水体中藻蓝蛋白的光谱检测

采用测定高光谱离水辐射率和光吸收的方法,对水体中蓝藻蛋白浓度进行提取,结果发现高光谱曲线在620 nm左右有明显的峰谷,且随藻蓝蛋白浓度变化而呈现规律性变化;吸收曲线在620 nm左右也有一个明显的吸收峰.采用分析算法对太湖水体中的藻蓝蛋白进行提取时发现,藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a的浓度有一定的线形关系.     

高效液相色谱法测定杀菌灭藻剂TNW-E含量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定杀菌灭藻剂TNW-E含量的测定方法,采用C18柱,流动相为甲醇：水（80：20）,流速为0.9mL/min,检测波长为220nm,外标法定量。试验方法相对标准偏差为0.012%（n=5）,加标回收率为99.80%～101.05%,该方法简便、准确、易行,可用于质量控制。     

养殖紫菜的退色现象与其色素及金属元素含量关系的研究

测定了正常生长和退色紫菜中的光合色素叶绿素、类胡萝卜素及藻胆色素蛋白，包括藻缸蛋白、藻蓝蛋白和变藻蓝蛋白的含量；同时对不同紫菜样品中的Fe、P等微量及常量元素进行了分析。计算了叶绿素a、藻胆色素蛋白与Fe、Zn、Mn、P等元素的相关系数，发现它们之间呈明显的正比例关系，其中Fe与以上色素的相关性最好。因为Fe是生物体内合成上述4类吡咯类色素所不可缺少的微量元素，所以在实验室内对退色紫菜进行了外源性添加Fe^3＋实验，发现该紫菜中的色素含量有明显提高。本文提出：与陆地植物的黄化病一样，缺少Fe等微量元素可能是造成紫菜退色现象的直接原因之一。     

荧光光谱检测技术在茶饮料成分分析中的应用

荧光光谱检测技术已广泛用于有机物的定性和定量分析,取得了良好的效果.本文介绍了荧光光谱法的检测原理和检测系统的组成.采用该荧光检测系统在激发波长300～550nm、发射波长310～710nm处检测了茶饮料的荧光光谱,通过对荧光光谱的分析,建立了主要成分的荧光光谱特征数据库.该方法有助于解决市场上真假茶饮料的质量鉴别问题.     

离子色谱-荧光检测法测定氟哌酸、盐酸环丙沙星、 依诺沙星

本文利用离子色谱—荧光检测法研究同时分离分析多种喹诺酮类广谱抗菌药的方法。氟哌酸、盐酸环丙沙星、依诺沙星在流速为1ml/min,淋洗液为0.015mol/l的H2SO435%CH3OH的离子色谱仪能很好的分离。用激发波长为347nm,发射波长为420nm的荧光检测器进行检测。三者的检测限分别是0.05ppm,0.105ppm和0.08ppm。具有良好的重现性和线性关系。对药物样品与混合样品进行测定,结果令人满意。     

球等鞭金藻的培养研究进展及应用前景

球等鞭金藻营养丰富.含有多种有价值的生物活性物质.国内外开展了关于球等鞭金藻培养和应用方面的研究.本文简要综述了生态条件、营养物质对球等鞭会藻的生长和繁殖的影响的研究进展以及球等鞭金藻的营养价值和应用前景.并展望了进一步提高球等鞭金藻生物量的前景.     

海水叶绿素现场检测仪的研制及性能研究

基于活体中叶绿素a的荧光特性,研制了一种可快速在线监测水体中叶绿素含量的荧光仪,该仪器选用波长为470nm的最新超高亮度的蓝色发光二极管(LED)作为激发光源,并配备先进的荧光信号检测系统,工作水深可达100m。用该仪器检测海水水样中叶绿素a含量,测定结果与分光光度法相比无显著差异。     

新显色剂胡椒基荧光酮光度法测定微量镓的研究

本文研究了新显色剂胡椒基荧光酮 ( PIF)与镓的显色反应。在表面活性剂 CPB存在下 ,于 p H6.0 HAc- Na Ac缓冲介质中 ,镓与胡椒基荧光酮形成 1∶ 4蓝紫色配合物 ,最大吸收波长在 560 nm处 ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 8.51× 1 0 4 L/mol·cm,镓量在 0～ 0 .5ug/m L范围内符合比耳定律。方法应用于矿石中微量镓的测定 ,结果满意     

玉溪地区以渔控藻的探索与实践

近十年来,玉溪市水产部门在东风水库投放鲢鳙鱼,通过研究鲢鳙鱼鱼类的消化结构与摄食机理,研究在水生态系统内滤食性鱼类应用物质循环与能量流动规律,有效控制玉溪东风水库蓝藻,蓝藻水华消失.在杞麓湖、星云湖的研究表明,蓝藻污染得到有效治理,星云湖17年来首次水质达到Ⅴ类,保持水体质量.以渔控藻,显现出较好的生态、经济和社会效益...     

