ABC-VMD和包络谱分析在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

针对齿轮箱故障的非线性、非稳定性特点,提出了一种参数优化变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)提取特征频率的方法。首先,利用人工蜂群算法(Artificial bee colony algorithm,简称ABC)对VMD分解的层数和惩罚因子进行自适应选择;其次,根据互信息法在VMD分解后得到的有限个本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)中选择最佳模态函数;最后,对该模态函数进行包络谱分析,有效提取齿轮故障特征频率。仿真与实验结果表明,与经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)以及基于粒子群优化算法(Particle swarm optimization,简称PSO)的变分模态分解方法相比较,ABC-VMD方法自适应性强,可以有效克服模态混叠、信号丢失及过度分解问题,能够准确诊断齿轮箱故障,同时避免PSO-VMD易陷入局部最优的缺点。     

变分模态分解在转子故障诊断中的应用

针对转子故障诊断问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)的信号处理方法。该方法在获取分解分量的过程中通过迭代搜寻变分模型最优解来确定每个分量的频率中心及带宽,从而能够自适应地实现信号的频域剖分及各分量的有效分离,对各单分量信号进行希尔伯特变换,即可得到瞬时的频率和幅值信息。对仿真信号和典型转子故障信号进行VMD方法和经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)方法的分析比较,以验证所提方法的有效性。仿真信号的分解结果表明,变分模态能够准确分离出信号中的固有模态分量且不存在模态混叠;转子故障实验信号的分析结果表明,所提方法能够有效提取出明显的故障特征,从而准确诊断出转子存在的故障。     

基于VMD与KFCM的柴油机故障诊断算法

针对柴油机的故障诊断问题，提出了一种基于变分模态分解（variational mode decomposition，简称VMD）与核模糊C均值聚类算法（kernel fuzzy C-means clustering，简称KFCM）联合的故障诊断方法。首先，针对VMD算法中分解层数K的选择问题进行了自适应优化；然后，从优化VMD算法的分解结果中选取3个关键分量计算最大奇异值，并将其作为3维的特征向量输入KFCM算法中进行分类识别；最后，对仿真信号以及某型柴油机的模拟故障实验信号使用优化VMD、传统VMD和经验模态分解（empirical mode decomposition，简称EMD）方法分别进行分解与识别。结果表明，笔者提出的方法明显改善了模态混叠现象，提高了模式识别的诊断正确率，提出的联合算法具有更好的应用前景。     

基于VMD的故障特征信号提取方法

变模式分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)能够将多分量信号一次性分解成多个单分量调幅调频信号(variational intrinsic mode function,简称VIMF),但对噪声比较敏感。利用VMD对噪声的敏感特性,提出了一种基于VMD的降噪方法。利用排列熵定量确定VMD分解后各分量的含噪程度,对高噪分量直接剔除,对低噪分量进行Savitzky-Golay平滑处理,然后重构信号。运用该方法降噪后,对重构信号进行变模式分解,能够有效提取故障特征信号。仿真和实例分析表明,基于VMD的降噪方法的降噪效果优于小波变换降噪方法,VMD能有效提取故障特征信号。     

基于优化VMD与欧氏距离的柴油机故障识别

为实现利用单一通道信号通过同一方法区分多种发动机故障的目的，笔者对现有算法进行了优化以提取振动信号中的故障特征。首先，针对变分模式分解（variational mode decomposition,简称VMD）的分解层数选择困难问题，文中以几种不同类型故障的频率特征为基础，优化了其中心频率迭代初始值，在保证准确性的前提下提高了算法的计算效率与简便性；然后，利用鲁棒性独立分量分析（Robust independent component analysis,简称Robust ICA）对VMD处理结果再次分解，分析发动机中可能存在的不同振源的同频率信号，并将两个阶段分解结果重构信号的四阶累积量作为故障判定指标。结果表明：以模糊C均值聚类（fuzzy C-means clustering,简称FCM）确定的聚类中心为参考点，利用各个工况点与喷油故障聚类中心的欧氏距离区分故障类型，取得了较高的正确率。     

