电弧能量对碳滑板/铜接触线高速滑动摩擦磨损性能影响

在环-块式高速摩擦磨损试验机上,试验研究在交流电场和不同接触压力条件下电弧放电对纯碳滑板/铜接触线高速滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响。试验结果表明:纯碳滑板/铜接触线的摩擦因数随着接触压力的增大而减小,无电流时,摩擦因数一般在0.38～0.59之间波动,有电流时,摩擦因数一般在0.27～0.57之间波动;随着接触压力的增大,电弧放电频率以及单个采样间隔时间内离线电弧放电能量随之减小;加载100 A电流时,纯碳滑板材料的磨损量高于无电流时滑板材料的磨损量,且磨损量随着接触压力的增大而逐渐减小;碳滑板的磨损率随电弧能量的增大而增大,呈比例关系。     

表面粗糙度对碳/铜载流摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过环-块式摩擦磨损试验研究了表面粗糙度对碳/铜载流摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析了磨损形貌及机制。结果表明:其摩擦因数与电弧行为密切相关,无电弧时摩擦因数曲线平滑;对磨环的表面粗糙度越大越容易产生电弧,电弧的烧蚀导致块试样的磨损加剧;不同表面粗糙度下均存在临界起弧法向压力,且随着表面粗糙度的增大而增大;载流摩擦副的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损、电弧烧蚀及材料转移。     

铜-10%石墨复合材料的载流摩擦磨损行为

用冷压烧结粉末冶金法制备了铜-10%石墨复合材料;对复合材料进行了拉伸、冲击试验;用SEM、电滑动磨损试验机等分析了材料的断口形貌和载流摩擦磨损性能,探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明:由于铜-10%石墨复合材料中石墨含量较高,该材料的拉伸断裂为脆性断裂;在非载流条件下,试样的磨损量随着试验载荷、滑动速度的增加而增大;载流30 A条件下,由于电流产生大量的电弧热促进了石墨的润滑作用,与非载流相同磨损条件结果相比摩擦因数降低、磨损量减小。     

纯碳、浸金属碳与接触线载流摩擦磨损性能对比研究

在销-盘摩擦磨损试验机上研究了纯碳/不锈钢和浸金属碳/不锈钢的载流摩擦磨损行为.结果表明,两种摩擦副的摩擦因数、磨损率都随着速度或电流的增加而增大,但纯碳/不锈钢摩擦副材料具有更高的摩擦因数和磨损量.试验过程中,两种摩擦副都出现火花放电和电弧放电,且纯碳/不锈钢摩擦副放电强度更高.用扫描电镜(SEM)观察两种销试样表面磨损形貌可知,纯碳/不锈钢摩擦副以电弧烧蚀和氧化磨损为主,伴随轻微的磨粒磨损;浸金属碳/不锈钢摩擦副以磨粒磨损、黏着磨损为主,伴随着电弧烧蚀和氧化磨损.比较销试样磨损前后EDX图谱可得,纯碳摩擦副材料几乎无元素转移,而浸金属碳摩擦副材料表面有明显的材料转移.     

载流摩擦过程中摩擦因数影响因素试验研究

以碳/铜载流摩擦副为研究对象,在CETR UMT-2多功能摩擦磨损试验机上,采用环/块接触方式,对载流摩擦过程中摩擦因数的影响因素进行了试验研究。结果表明:在低速条件下,载流稳态摩擦因数随法向载荷和电流的增大而增大,高速时结果相反;无电流时稳态摩擦因数随转速升高而增大,载流时则随转速升高呈先增大后减小的趋势;载流时摩擦因数开始一般都比无电流时摩擦因数小,随后逐渐增大,并超过无电流时的摩擦因数,所需时间随转速和法向载荷的增大而缩短;低速载流摩擦因数变化的关键因素可能是摩擦过程中产生的摩擦热,高速载流摩擦因素的变化则可能与微电弧对材料的烧蚀机制密切相关。     

