基于APDL的机械密封环温度场分析

提出一种循环迭代计算方法,用以计算机械密封摩擦热量在动、静环上的分配关系,并采用APDL编程实现该计算方法。实例计算结果显示,该计算方法对于计算机械密封摩擦热量在动、静环上的分配关系是有效的,收敛速度是超线性的,且不受初始值的影响。讨论介质温度、对流换热系数等因素对摩擦热量分配的影响,结果表明,摩擦热量的分配比沿密封宽度呈非线性变化;随介质温度的升高,动环中间区域的热量分配比减少,而动环边缘处的热量分配比增大;随着介质的转动密封对流换热系数与固定密封对流换热系数的比值的增大,动环各区域的热量分配比整体上升。     

核主泵用流体动压型机械密封温度场的数值研究

考虑流体粘温效应,建立了典型核主泵用流体动压型机械密封三维稳态传热有限元模型。建立了由流体域及密封环组成的二维轴对称共轭传热有限元模型,计算了对流换热系数。在此基础上,采用有限元软件求解三维模型密封温度,分析了流体入口流速以及转速对密封端面温度的影响。结果表明:深槽结构导致开槽静环密封端面温度分布不均匀;流体入口速度几乎不影响温度分布;增大转速,密封端面温度显著升高。     

螺旋槽干气密封对流传热系数研究

采用数值模拟和经验公式对一典型螺旋槽干气密封的对流传热系数进行计算,考虑气膜轴向厚度、转速和密封腔气体入口速度3个影响因素,比较和分析计算结果。结果表明:2种方法的对流传热系数量级相同,但数值结果比经验公式结果更加详细。气膜轴向厚度和转速均对动环润湿面对流传热系数的影响较大,对静环润湿面对流传热系数的影响非常小。密封腔气体入口速度增大,静环润湿面对流传热系数增大,而动环润湿面对流传热系数减小。     

剖分式机械密封传热及耦合变形的数值研究

为研究剖分式机械密封变形规律,建立剖分式机械密封三维传热模型,计算剖分环端面摩擦热、摩擦热分配系数及对流换热系数,研究主轴转速、冲洗量对剖分环温度场、热变形及热-力耦合变形的影响,同时分析箍紧力对剖分环热-力耦合变形的影响。研究结果表明:温度最高点位于密封端面内径侧,且碳石墨剖分静环的密封端面温度比碳化硅动环的高,密封端面和分型面在温度场作用下产生正锥度变形,而箍紧力可以减小密封端面及分型面的变形;剖分动静环的端面和分型面热变形锥度随转速的增大,均呈现增大趋势,端面的耦合变形锥度也随之增大;冲洗量增大,剖分动环端面和分型面热变形锥度减小,端面耦合变形锥度减小,剖分静环变形规律相反;箍紧力增大,剖分动环、静环端面耦合变形锥度增大。     

接触式机械密封外圆周织构强化换热机理研究

冲洗是强化机械密封换热的主要措施之一，但在一些特殊场合下冲洗量的大小往往是给定的，因此，需要采取一些强制换热措施来改善机械密封的运行环境。通过在密封环的外周面开设织构，针对冲洗量一定的情况，基于SST k-ω湍流模型，采用Ω方法分析了不同转速下织构深径比对端面温度、外周面局部努塞尔数Nu和织构区域流场的影响，对比研究了动环织构和静环织构的换热机理。研究结果表明：在相同工况、冲洗量和织构几何参数条件下，若动静环外周面单独开设织构，则动环的换热效果更佳。在相同转速下，动环外周面开设织构时，减小深径比会使织构内部换热效果差的区域增大，换热效果减弱，但对于静环织构，减小深径比会使织构流体流动下游侧换热效果差的区域减小，换热效果增强；随着转速的增大，较小深径比动环织构内部出现了新的差换热效果区域，单位面积换热强度显著下降。因此，为获取较优的换热效果，在低转速下宜选取小深径比织构，而在高转速下应选取大深径比织构。     

机械密封的黏滑分析

机械密封副磨损与黏滑引起的振动有关。以密封副动静环为摩擦副进行摩擦磨损试验,通过分析摩擦因数曲线的变化趋势以及机械密封副的磨损形貌,提出在动环与静环相对运动的过程中发生了黏滑振动。考虑动环刚度,构建密封副黏滑模型,通过仿真分析黏滑对密封副表面形貌的影响以及密封副的黏滑磨损机制。结果表明:动环在摩擦扭矩的作用下扭转导致黏滑;动环的最大转速在黏滑过程中达到转轴转速的2倍;黏滑在快速启动阶段并没有发生,仅在速度波动阶段出现,而当速度恢复稳定上升阶段,黏滑现象消失;黏滑最终造成密封副表面严重的黏着磨损。     

外驱动式中间旋转环机械密封设计

针对旋转机械轴向端面密封在高速和低速状态时密封的低稳定性问题,应用TRIZ 创新理论,并结合解决物理矛盾的空间分离原理,提出一种外驱动式中间旋转环机械密封设计方案。该设计方案在密封端面的动环和静环之间设置由外置动力源驱动的中间旋转环,实现了动、静环密封面之间相对转速的主动控制。实验结果表明,外驱动式中间旋转环机械密封改善了机械密封在高速和低速状态下的稳定性,可满足不同工况下的密封要求;该机械密封泄漏量虽有所增大,但在允许的范围内。     

接触式机械密封端面的分形磨损模型

基于分形理论将动、静环端面的接触简化为粗糙表面与理想刚性平面的接触，讨论了接触式机械密封端面形貌的表征方法，建立了接触式机械密封的磨损模型。根据建立的模型，分析各分形参数、材料参数及工作参数对磨损的影响，并，将所建模型与实验数据进行对比，验证了模型的合理性。结果表明：接触式机械密封分形维数D与其磨损率γ呈浴盆曲线的关系;特征长度尺度参数G、端面比载荷pg、转速n与其磨损率γ成正比；接触式机械密封的综合弹性模量E与其磨损率γ成反比。     

高温热油泵机械密封的热特性数值分析

针对高温热油泵机械密封的失效问题,研究其在不同工况和结构参数下的热特性。通过ANSYS建立由机械密封动环、静环和静环座组成的三维热-结构耦合模型,并使用MATLAB计算端面热流密度插值函数;采用UDF函数对插值函数进行加载,求出每一个单元的热流密度,进而分析高温热油泵机械密封在不同转速、材料和相关结构参数下的传热特性和端面温升。分析结果表明：高温热油泵机械密封运转过程中,接触端面处温度最高;端面热量主要是通过动环传导出去,改变O形圈的支撑位置可以优化端面温升;随着端面宽度的增加及载荷系数的增大,端面温升均增大;机械密封在稳态运转的情况下,端面不会发生相变。     

机械密封动环变形对端面温度场的影响

在合理的假设条件下,考虑到液膜对动环的热量分配系数,基于液体润滑非接触机械密封稳态传热模型,利用ANSYS软件分别对动环变形前后温度场进行计算,得出动环端面温度分布规律,并分析主轴转速、变形角β、液膜厚度、密封环导热系数等参数对温度场的影响。分析结果表明:变形后温度要明显高于变形前温度;动环的高温区出现在内径处;主轴转速、材料的导热系数对动环端面温度有较大影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.