AZ31镁合金的阳极氧化新工艺

开发了一种应用于AZ31镁合金的环保型阳极氧化工艺，讨论了电解液成分、电参数、控制方式、封孔工艺和溶液温度等对阳极氧化的成膜过程以及膜层性能的影响。结果表明：选用KOH、Na2BO4、Na3PO4及成膜添加剂组成的环保型电解液，控制适当的反应参数，能在镁合金AZ31上形成耐蚀性能高、膜层致密的阳极氧化膜，其性能与电解液的组分有较大的关系，最后的封孔处理能提高阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性。     

镁合金表面微弧氧化技术研究进展与展望

综述了镁合金微弧氧化技术的研究现状,介绍了微弧氧化生成膜层的机理,电解液、添加剂以及电参数对氧化膜层性能的影响,不同后处理对膜层的改善作用。探讨了镁合金微弧氧化技术今后的发展趋势。     

LY12铝合金微弧氧化配方的优化

在大量试验的基础上，采用3因素3水平的正交试验方法，从考察耐腐蚀性、膜层厚度、膜层硬度出发，确定LY12铝合金在硅酸盐体系下微弧氧化电解液优选配方，并研究了在此配方基础上生成的微弧氧化涂层的微观形貌和相结构，陶瓷层表面微孔较小，膜层均匀致密。     

AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化低能耗的电解质配方研究

利用自制微弧氧化装置在铝酸盐体系中对AZ91D镁合金进行微弧氧化处理.采用多重正交试验,从考察膜层厚度、单位能耗和耐蚀性出发,确定了AZ91D镁合金在铝酸盐体系中的最佳工艺参数.结果表明:在最佳电解质配方下,处理过程工作电压约在120 V,电流密度可以低到0.5 A/dm2,生长1 μm陶瓷涂层的单位面积能耗仅为456 W/(m2·μm).微弧氧化膜呈多孔结构、孔径较小,裂纹较少,分布均匀,膜层较为致密;微弧氧化膜由MgO和MgAl2O4组成;处理后AZ91D镁合金样品的腐蚀电流密度为0.014 μA/cm2,比未处理合金降低了接近3个数量级.     

铝及铝合金等离子体微弧氧化技术的研究

等离子体微弧氧化是一种直接在有色金属表面原位生长陶瓷膜的新技术。利用该技术可在铝及其合金表面的陶瓷膜层结构致密，结合好，具有优良的综合力学性能，近年来该领域的研究一直较为活跃,是一项具有广阔应用前景的技术。文中综述了国内外微弧氧化技术的研究现状，概括了微弧氧化的基本原理、制备方法和工艺特点，以及膜层的结构和性能特点，并展望了该技术的应用及发展趋势。     

AZ31B镁合金/6061铝合金异质金属连接件整体微弧氧化膜的制备及其结构

对AZ31B镁合金和6061铝合金异质金属铆接件进行了微弧氧化,研究了不同时间微弧氧化膜的微观形貌、物相组成、电化学性能、硬度等,对比分析了微弧氧化过程中镁合金、铝合金表面氧化膜的形成过程。结果表明:经过10min的微弧氧化后,该连接件整体被氧化膜包裹,氧化膜与2种合金基体均紧密连接,且均由致密层和疏松层组成;镁合金表面氧化膜主要由MgO、少量硅酸盐和氟化物组成,而铝合金表面氧化膜主要由Al_2O_3及少量硅酸盐组成;微弧氧化提高了连接件中镁合金、铝合金的腐蚀电位,降低了二者的腐蚀电位差,有效缓解了电偶腐蚀的发生。     

基于镁合金微弧氧化膜层的腐蚀实验研究

本文主要通过微弧氧化工艺优化了AZ31B镁合金的腐蚀性能。在硅酸盐电解液里边,通过改变微弧氧化频率、占空比、电流密度、微弧氧化时间做了四因素三水平的正交实验,发现当频率为1000Hz、占空比为20%、电流密度为1.2A、时间为10min时,膜层自腐蚀电位最低。相较于镁合金基体,自腐蚀电位增加了522mV,极大的降低了镁合金自发性腐蚀的倾向性,因此提高了AZ31B镁合金的耐蚀性。     

