LMD能量熵和SVM相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断

为实现小样本情况下对滚动轴承进行故障检测和分析,提出了基于局部均值分解(LMD)的能量熵和支持向量机(SVM)相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。利用LMD信号处理方法将滚动轴承振动信号分解成有限个乘积函数(PF)分量,通过计算PF分量的能量熵进行故障特征提取,然后将提取的特征输入到SVM分类器中进行训练及测试,最终实现对滚动轴承的故障诊断。实验数据显示,在仅有少量样本条件下,LMD能量熵和SVM相结合的方法能够精确地对滚动轴承的故障类型进行识别和分类,这表明该方法对滚动轴承故障诊断的有效性。     

奇异值分解与LMD结合的滚动轴承故障诊断研究

针对滚动轴承故障信号具有的非线性和非平稳性,其故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种奇异值分解(SVD)和局部均值分解(LMD)相结合的滚动轴承故障特征提取和诊断方法。首先,将轴承故障信号进行LMD分解得到若干PF分量;然后选取和原始信号相关度较大的PF分量,利用奇异值序列来构造其故障特征向量;最后,将得到的故障特征向量作为学习样本输入到支持向量机(SVM)中,对故障类型进行分类和识别。实验结果表明,LMD和SVD结合的故障特征提取方法,能有效提取滚动轴承不同状态下的故障特征,对不同故障状态做出准确分类。     

基于LMD能量熵的滚动轴承故障特征提取

为了对滚动轴承运行状态进行有效的判断,利用局部均值分解(LMD)对滚动轴承振动信号进行分解,将复杂的多分量信号分解成多个单分量信号;针对分解后的单分量信号在各频域范围分布不均匀特点,利用LMD能量熵提取出滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征。实验结果表明,LMD能量熵具有较强的信号表征能力,可以有效提取出滚动轴承故障特征。     

基于PF能量特征和优化神经网络的轴承诊断

内圈点蚀、外圈压痕和滚动体磨损是滚动轴承常见典型故障,为实现其快速、准确诊断,提出基于振动信号局部均值分解(local mean decomposition,简称LMD)的PF分量能量特征和神经网络相结合的滚动轴承诊断方法.对振动信号进行局部均值分解,将其分解为若干个乘积函数(product function,简称PF)分量之和,以获得的PF分量能量特征作为神经网络输入进行滚动轴承的故障类型的识别,同时引入遗传算法对神经网络结构参数进行优化,提高故障识别诊断速度和准确率.结果表明,该方法用于轴承典型故障诊断有较高的诊断速率和故障识别率.     

基于LMD的能量算子解调机械故障诊断方法

为了提取多分量调幅调频信号的幅值和频率信息,提出了基于局部均值分解(local mean decomposition,简称LMD)的能量算子解调机械故障诊断方法.该方法先利用LMD将机械调制信号分解成若干个乘积函数(production function,简称PF)分量,然后对每一个PF分量进行能量算子解调,获得信号的幅值和频率信息进行故障诊断.利用该方法对仿真信号以及轴承和齿轮故障振动信号进行实验研究的结果表明,基于LMD的能量算子解调方法能够有效地提取机械故障振动信号特征.     

LMD及马氏距离敏感阈值的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承非平稳性的振动信号,提出了基于局部均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)及马氏距离敏感阈值的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对振动信号进行LMD分解,获得一系列乘积函数(Production Function,PF),有的PF分量包含的故障信息多,有的包含的少,为此采用K-L散度法提取出主要PF分量;计算主要PF分量的时域参数指标,将其组合成特征向量,根据马氏距离提出马氏距离敏感阈值来表征不同的故障状态,取多组正常信号的特征向量均值作为标准特征向量,计算未知特征向量与标准特征向量的马氏距离敏感阈值,从而对其故障状态进行识别。试验结果表明,在不同转速下,该方法能够有效的对滚动轴承故障进行识别,且效果较EMD方法好。     

基于LMD和阶次跟踪分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

变转速工况下的滚动轴承故障振动信号具有多分量调制以及故障特征频率受到转频调制的特点,从而导致故障特征提取困难。对此,将局部均值分解(local mean decomposition,简称LMD)与阶次跟踪分析相结合,提出了一种变转速工况下的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,采用阶次跟踪采样将时域滚动轴承故障振动信号转换到角域;然后,对角域信号进行LMD分解得到若干个乘积函数(product function,简称PF)分量;最后,对各个PF分量的瞬时幅值进行频谱分析,判断滚动轴承的故障部位和类型。通过对滚动轴承实验故障振动信号的分析,结果表明该方法能有效地应用于变转速工况下的滚动轴承故障诊断。     