基于DS⁃VMD及相关峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了自适应确定变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)的有关参数,减少轴承振动信号处理过程中对先验知识的依赖,提出了一种基于微分搜索(differential search,简称DS)的VMD参数自适应寻优算法,结合相关峭度指标实现轴承故障特征自适应提取。首先,采用DS算法对VMD的相关参数进行自适应寻优,并对信号进行VMD;其次,计算各本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,简称IMF)的相关峭度值,并利用该指标对各分量进行加权重构;然后,对重构信号进行包络谱分析以提取轴承故障特征;最后,将所提出方法与通过经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)方法及人为确定参数的传统VMD进行对比。仿真信号和实验数据分析表明:DS算法可有效确定VMD相关参数组合,且所提出方法可以更加准确、有效地识别出滚动轴承故障特征频率;与快速峭度图方法对比,所提出方法依然可以获得更好的结果。     

基于集合经验模式分解的汽油机爆震特征提取

爆震特征提取是汽油机点火闭环控制的前提和基础。基于集合经验模式分解(Ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD),提出一种汽油机爆震特征提取方法。EEMD通过对信号加入有限幅度的高斯白噪声,利用高斯白噪声频率均匀分布的统计特性使信号在不同尺度上保持连续性,有效地抑制经验模式分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)的模式混叠问题。研究了利用EEMD和EMD两种方法分别从汽油机缸内压力信号和缸盖振动信号中提取爆震特征的可行性和有效性。试验结果表明,对于缸内压力信号,EEMD和EMD均能提取出爆震特征;对于缸盖振动信号,EEMD可以提取出爆震特征,而EMD则由于模式混叠的影响,无法提取爆震特征。     

盲VMD-Cepstral在轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对滚动轴承早期故障诊断困难的问题,从经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)以及包络谱出发,为解决EMD抗噪效果较差、具有端点效应等局限性,提出了盲变分模态分解(variational modal decomposition,简称VMD)-主成分分析(principal component analysis,简称PCA)-包络谱熵结合倒谱包络的轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对滚动轴承的振动信号进行了变分模态分解;其次,对分解得到的分量进行PCA去相关处理;然后,对分量计算包络谱熵,选择熵值小于其平均值的分量进行信号重构;最后,对重构的信号进行倒谱包络分析。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提取出滚动轴承的故障频率,从而判断出滚动轴承的损伤位置,并且具有良好的抗噪能力。     

应用VMD与Teager能量算子的结构模态系统辨识

针对变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)参数选择对结构模态特征识别的影响,应用VMD和Teager能量算子(Teager energy operator,简称TEO)提出了一种新的结构系统辨识方法,根据VMD层数参量K的变化寻找稳定的极点,用于识别结构模态特性。为了满足TEO对单分量的要求,采用VMD方法将振动信号分解成不同尺度的细节信号(band-limited intrinsic mode function,简称BIMF)。对BIMF使用TEO法估计固有频率与阻尼比,使用层数参量K时形成的稳态极点判断真实结构模态系统参数,去除虚假分量。进行了数值和实验验证,并与传统方法进行比较,结果表明,所提出的方法在传统模态分析与环境激励的模态分析均为有效、准确且可行的。     

基于VMD的声音信号增强算法研究

为提高声音信号增强效果,减小实际信号的计算量,利用可变模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,VMD)与相关系数以及能量的起始点检测准则相结合提出一种新的信号增强算法。该算法首先利用能量的起始点检测准则判断出实际信号的起始点提取有效信号;利用VMD分解该信号,计算分解后各本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF)与原始信号的相关系数;利用预设的相关系数阈值来自适应确定有效IMF,利用有效的IMF重构信号。为了评估该算法的增强效果,利用该算法与经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)算法进行对比分析。理论分析和试验结果表明:提出的算法在相同信噪比不同采样频率以及不同输入信噪比的条件下获得的输出信噪比都高于EMD算法,从而验证了该算法的稳定性和准确性。     

Compound fault diagnosis of bearings using improved fast spectral kurtosis with VMD