载流条件下银基复合材料-黄铜滑环摩擦副的摩擦学性能

采用粉末冶金方法制备一种银-铜-石墨-碳纤维复合材料,利用环块式摩擦磨损试验机对该复合材料和黄铜滑环组成的摩擦副在大气条件下进行载流摩擦磨损试验,分析不同速度下载流大小对摩擦因数、接触表面电阻、接触表面电噪声、磨损量的影响。研究结果表明,摩擦因数、接触电阻、磨损量随载流的增大而增大,接触表面电噪声与电流呈非线性关系;该银基复合材料与黄铜滑环摩擦副的磨损机制在纯机械摩擦磨损条件下主要为黏着磨损,在载流条件下为磨粒磨损,电弧产生的电蚀促进了磨粒磨损的发生。该银基复合材料与黄铜滑环摩擦副的电噪声符合相关标准,具有较高的可靠性。     

有无电流条件下温度对碳/铜摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过销-盘摩擦磨损试验,研究了碳/铜摩擦副在有无电流条件下的摩擦学性能。结果表明:试验过程中摩擦副温度不断地升高,且有电流时摩擦副温度比无电流时高,滑板材料的磨损量随着温度的升高而增大;当无电流通过时,摩擦因数随温度的升高先增大后减小,当有电流通过时,摩擦因数随温度的升高而减小。观察碳滑板磨损前后表面形貌发现:磨损表面随摩擦副温度的升高变得越来越光滑;当无电流通过时,磨粒磨损和黏着磨损是主要磨损类型,当有电流通过时,磨损类型以氧化磨损和电弧烧蚀为主。碳滑板材料磨损表面EDS分析发现,元素转移和氧化现象在磨损过程中时有发生。     

浸金属碳滑板/铜银合金接触线载流摩擦磨损性能的试验研究

选取地铁刚性接触网中现役的浸金属碳滑板与铜银合金接触线为接触副,模拟地铁弓网的实际运行状况,在环-块式试验机上研究直流电流为200~400 A、法向载荷为15~40 N、滑动速度为40~120 km/h工况下浸金属碳滑板载流摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：摩擦因数随电流和滑动速度的增大而减小,随法向载荷的增大而增大;磨损量随电流和滑动速度的增大而增大,当电流较小时（如200 A）,磨损量和法向载荷之间存在一个阈值,当电流较大时（如400 A）,磨损量随法向载荷的增大而减小;滑板温度随电流的增大而增大,随法向载荷增大而减小,当电流较小时（如200 A）,滑板温度随速度的增大而增大,当电流较大时（如400 A）,滑板温度随速度的增大而减小;当电流为200~300 A时,其磨损机制主要为机械磨损,当电流为300~400 A时,其磨损机制主要为氧化磨损和电弧烧蚀。     

有无电流工况下钢铝复合轨/受电靴的摩擦磨损特性

利用改进设计的销盘摩擦磨损试验机,研究了用于地铁供电的钢铝复合轨与受电靴在有无电工况下的滑动摩擦磨损性能,对比了磨损量与摩擦因数的变化,观察和分析了微观磨损形貌,分析了其摩擦磨损机制。试验表明:电流对摩擦副的干摩擦滑动行为具有显著的影响,随着电流的增加,钢铝复合轨和受电靴的磨损质量增加,摩擦因数减小,摩擦表面出现粘着磨损、电弧烧蚀、磨粒磨损、疲劳剥落特性。     

几种受电弓滑板/接触线材料载流摩擦磨损行为的比较

在销-盘摩擦磨损试验机上研究浸金属碳/纯铜、纯碳/不锈钢、浸金属碳/不锈钢、纯碳/纯铜4种受电弓滑板/接触线的载流摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:浸金属碳/纯铜的摩擦因数比其他3对配副的摩擦因数都大,且其配副的碳滑板材料磨损量比其他3对配副的磨损量都高;4对配副的主要磨损机制是电弧烧蚀、磨粒磨损和氧化磨损,而浸金属碳/纯铜还出现黏着磨损。浸金属碳/纯铜因磨损严重,且电滑动中发出异常噪声,应避免作为受电弓滑板/接触线材料。     