饮用水中溴酸盐快速定量检测系统的研制

研究了一种用于饮用水质量的控制的检测系统--饮用水中溴酸盐快速定量检测系统,并对检测系统主要性能指标波长示值误差和重复性、线性、稳定性和检测仪示值误差和重复性等进行了系统研究。结果表明,波长示值误差范围为-7.98~-2.27nm,波长重复性范围为0.54~1.15nm;线性相关系数R的范围为0.9992~0.9998;0.010mg/L标准溶液测定的示值误差为0.001mg/L,重复性范围为7.0%~8.1%;0.030mg/L标准溶液测定的示值误差范围为0.001~0.002mg/L,重复性范围为3.0%~3.5%;30min内吸光度变化范围为0.001~0.004;将该检测系统应用瓶装饮用水中溴酸盐含量的快速定量测定,与国家标准方法进行了比对,结果令人满意。     

土壤中石油矿物油的荧光特性测量

为了实现对土壤中石油污染物含量的监测,保护土壤环境,采用荧光光谱测量分析方法对原油、柴油、机油3种矿物油进行了荧光特性研究。首先,理论分析了石油有机物受激发射荧光的机理;然后,利用荧光光谱仪对水和土壤中的原油、柴油、机油分别进行了荧光测量实验,考察了它们在不同浓度条件下的光谱特性。结果表明,原油、柴油、机油在水中和土壤中受紫外光激发时都能够发出很强的荧光,荧光光谱位于可见光区350～700nm;当它们在水和土壤介质中的浓度为0.0～1.0mg/kg时,其荧光强度与浓度均成线性关系,在水中最低检测浓度为0.005mg/kg,在土壤中的最低检测浓度为0.010mg/kg。实验证明了利用荧光光谱法对土壤中的石油污染物进行检测分析是可行的。     

微腔对有机发光的影响的研究

利用介质膜反射镜 ,在光泵浦有机小分子薄膜微腔的研究中 ,观察到了谱线窄化、峰值强度增强、方向性集中于腔轴、控制发射波长和荧光寿命的缩短等一系列腔效应。其中用软膜反射镜 ,消除了镀制过程中热辐射对有机发光材料的影响 ,谱线半宽最窄达3.4nm,窄化了 2 5倍 ;峰值强度最大增强了 1 6倍。     

Fourier transform multipixel spectroscopy for quantitative cytology

A Fourier transform multipixel spectroscopy system was set up and applied to fluorescence microscopy of single living cells. Continuous fluorescence spectra for all pixels of the cell image were recorded simultaneously by the system. Multiple frames of data were first acquired and stored as a set of interferograms for each pixel of the image; they were then Fourier transformed and used as a spatially organized set of fluorescence spectra. Practical spectral resolution of 5 nm was achieved, typically, for 10⁴ pixels in a single cell. The net result was I ( x y ,λ), the fluorescence intensity ( I ) for each pixel of the image ( x y ), as function of wavelength (λ). The present study demonstrates that multipixel spectroscopy can reveal dynamic processes of the food-digestive cycle in the unicellular Paramecium vulgaris fed with algae. Spectral variability of fluorescence intensity at different cytoplasmic sites pinpointed the location of cellular deposits of chlorophyll (630 nm) and of pheophytin (695 nm), a digestive product of the chlorophyll. Localization of compartmental spectral changes was achieved using a 'similarity mapping' algorithm, followed by enhanced image construction. Similarity mapping based on the fluorescence spectrum of native chlorophyll revealed a highlighted image of the cell cytopharynx structure where algae were ingested. Phagolysosomes, migrating vacuoles and the cytoproct, each containing different ratios of pheophytin, were similarly imaged.     

Exploration of the two‐photon excitation spectrum of fluorescent dyes at wavelengths below the range of the Ti:Sapphire laser

We have studied the wavelength dependence of the two‐photon excitation efficiency for a number of common UV excitable fluorescent dyes; the nuclear stains DAPI, Hoechst and SYTOX Green, chitin‐ and cellulose‐staining dye Calcofluor White and Alexa Fluor 350, in the visible and near‐infrared wavelength range (540–800 nm). For several of the dyes, we observe a substantial increase in the fluorescence emission intensity for shorter excitation wavelengths than the 680 nm which is the shortest wavelength usually available for two‐photon microscopy. We also find that although the rate of photo‐bleaching increases at shorter wavelengths, it is still possible to acquire many images with higher fluorescence intensity. This is particularly useful for applications where the aim is to image the structure, rather than monitoring changes in emission intensity over extended periods of time. We measure the excitation spectrum when the dyes are used to stain biological specimens to get a more accurate representation of the spectrum of the dye in a cell environment as compared to solution‐based measurements.     

Molecular fluorescence from H2TBP porphyrin film on Ag substrate excited by tunneling electrons

Molecular fluorescence from H(2)TBP porphyrin (H(2)TBPP) films on Ag substrate is excited by a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at ambient conditions. The molecular films are prepared by spin-casting method. The thickness of films can be controlled by the times of dropping H(2)TBPP solution. Molecular fluorescence of as-above prepared H(2)TBPP films with 4-14nm thickness at both polarities of applied bias voltage are well defined in good matching with its photoluminescence spectrum, which suggests the same decay channel associated with the HOMO-LUMO radiative transitions similar to H(2)TBPP/Au. The thickness dependence of light emission intensity of molecular fluorescence has been studied. The results show that for thicker film, molecular fluoresceence tends to be much stronger due to the effective decoupling of the emitter from the metal substrate.     