The fast spectrum kurtosis (FSK) algorithm can adaptively identify resonance bands of a signal, and fault characteristics can be extracted by analyzing the selected frequency bands. However, in practical applications, the bearing failure may be composed of various faults (inner ring/outer ring/rolling element) and the faults may be located in different resonant bands. Due to the interference between different fault components and noise, the weak components may be submerged when FSK is used to deal with compound fault signals. To improve the accuracy of an FSK processing compound fault located in different resonance bands, an improved FSK method combined with the variational mode decomposition (VMD) is proposed. First, the parameters (number of components K / penalty factor α ) in the VMD decomposition are selected, and the original compound fault signal is preprocessed by VMD decomposition, so that the original signal is decomposed into K variational intrinsic mode function (VIMF) components. The resonance center bands of these signals are different from each other, so the different fault information is located in different VIMF. Finally, each VIMF component is calculated by FSK. Through the simulated and experimental analysis, the method can accurately identify the resonance bands, and identify the weak fault characteristics of compound bearing fault.     

Kernel regression residual decomposition-based synchroextracting transform to detect faults in mechanical systems

The raw vibration signal of a faulty mechanical component carries a large amount of information reflecting its health condition, and the faulty information is typically carried by the high-frequency term in the vibration signal. However, the high-frequency term can easily by overwhelmed by the interference from the low-frequency term and noise. Considering the elimination of interference of the low-frequency term a novel preprocessing technique is presented, one-level kernel regression residual decomposition (KRRD), which can be used to extract the high-frequency term from the raw vibration signal to track the fault information. Combined with the synchroextracting transform (SET) technique, a one-level KRRD-based SET method is proposed. First, the high-frequency term in the raw vibration signal, which contains the faulty information, is extracted using one-level KRRD. Then, the high-frequency term is purified using SET, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is increased. Finally, a Hilbert envelope analysis is applied to the purified signal to demodulate the faulty feature frequency. To validate the performance and necessity of the proposed method, numerical simulations and experimental investigations are conducted. By introducing two commonly used methods, i.e., empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD), four comparisons (KRRD & EMD, KRRD & VMD, EMD, VMD) are conducted, and the superiority of the proposed method is verified. The analysis results show the effectiveness of the one-level KRRD-based SET method for the detection of mechanical component faults     

基于经验与变分混合分解的超声回波信号噪声消除方法

超声缺陷检测结果易受超声回波信号中复杂噪声的干扰,为了提高超声缺陷检测的准确度,提出一种基于混合分解的 超声回波信号噪声消除方法。 采用经验模态分解算法结合相关系数指标对超声回波信号进行预处理,得到消除低频噪声分量 的超声回波预处理信号。 基于变分模态分解将该预处理信号分解为一系列窄带本征模态函数,引入互信息指标估计变分模态 分解的最优模态数量,并根据窄带本征模态函数与预处理信号的相关系数提取有用的模态分量,实现对超声回波信号去噪结果 的重构。 通过仿真和实测超声回波信号验证了本文方法的去噪性能,并与现有方法进行了对比。 结果表明,本文方法可同时消 除超声回波信号中的高频和低频噪声,在不同信噪比条件下 EMD、VMD 和本文方法去噪结果的 SNR 均值分别为 10. 01、9. 48 和 16. 09 dB,验证了本文方法对于超声回波信号噪声消除的优越性。     

基于粒子群参数优化的 O-VMD 数据处理方法研究

针对电磁超声测厚换能器保护提离距过大导致回波信号微弱且信噪比低,难以在时域内直接准确提取渡越时间得到精 确厚度值的问题,提出频域内粒子群(PSO)优化变分模态分解(VMD)参数的 O-VMD 渡越时间提取方法。 分别对分解层数和 惩罚因子选取固定参数,及基于峭度与功率谱熵联合适应度函数的 PSO 算法获取 VMD 遍历优化参数,进行双次 VMD 处理,滤 除高频及低频噪声;选取能量最大模态进行信号重构,并应用希尔伯特变换获取回波信号时差。 在不同提离条件下,对不同厚 度铝板检测数据采用 O-VMD、经验模态分解(EMD)等方法进行信号对比处理,结果表明,提离距在 0 ~ 2. 1 mm,O-VMD 方法最 大误差为 0. 67% ,且误差与提离距成正比,为精确获取高提离距测厚数据提供依据。     