基于变分模态分解近似熵和支持向量机的轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承振动信号的非平稳特征,以及现实中难以获得大量典型故障样本的情况,提出了一种基于变分模态分解的近似熵和支持向量机的故障诊断方法。首先,通过VMD将原始振动信号分解为若干个频率尺度的本征模态分量;然后,计算各个IMF分量的近似熵并组成特征向量;最后,将上述特征向量输入支持向量机进行训练,并判断轴承的工作状态和故障类型。分析结果表明:与EMD及LMD相比,VMD近似熵与支持向量机相结合后,诊断精度得到了较大的提高,更适用于轴承故障的自动化诊断。     

形态滤波优化算法用于滚动轴承故障诊断

为了有效地从非线性、非平稳性的滚动轴承振动信号中提取有用的信息成分,提出了一种优化的形态滤波算法-Elman神经网络相结合的方法。首先,采用局域均值分解(LMD)将轴承振动信号分解成若干PF(product runction,简称PF)分量之和;然后,利用峭度最大准则选取PF分量,再用自适应多尺寸多结构元素形态滤波器对其进行滤波解调,进而提取出能量特征向量,作为Elman神经网络的输入参数;最后,区分滚动轴承故障状态和故障类型。仿真分析和试验研究表明,该方法能够有效地提取出滚动轴承的故障特征,与传统的高频共振解调方法相比效果更加明显,与小波包分析-BP神经网络故障诊断方法对比,显示出其具有更高的识别率,更加表明其可行性和有效性。     

基于局域均值分解包络谱和SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

论述了局域均值分解(Local mean decomposition,LMD)的定义和算法。结合局域均值分解、包络分析和支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)的各自特点,提出了一种基于LMD包络谱和SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,该方法先对滚动轴承振动信号进行分解,得到一系列的生产函数分量,然后,再对前面几个生产函数分量进行包络分析,从包络谱中提取特征幅值比作为特征向量输入到SVM分类器中进行识别。实验结果验证了提出的方法的有效性,可以有效地识别滚动轴承的不同故障。     

基于局部均值分解与拉普拉斯特征映射的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承非平稳振动信号的特征提取及维数优化问题,提出了融合局部均值分解与拉普拉斯特征映射的轴承故障诊断方法。首先,通过局部均值分解对非平稳振动信号进行平稳化分解,提取乘积函数分量、瞬时频率及瞬时幅值的高维信号特征集;然后,将高维特征集作为拉普拉斯特征映射算法的学习对象,提取轴承高维故障特征集的内在流形分布,以获得敏感、稳定的轴承振动特征参数,实现基于非平稳振动信号分析的滚动轴承故障特征提取;最后,结合支持向量分类模型量化LMD-LE方法的特征提取效果,实现不同状况下的轴承故障分类。轴承故障样本分类识别平均正确率达到91.17%,表明LMD-LE方法有效实现了高维局部均值分解特征集合的降噪,所提取的特征矩阵对轴承故障特征描述准确。     

A new rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on multiscale permutation entropy and improved support vector machine based binary tree

A new bearing vibration feature extraction method based on multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) and improved support vector machine based binary tree (ISVM-BT) is put forward in this paper. Local mean decomposition (LMD), a new self-adaptive time–frequency analysis method, is utilized to decompose the roller bearing vibration signal into a set of product functions (PFs) and then MPE method is used to characterize the complexity of the principal PF component in different scales. After the feature extraction, a new pattern recognition approach called ISVM-BT is introduced to accomplish the fault identification automatically, which has the priority of high recognition accuracy compared with other classifiers. Besides, the Laplacian score (LS) is introduced to refine the fault feature by sorting the scale factors. Finally, the rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on LMD, MPE, LS and ISVM-BT is proposed and the experimental results indicate the proposed method is effective in identifying the different categories of rolling bearings.     

基于局域均值分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

论述了一种新的自适应时频分析方法--局域均值分解的基本原理和算法,并将该方法引入到滚动轴承故障诊断中,提出了一种基于局域均值分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法, 该方法先将一个故障信号自适应地分解成若干个具有一定物理意义的生产函数分量,然后求出每个PF分量的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,从而获得故障信号的特征信息.试验结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