Application of a charge-coupled device photon-counting technique to three-dimensional element analysis of a plant seed (alfalfa) using a full-field x-ray fluorescence imaging microscope

A full-field x-ray fluorescence imaging microscope using a Wolter mirror was constructed at Photon Factory BL3C2. White x rays from a bending magnet were used to excite x-ray fluorescence and to enhance the x-ray fluorescence intensity. A photon-counting method using a charge-coupled device was applied to obtain an x-ray fluorescence spectrum at the image plane. The spatial distributions of some specific atoms such as Fe and Zn were obtained from photon-counting calculations. An energy resolution of 220 eV at the Fe Kalpha line was obtained from the x-ray fluorescence spectrum by the photon-counting method. The newly developed three-dimensional element mappings of the specific atoms were accomplished by the photon-counting method and a reconstruction technique using computed tomography.     

发光染料罗丹明B的荧光传感特性

本文对有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)的荧光光谱受温度、应力以及pH值等物理或化学量的影响进行了研究。实验采用波长为405nm的激光激发RhB/H610胶黏剂复合材料或RhB水溶液,得到其荧光发射谱,用谱峰频移及新型表征方法"谱带重心频移法"分析了环境参数对谱带位置的影响,并通过线性拟合得到了RhB荧光谱带重心λ_B传感温度、压应力以及pH值的传感方程。结果表明,谱带重心频移法有效抑制了光强涨落的白噪声,能够显著提高传感的精度和稳定性。在测量范围中间值附近,重心法对温度、压应力以及pH值传感的相对灵敏度分别为0.026%/℃,0.09%/MPa和0.34%。由于RhB具有很高的发光效率和优异的生物相容性,因此基于RhB荧光的传感方法在生物体系的检测表征方面具有较高的应用价值。     

三维荧光光谱用于成都沙河溶解性有机物来源的研究

采用三维荧光指纹光谱技术对成都沙河的溶解性有机物（DOM）进行采样监测。结果表明,沙河水体中共检测到5个明显的荧光峰,分别为高、低激发波长类色氨酸荧光峰、类酪氨酸荧光峰和2个紫外腐殖质荧光峰,荧光峰T1（Ex/Em225/335nm）,A1（Ex/Em225/415nm）和A2（Ex/Em250/410nm）出现在整个调查河流中;荧光峰T2（Ex/Em275/300nm）出现在大部分河段,在下游其强度明显增强,高激发波长类色氨酸荧光峰T1’（Ex/Em275/335nm）只出现在下游水样中。在中下游的部分河段出现了很强的T1,T1’T2,A1,A2荧光峰,某些河段污水偷排现象严重。     

真空紫外辐照对Lumogen薄膜损伤及光学性能的影响

为研究Lumogen(C₂₂H₁₆N₂O₆)薄膜在真空紫外波段的光致发光特性及辐照损伤,采用热阻蒸发法,以氟化镁为基底制备Lumogen薄膜。使用真空紫外荧光光谱仪、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外?可见分光光度计等仪器分别对薄膜的光致发光特性、荧光强度衰减变化、表面形貌、透过率等进行测试与表征。实验结果表明,真空紫外波段的最佳激发波长为160 nm;发射峰宽为500~620 nm,峰值位置是在528 nm处;在160 nm激发波长持续辐照20 h后,发射峰位置的荧光强度由快及慢地从8.76衰减为0.83,整体下降了90.5%;薄膜表面的均方根粗糙度从10.96 nm增加到14.96 nm;160 nm真空紫外光的高光子能量使Lumogen分子中的荧光助色团-OH断裂,薄膜表面受损,造成不可逆的破坏;被真空紫外光持续辐照后的Lumogen薄膜在250~450 nm波段内的透过率下降了约50%。研究结果表明,Lumogen薄膜在持续高能真空紫外光辐照下,薄膜表面会造成损伤,光学性能会下降,为其在紫外探测器件及航空航天领域的应用研究提供一定参考。     

土壤粒径大小对蒽荧光特性的影响及校正

为了准确检测土壤中的多环芳烃,以土壤中典型多环芳烃污染物蒽为检测对象,研究了土壤粒径大小对其荧光特性的影响,并提出了一种校正土壤粒径大小对多环芳烃标准曲线影响的方法。研究了蒽在土壤中的荧光特性,指出蒽在421nm、442nm和470nm处出现较强的荧光峰。接着,制备7种不同粒径大小的蒽土壤样品,并以土壤粒径大小为外扰,构建了同步和异步二维相关荧光谱,研究了蒽荧光强度和304nm处瑞利散射光强随土壤粒径大小的变化。结果显示,随着土壤粒径增大,蒽荧光强度和304nm处瑞利散射光强度都有增强。最后,分别建立了80目和160目土壤粒径下定量分析土壤蒽浓度的标准曲线,并通过304nm处瑞利散射光对蒽荧光进行校正。结果表明:该方法有效降低了土壤粒径大小对蒽标准曲线的影响。