电解液中Na2CO3/C6H12O6对AZ31镁合金阳极氧化膜结构与耐腐蚀性能的影响

在添加不同含量Na2CO3和C6H12O6的NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7基础电解液中,对AZ31镁合金进行直流阳极氧化处理,研究了镁合金阳极氧化膜的微观结构以及在中性盐雾中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:镁合金阳极氧化膜主要由MgO相和Mg2SiO4相组成;电解液中添加Na2CO3和C6H12O6后,阳极氧化膜表面微孔分布均匀且尺寸减小,阳极氧化膜厚度增加;当Na2CO3质量浓度由10g·L^-1增加到30g·L^-1时,微孔尺寸增大,氧化膜厚度减小;当C6H12O6质量浓度由5g·L^-1增加到15g·L^-1时,微孔尺寸减小,阳极氧化膜厚度增加;镁合金阳极氧化膜的主要腐蚀形式为点蚀,呈河流状花样分布;电解液中添加10g·L^-1 Na2CO3时,阳极氧化膜表面微孔最细小,孔径为1~3μm,阳极氧化膜厚度达16μm,阳极氧化膜具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。     

LY12试件厚度及微弧氧化膜厚对疲劳性能影响

微弧氧化是一种新兴的表面处理技术,利用微弧氧化技术在铝及铝合金材料表面生成陶瓷层,该膜层耐磨,耐腐蚀,耐高温冲击等性能明显优于传统阳极氧化膜.本文对试件厚度与LY12-CZ铝合金微弧氧化膜层厚度关系进行了研究.研究表明,试件厚度影响微弧氧化后不同膜厚的试件疲劳特性,试件厚度为2 mm时,膜厚10～20 μm微弧氧化对试件疲劳寿命有提高;试件厚度3 mm时,膜厚10～25 μm,微弧氧化使试件疲劳寿命略有降低;预腐蚀疲劳实验表明,微弧氧化试件腐蚀疲劳寿命比普通阳极化试件的腐蚀疲劳寿命高.     

不同表面处理对AZ91D镁合金耐蚀性的影响研究

通过中性盐雾腐蚀试验,对镁合金化学氧化和微弧氧化后表面膜层的耐蚀性能进行了比较。结果表明,镁合金经过化学氧化和微弧氧化后,耐蚀性能均有提高,但是微弧氧化后镁合金表面形貌要优于化学氧化,从微观结构解释了不同膜层腐蚀形式不同的原因。     

AZ91镁合金表面微弧氧化膜微观结构的TEM表征

在硅酸盐碱性电解液中,以AZ91镁合金为基体采用恒电流控制模式制备出微弧氧化陶瓷薄膜,采用透射电镜对微弧氧化膜的微观结构进行了分析,并测试了相关性能。结果表明:镁合金在以硅酸盐溶液为主的电解液中进行微弧氧化形成的产物主要是纳米晶MgO和MgAl2O4,并且形成了少量的非晶态物质和一定比例的较粗大MgO、MgAl2O4和MgSiO3晶粒,但这些粗大晶粒尺寸也在100~300 nm之间;形成的晶粒之所以如此细小主要是由于微弧氧化过程是一个快速烧结和快速冷凝的过程;制备的氧化膜在中性盐雾36 h后的腐蚀率小于0.09 g.cm-2.d-1,而显微硬度在1 000 HV以上。     

铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜形成电解液组分优化

基于非对称双向脉冲电源,用L9(34)正交试验法优化了电解液组分。用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)观察和分析了陶瓷层的组织特征和物相组成,并用点滴和全浸试验衡量膜层的耐腐蚀性。较佳的电解液配方为:磷酸盐15 g/L,硅酸盐10 g/L,碳酸盐5 g/L,络合剂4 g/L。膜层的相组成和耐腐蚀性与电解液的浓度密切相关,当浓度较低时,膜层由晶态Al2O3组成;当浓度较高时,膜层由含有较多显微裂纹的非晶态Al2O3组成;当浓度适中时,可获得主要由非晶态组成的致密Al2O3陶瓷层,该膜层表现出优异的耐腐蚀性能。     