多尺度能量熵与优化极限学习机的航空液压管路故障诊断方法

针对航空液压管路故障特征难以提取问题,考虑到航空液压系统中振动信号存在非平稳性以及非线性等特点,提出了一种基于局部均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)的多尺度能量熵(Multi-scale Energy Entropy,MEE)和麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow Search Algorithm,SSA)优化极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)的航空液压管路故障诊断方法。首先,采用局域均值分解方法将采集的振动信号自适应分解;其次,综合考虑相关系数-能量比准则,选取最佳PF分量;最后,计算最佳分量的多尺度能量熵,选取合适的尺度因子并将其对应的能量熵值作为特征向量,输入到麻雀搜索算法优化的极限学习机网络模型进行学习训练,实现对航空液压管路的故障进行分类识别。结果表明:该方法能够有效地实现对航空液压管路故障类型的准确识别,为区分航空液压管路故障提供了一种可行的诊断思路。     

Application of higher order spectral features and support vector machines for bearing faults classification

Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings timely and accurately are very important to ensure the reliability of rotating machinery. This paper presents a novel pattern classification approach for bearings diagnostics, which combines the higher order spectra analysis features and support vector machine classifier. The use of non-linear features motivated by the higher order spectra has been reported to be a promising approach to analyze the non-linear and non-Gaussian characteristics of the mechanical vibration signals. The vibration bi-spectrum (third order spectrum) patterns are extracted as the feature vectors presenting different bearing faults. The extracted bi-spectrum features are subjected to principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction. These principal components were fed to support vector machine to distinguish four kinds of bearing faults covering different levels of severity for each fault type, which were measured in the experimental test bench running under different working conditions. In order to find the optimal parameters for the multi-class support vector machine model, a grid-search method in combination with 10-fold cross-validation has been used. Based on the correct classification of bearing patterns in the test set, in each fold the performance measures are computed. The average of these performance measures is computed to report the overall performance of the support vector machine classifier. In addition, in fault detection problems, the performance of a detection algorithm usually depends on the trade-off between robustness and sensitivity. The sensitivity and robustness of the proposed method are explored by running a series of experiments. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve made the results more convincing. The results indicated that the proposed method can reliably identify different fault patterns of rolling element bearings based on vibration signals.     

A hybrid fault diagnosis method based on second generation wavelet de-noising and local mean decomposition for rotating machinery

In order to extract fault features of large-scale power equipment from strong background noise, a hybrid fault diagnosis method based on the second generation wavelet de-noising (SGWD) and the local mean decomposition (LMD) is proposed in this paper. In this method, a de-noising algorithm of second generation wavelet transform (SGWT) using neighboring coefficients was employed as the pretreatment to remove noise in rotating machinery vibration signals by virtue of its good effect in enhancing the signal–noise ratio (SNR). Then, the LMD method is used to decompose the de-noised signals into several product functions (PFs). The PF corresponding to the faulty feature signal is selected according to the correlation coefficients criterion. Finally, the frequency spectrum is analyzed by applying the FFT to the selected PF. The proposed method is applied to analyze the vibration signals collected from an experimental gearbox and a real locomotive rolling bearing. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has better performances such as high SNR and fast convergence speed than the normal LMD method.     

AR模型和SVM在机床滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

将自回归模型(AR)和支持向量机(SVM)应用到机床滚动轴承的故障诊断中,根据滚动轴承的振动信号建立自回归模型,以自回归参数和残差的方差作为特征向量,然后建立基于支持向量机的多故障分类器,进而判断滚动轴承的故障类型.通过实例分析和与神经网络方法对比,表明该方法能有效地判别机床滚动轴承的故障类型.     

基于LMD的包络谱特征值在齿轮箱故障诊断中的应用研究

针对齿轮箱故障振动信号大多是多分量的调幅-调频信号,而传统包络分析法又太依赖经验值选取参数的问题,对齿轮箱振动信号的分解方法、包络分析方法以及提取特征值等方面进行了研究,提出了一种基于局部均值分解(local mean de-composition,LMD)的包络谱特征值的方法。该方法首先利用局部均值分解对齿轮箱信号进行了处理,获得了包含有不同频率特征的PF(product function)分量,最后对包含有主要故障信息的第一级PF分量进行了包络分析,提取了包络谱的特征频率,以此来判别齿轮箱的工作状态和故障类型。利用齿轮箱正常状态、局部损伤、磨损故障3种齿轮箱振动信号的实例进行了验证。研究结果表明,利用LMD分解后求取包络谱特征频率的方法能够较为准确地判别齿轮箱的工作状态和故障类型。     

基于支持向量机的滚动轴承性能退化评估方法

由于损伤积累,轴承的性能会逐渐退化,为准确地评估滚动轴承性能退化状态,提出了一种基于支持向量机和小波包分解的方法。并利用具有不同故障程度的滚动轴承的振动信号,对该方法进行了验证。评估结果表明,该方法可以准确地评估轴承的性能退化程度。