Tribological Behavior of Tin-Based Babbitt Alloy Lubricated by Seawater

In this article, the tribological behaviors of tin-based Babbitt alloy ZChSnSb 8–8 sliding against AISI 302 stainless steel lubricated by seawater were investigated. The results indicated that the friction coefficient decreases with increasing load and sliding speed, and the wear rate increases slightly with load but decreases with sliding speed. The low friction coefficient and wear rate are attributed to the unique “concrete structure” and seawater. As a lubrication medium, seawater has lubricating, cooling, and corrosive effects on the sliding couple.     

Friction and wear behaviour of stainless steel rubbing against copper-impregnated metallized carbon

A series of experimental tests were carried out using stainless steel rubbing against copper-impregnated metallized carbon under electrical current on a pin-on-disc test rig. The test parameters include the sliding speed of 60-100 km/h, normal force of 40-80 N and electrical current of 0-50 A. During testing, the friction coefficient and wear volume were recorded. The topography of worn surfaces was also observed with SEM. The cross sectional profiles of worn surfaces of stainless steel were measured with Ambios profiler. The result displays that electrical current, normal load and sliding speed have a distinct effect on the friction and wear behaviour of stainless steel rubbing against copper-impregnated metallized carbon. Without electric current, the friction coefficient is largest but the wear volume of copper-impregnated metallized carbon is lowest. With increasing electric current, the friction coefficient decreases while the wear volume of copper-impregnated metallized carbon increases. Through the whole test, it is found that the wear loss of stainless steel was light. The wear of copper-impregnated metallized carbon becomes severe when electrical current or sliding speed is high. When the electrical current or sliding speed is high, arc ablation is a dominant wear mechanism of copper-impregnated metallized carbon.     

Corrosion and wear of 6082 aluminum alloy

The corrosion and corrosive wear resistance of 6082 wrought aluminum alloy against 410 stainless steel counterface in 0.01 M NaCl solution with different concentrations of sodium molybdate dihydrate solution (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 M), were studied. The experimental results indicated that the increase in sodium molybdate dihydrate acted as an inhibitor in the 0.01 M NaCl solution resulting in a significant decrease in the corrosion current, meaning improved corrosion resistance. During the corrosive wear under free corrosion conditions of 6082 aluminum alloy specimens against 410 stainless steel counterface, the addition of sodium molybdate dihydrate inhibitor, leads to a decrease in friction coefficient of the examined pair of materials. The dominant wear mechanisms of the aluminum alloy were mainly observed to be plastic deformation and abrasion. These wear mechanisms coexisted with pitting corrosion phenomena, on the surface of this alloy.     

不同基体CrN/CrCN多层涂层海水环境摩擦学性能研究*

为研究不同基体材料对CrN/CrCN多层涂层在海水环境下摩擦学性能的影响,采用多弧离子镀技术在H65铜合金、TC4钛合金和316L不锈钢基体上沉积CrN和CrN/CrCN多层复合涂层,通过XRD、SEM等技术对涂层的结构进行表征,通过结合力、硬度测试和摩擦磨损试验分析涂层在大气环境和海水环境下的力学性能和摩擦学性能。结果表明:CrN/CrCN多层涂层的内应力相对于CrN明显减小,且硬度相对CrN涂层较高;TC4钛合金为基体的涂层结合力较好且涂层硬度较高;在海水环境下涂层的摩擦因数相对于大气环境都有较大幅度下降,其中,以TC4钛合金和316L不锈钢为基体的涂层摩擦因数较小;以H65铜合金为基体的2种涂层在海水中的磨损率高于大气中,而以TC4合金、316L不锈钢为基体的CrN/CrCN多层涂层在海水环境下的磨损率低于大气环境;TC4钛合金为基体的CrN/CrCN多层涂层在海水环境下具有最低的磨损率,表明TC4钛合金更适合作为海水环境下CrN/CrCN多层涂层耐磨的基体材料。     

铜-10%石墨合金的载流摩擦磨损性能

为提高铜基合金的载流摩擦磨损性能,采用粉末冶金方法制备了含10%石墨的铜基合金,并在自制的销盘式载流摩擦磨损试验机上进行了不同电流和滑动速度下的摩擦磨损试验.结果表明:与不含石墨的铜合金相比较,在不同电流和滑动速度下,加入10%石墨铜合金的摩擦因数和磨损率均降低,耐磨性能明显提高,摩擦因数稳定.     