脉冲频率对钛合金微弧氧化膜的影响

采用交流微弧氧化法于NazSiO3和Na3PO4的混合溶液中,在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备了氧化物陶瓷膜;研究了脉冲频率对氧化膜厚度、表面形貌、物相组成和耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:随着脉冲频率的增高,氧化膜的厚度逐渐减小,氧化膜表面的孔径尺寸减小,微孔数量逐渐增多;氧化膜主要由锐钛矿相和金红石相两种TiO2组成,当脉冲频率低于500 Hz时,频率对氧化膜各相含量的影响不明显;当脉冲频率超过500 Hz时,随着频率的增高,氧化膜中金红石相TiO2的含量稍有增加;表面覆盖氧化膜的Ti6Al4V钛合金在30%硫酸中的耐腐蚀性能比表面未覆盖氧化膜的有明显提高.     

Local arc discharge mechanism and requirements of power supply in micro-arc oxidation of magnesium alloy

To study the requirements of the power supply in micro-arc oxidation (MAO) of magnesium alloy, many experiments were performed under the DC, unipolar, and ambipolar pulse output modes. Based on the experimental results and electric arc theory, the separate local arc discharge mechanism was put forward. It is considered that magnesium MAO process consists of three stages including anodic oxidation, micro-arc oxidation, and large-arc discharge in turn with increasing source voltage. The MAO film is composed of metal oxides that resulted from numerous discrete local arc discharges, which accumulate the non-equilibrium structure after undergoing sudden heating and cooling cycles. Separate local arc discharge is caused by the process in which the oxygen-based gas is ionized in the conduct channel bearing electric field intensity, changed from insulator to conductor that presents sharp negative resistance effect, and produced partially high temperature to ignite locally metal oxidation. The local arc discharge model is described as four courses: gas created from electrolysis, arc discharge, metals oxidization, and cooling and shrinking of oxides. The purpose of pulse supply is to inhibit the large-arc discharge by intervening proper cooling time, which cannot be actualized by a unipolar pulse mode because of the strong capacitive load characteristics but can be reached by an ambipolar pulse supply because the negative pulse period acts as cooling time. Using a discharge loop to remove the influence of load capacitive, a new type of pulse power supply for MAO is developed, so that the large-arc problem is resolved effectively, the film-forming efficiency is improved, and the pollution of the film and electrolyte caused by negative voltage is avoided.     

Local arc discharge mechanism and requirements of power supply in micro-arc oxidation of magnesium alloy

To study the requirements of the power supply in micro-arc oxidation (MAO) of magnesium alloy, many experiments were performed under the DC, unipolar, and ambipolar pulse output modes. Based on the experimental results and electric arc theory, the separate local arc discharge mechanism was put forward. It is considered that magnesium MAO process consists of three stages including anodic oxidation, micro-arc oxidation, and large-arc discharge in turn with increasing source voltage. The MAO film is composed of metal oxides that resulted from numerous discrete local arc discharges, which accumulate the non-equilibrium structure after undergoing sudden heating and cooling cycles. Separate local arc discharge is caused by the process in which the oxygen-based gas is ionized in the conduct channel bearing electric field intensity, changed from insulator to conductor that presents sharp negative resistance effect, and produced partially high temperature to ignite locally metal oxidation. The local arc discharge model is described as four courses: gas created from electrolysis, arc discharge, metals oxidization, and cooling and shrinking of oxides. The purpose of pulse supply is to inhibit the large-arc discharge by intervening proper cooling time, which cannot be actualized by a unipolar pulse mode because of the strong capacitive load characteristics but can be reached by an ambipolar pulse supply because the negative pulse period acts as cooling time. Using a discharge loop to remove the influence of load capacitive, a new type of pulse power supply for MAO is developed, so that the large-arc problem is resolved effectively, the film-forming efficiency is improved, and the pollution of the film and electrolyte caused by negative voltage is avoided.     

