introduces the basic principle, functions and test results of a multi-channel on-line ferrograph. The instrument catches wear debris with an electromagnet, detects wear debris with a photoelectric sensor, and controls sampling and data processing with an 8098 single-chip microprocessor which can communicate with a master computer. The instrument has four sampling channels, which can monitor not only one machine but also four machines one by one. The software of the instrument includes five modules which are a main program, a keyboard control program, a floating point operation program, a serial communication program and a self-checking program. The results of experiments on a gear box show that increasing average values detected by the instrument correspond to increasing load, so the instrument can meet the need for on-line monitoring of the wear condition of machines.