青铜-石墨热喷涂层在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能

在MM-200摩擦磨损试验机上研究了青铜-石墨热喷涂层在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)对磨损表面形貌进行了观测和采用X射线能谱分析(XPS)分析了涂层成分。结果表明,在水润滑条件下涂层摩擦因数和磨损率均低于干摩擦条件下;在水润滑条件下磨损机制为轻微磨粒磨损和犁削磨损,在干摩擦下主要是较为严重的粘着磨损和犁削。这是由于水润滑降低了摩擦副界面温度,提高了石墨润滑膜的韧性,改善了润滑效果,从而阻止了粘着磨损的发生,水还促进了钢偶件表面致密氧化膜的形成,从而减轻磨损。因此水润滑对涂层磨损性能有较大影响。     

Tribocorrosion behavior of Ni-17.5Si-29.3Cr alloy in sulfuric acid solution

The tribocorrosion property of a Ni-17.5Si-29.3Cr alloy against a Si₃N₄ ball was studied in comparison with AISI321 stainless steel using a ball-on-disk reciprocating tribotester in 1 M sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) solution. The effects of load and sliding speed on the tribocorrosion properties of the alloy were investigated. The results indicated that the wear rate of the alloy increased while the friction coefficient decreased with increasing load. The wear rate of the alloy increased linearly with increasing sliding speed and the friction coefficient increased in the initial stages and then remained constant with increasing sliding speed. The wear mechanisms were mainly microploughing, uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion. Under the experimental conditions of the present study, the Ni-17.5Si-29.3Cr alloy showed excellent corrosion-resistence and anti-wear ability compared with AISI321 stainless steel.     

铜锡铅锌合金的摩擦磨损性能

利用MMU-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了铜锡铅锌合金与GCr15钢对磨时的摩擦磨损特性,利用扫描电子显微镜对合金的磨损表面形貌进行了观察。结果表明:铜锡铅锌合金的磨损率随载荷和摩擦速度的增加而增大;其摩擦因数随摩擦速度的增加而减小,随载荷的增加先增大后减小;其磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损;合金中的铅相起到了润滑作用,有利于提高合金的耐磨性能。     

9SiCr表面激光熔覆合金/20MnSiV磨损性能研究

采用Ni合金和Co合金对9SiCr工具钢表面进行激光熔覆，并将熔覆层与20MnSiV配副在干摩擦和油润滑条件下进行磨损试验。采用扫描电子显微镜对磨损表面形貌进行分析，发现油润滑条件下二者的耐磨性有很大提高，其磨损形式主要是磨粒磨损。Ni合金熔覆层与20MnSiV配副时磨损相对较小。     

The influence of oxygen on the friction and wear behaviour of a copper—steel couple under electric current

The tribological behaviour of a copper—steel couple similar to those in electrified railways has been studied as a function of mechanical, electrical, and environmental parameters. The experimental results obtained in an oxygen atmosphere show that this factor has a major influence on the wear behaviour. While there was a reduction in the average coefficient of friction compared to in argon, under oxygen there was twice the wear found under air, and six times that found under argon. In the absence of an electric current, the nature of the wear was essentially mild adhesive. However, with an electric current at the interface, fluctuations, particularly at high intensities, were recorded in both the coefficient of friction and the electrical contact resistance, and there was severe wear. Discussion of the results is based on examination of the wear surfaces and analysis of the phenomena observed during sliding contact.