基于VMD消噪处理的滚动轴承早期故障识别

提出了一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)消噪和核模糊C均值(KFCM)聚类相结合的滚动轴承早期故障识别方法。首先提出一种通过综合运用泄漏能量和互相关系数函数确定VMD预设尺度数K的新方法,弥补了VMD方法通常按经验选取预设尺度数方法的不足;然后对振动信号进行VMD分解得到K个限带的内禀模态函数(BIMF)分量,利用归一化的自相关系数函数能量集中比大于0.9的原则确定含有噪声的BIMF分量,并剔除这些含噪BIMF分量,再将剩余的BIMF分量叠加进行信号重构,实现了信号的消噪;最后计算各样本重构信号的均方根值和归一化能量值得到二维特征向量样本集,并输入到KFCM聚类器进行故障诊断。利用实测轴承故障数据进行验证,结果表明与经验模态分解(EMD)方法相比,可以有效地实现滚动轴承早期故障诊断。     

变分模态分解消噪与核模糊C均值聚类相结合的滚动轴承故障识别方法

提出了一种变分模态分解消噪与核模糊C均值聚类相结合的滚动轴承故障识别方法。首先,对实测振动信号进行处理,得到VMD的参数;然后,对信号进行VMD分解,得到一系列限带内禀模态函数(BIMF)分量,筛选并叠加组成重构信号;第三步,计算重构信号的样本熵和均方根值作为特征向量,从而得到训练样本和测试样本的特征向量集;第四步,通过KFCM聚类方法对训练样本特征向量集进行聚类分析,得到四种类型信号的聚类中心;最后根据测试样本特征向量与训练样本聚类中心欧式距离最小的原则识别故障类型。此外,将振动信号用经验模态分解(EMD)方法进行消噪,再用KFCM聚类进行分类识别,将两种方法的识别效果进行对比,结果表明所提方法的故障识别效果要优于EMD消噪和KFCM聚类相结合方法的识别效果。     

基于EMD和HT的旋转机械振动信号时频分析

把一列时间序列数据通过经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition，简称EMD)成本征模函数组(Intrinsic Mode Function．简称IMF)．然后经希尔伯特变换(Hilbert Transformation，简称HT)获得频谱的信号时频分析新方法引入到旋转机械振动信号处理领域。介绍了该方法的理论和算法。首先．采用调频调幅仿真信号对该方法进行仿真验证；其次．把一实测的旋转机械油膜涡动故障振动信号进行了基于EMD和HT的时频分析。仿真和实测信号的分析结果说明．用基于EMD和HT方法对旋转机械的振动信号进行时频分析是有效的。     

Impact fault detection of gearbox based on variational mode decomposition and coupled underdamped stochastic resonance

In the gear fault diagnosis, the emergence of periodic impulse components in vibration signals is an important symptom of gear failure. However, heavy background noise makes it difficult to extract the weak periodic impulse features. Therefore, the paper presents an impact fault detection method of gearbox by combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) with coupled underdamped stochastic resonance (CUSR) to extract the periodic impulse features. First, the adaptive VMD is presented to decompose the vibration signal into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which can automatically determine the appropriate mode number according to the correlation kurtosis (CK) of decomposition results and extract the sensitive IMF component containing the main fault information. Next, the adaptive CUSR method is developed to analyze the selected sensitive IMF component, and the optimal system parameters are obtained by the genetic algorithm using the CK index as optimization objective function. Finally, the periodic impulse features are extracted by the output signal of CUSR system accurately. Experiments and engineering application verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed adaptive VMD-CUSR method for extracting the periodic impulse features in gear fault diagnosis compared to other methods.