Evolution of residual stresses in micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings on 6061 Al alloy

Most researches on micro-arc oxidation mainly focus on the application rather than discovering the evolution of residual stresses. However, residual stresses in the surface coatings of structural components have adverse effects on their properties, such as fatigue life, dimensional stability and corrosion resistance, etc. The micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings are produced on the surfaces of 6061 aluminum alloy by a homemade asymmetric AC type of micro-arc oxidation equipment of 20 kW. A constant current density of 4.4___0.1 A/dm2 and a self-regulated composite electrolyte are used. The micro-arc oxidation treatment period ranges from 10 min to 40 min, and the thickness of the ceramic coatings is more than 20 Bin. Residual stresses attributed to 7-A1203 constituent in the coatings at different micro-arc oxidation periods are analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer using the sin2~u method. The analysis results show that the residual stress in the ceramic coatings is compressive in nature, and it increases first and then decreases with micro-arc oxidation time increase. The maximum stress value is 1 667_＋20 MPa for period of 20 min. Through analyzing the coating thickness, surface morphology and phase composition, it is found that the residual stress in the ceramic coatings is linked closely with the coating growth, the phase composition and the micro cracks formed. It is also found that both the heat treatment and the ultrasonic action release remarkably the residual compressive stress. The heat treatment makes the residual compressive stress value decrease 1 378 MPa. The ultrasonic action even alters the nature of the residual stress, making the residual compressive stress change into a residual tensile stress.     

试验次数对AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化的影响

在硅酸盐体系中,研究了试验次数对微弧氧化起弧电压和终止电压以及膜层微观结构和性能的影响,并初步探讨电解液老化的原因。研究表明,随着试验次数的增加,起弧电压、终止电压、膜层厚度、粗糙度、膜层的微观结构及其宏观质量的变化各不相同;电解液的老化与沉淀的出现有关。     

镀镍石墨磁性纳米粒子对ZL109微弧氧化反应过程及膜层耐磨性能影响

为进一步探索微弧氧化反应过程中微弧氧化陶瓷层表面形貌、孔隙率等基本特征的受控机制,创新地提出向微弧氧化电解液中引入磁性粒子,即镀镍石墨磁性纳米粒子,探索磁性添加剂粒子对微弧氧化反应过程及膜层耐磨性能的影响.从膜层表面形貌、横截面形貌、孔隙率、平均孔径、厚度、表面粗糙度、反应能耗及物相组成等方面对微弧氧化反应过程进行了分...     

Investigating Corrosion Performance and Corrosive Wear Behavior of Sol–gel/MAO-Coated Mg Alloy

In this study, a hydroxyapatite composite coating was prepared by a sol–gel technique on the micro-arc oxidation (MAO)-coated AZ31 Mg alloy to seal the micro-pores. The composite coating achieved a larger hardness value and two times thickness more than pure MAO coating. The corrosion and wear resistance of the sol–gel/MAO coating in simulated body fluid were investigated compared to MAO coating. It was found that the composite coating presented a positive corrosion potential and a lower corrosion current density than MAO coating. The sol–gel/MAO composite coating could provide more effective barrier against corrosive ions than single MAO coating for AZ31 alloy. In the wear tests, a ball-on-disk tribometer was used to study the effect of loads on the wear properties of the coatings at 37 °C. The wear resistance of sol–gel/MAO composite coatings was apparently superior to MAO coating. The wear mechanisms of abrasion and adhesion in composite coatings are investigated. Finally, two physical models for the corrosion and sliding wear mechanisms of sol–gel/MAO composite coatings are proposed, respectively.     

Friction and wear properties of duplex MAO/CrN coatings sliding against Si3N4 ceramic balls in air, water and oil

It is evident that the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic coatings often exhibit relatively high friction coefficients as sliding against many mating materials. To reduce the friction coefficient for the MAO coatings, the duplex MAO/CrN coatings were deposited on 2024Al alloy using combined micro-arc oxidation and reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and phase of the duplex coatings were observed and determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The friction and wear behaviors of the duplex coatings sliding against Si₃N₄ balls in air, water and oil were investigated using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The wear rate of the duplex coating was determined by non-contact optical profilometer and the wear tracks on the duplex coatings were observed by SEM. The results showed the CrN coatings mainly consisted of Cr, CrN and Cr₂N phases. The duplex coatings/Si₃N₄ tribopair exhibited the highest friction coefficient in air, while displayed the lowest friction coefficient in oil. When the normal load and the sliding speed increased, the friction coefficient in air increased from 0.65 to 0.72, whereas decreased from 0.58 to 0.36 in water and 0.20 to 0.08 in oil. The specific wear rates for the duplex coatings in air were higher than those in oil. In comparison to the MAO coatings, the duplex MAO/CrN coatings displayed excellent tribological properties under the same conditions.