超音速火焰喷涂制备铝基复合制动盘工艺及力学性能研究

基于超音速火焰喷涂(High Velocity Oxygen Fuel, HVOF)技术,在7075高强铝合金表面制备出碳化钨(WC)颗粒来增强镍基合金的耐磨层,分别利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对喷涂层及界面过渡区(Interface Transition Zone, ITZ)微观组织进行表征,技术制造分别使用显微硬度仪和万能试验机对喷涂层的显微硬度和抗剪强度进行测试,探求铝基复合制动盘超音速火焰喷涂工艺。结果表明,超音速火焰喷涂制备铝基复合制动盘的工艺参数为铝基合金表面WC颗粒含量为35%,氧油比约为3∶1,送粉量为80 g/min,喷涂距离为330 mm,入射速度为450 m/s,制动盘转速为7 r/min,氮气流量为10 L/min;铝基复合制动盘喷涂层微观组织为奥氏体基体上弥散分布着大量WC颗粒,致密度高达94%;喷涂层显微硬度约为1 500HV,剪切强度约为147.3 MPa,满足制动盘力学性能要求。     

镁合金表面的搅拌摩擦加工改性

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术通过加入Al_2O_3颗粒对AZ31镁舍金进行表面改性,研究了表面复合层的显微组织、力学性能及加工速度对显微组织的影响规律。结果表明:采用该技术可在合金表面成功制备出Al_2O_3/AZ31表面复合层,当搅拌头的旋转速度为1 500 r·min~(-1)、加工速度为23.5 mm·min~(-1)时,Al_2O_3颗粒均匀地分布在镁合金基体上,且与基体结合较好;Al_2O_3颗粒对再结晶晶粒的晶界起到钉扎作用,可显著细化晶粒;得到的表面复合层的显微硬度为55 HV,比母材硬度提高41%,细晶强化和颗粒强化对硬度的提高起着主要作用。     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层表面形貌、组织结构及性能研究

通过复合电铸工艺制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层,探讨了镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒悬浮量和电流密度对Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层表面形貌的影响,用SEM、TEM和显微硬度仪对纳米复合电铸层的表面形貌、组织结构和显微硬度进行了分析。结果表明,镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒悬浮量和电流密度对纳米复合电铸层表面形貌有较大程度的影响。纳米ZrO2颗粒细化了复合电铸层中基质金属的晶粒,使复合电铸层的表面光滑平整,组织均匀、致密,显微硬度大幅度提高。     

行进速度对搅拌摩擦加工高熵合金增强铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备了FeCoNiCrAl高熵合金颗粒增强AA5083铝基复合材料,研究了行进速度(45,60,75 mm·min-1)对复合材料中高熵合金颗粒分布、显微硬度和耐磨性能的影响.结果表明:制备的复合材料中没有新相生成,复合材料的显微硬度高于铝合金基体的;随着行进速度的增加,高熵合金颗粒的分布均匀性变差,复合材料的显微硬度略微降低;复合材料的平均摩擦因数和磨损率均较铝合金基体的低;随着行进速度的增加,复合材料摩擦因数和磨损率均增大,耐磨性能下降;复合材料和铝合金的磨损机制分别为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损.     

电铸制备SiC颗粒增强镍基复合材料的工艺与性能

采用电铸技术(氨基磺酸镍电铸液)成功制备了SiC颗粒增强镍基复合材料;用Leica Qwin图形分析软件和显微硬度计分析了电铸工艺参数对SiC颗粒增强镍基复合材料中SiC颗粒含量以及SiC含量对该复合材料显微硬度的影响;用场发射扫描电镜分析了复合材料的截面形貌和SiC分布.结果表明:在SiC加入量50 g·L-1、电流密度3 A·dm-2和磁力搅拌强度1.5次/min条件下,复合材料中SiC颗粒体积分数达到最高值27%,其显微硬度值也最高,为710 HV.     

一种新型粘弹性磁性磨具的制备及其加工实验研究

为解决当前粘弹性磁性磨具其流动性和界面结合差、易开裂且不易分解等问题,研制了一种新型粘弹性磁性磨具并对其进行光整加工铝合金管内圆的研究。结果表明:新制备的磨具有流动性良好、较以往基体的磨具加工效果好等优点。工件回转比磁极回转加工效果好;在单磁极、基体质量与铁磁颗粒和Si C颗粒的质量比值为1:2且工件转速达到600r/min时,铝合金管的内圆表面粗糙度Ra值从0.828μm降到0.272μm,Ra值相对下降率为67.2%;基体质量与铁磁颗粒和磨粒颗粒总质量比值为1:2的磨具较比值为1:1的磨具加工效果好。     

高熵合金增强铝基复合材料组织与显微硬度研究

以5083铝合金为基体,以FeCoNiCrMn高熵合金颗粒为增强相,通过搅拌摩擦加工技术制备了颗粒增强铝基复合材料,研究了加工道次对复合材料微观组织和显微硬度的影响。研究结果表明:增加加工道次可以使得FeCoNiCrMn高熵合金颗粒在基体中分散更加均匀,显微硬度结果显示添加FeCoNiCrMn高熵合金颗粒后复合材料硬度得到大幅度提升,且5道次加工后的显微硬度最高。     

纳米碳化硅增强铜基复合材料的组织及其磨损性能

为了探求在常温下制备颗粒弥散增强金属基复合材料的方法，采用复合电铸工艺在室温下制备了纳米碳化硅粒子弥散增强铜基复合材料，对其表面形貌、微观组织结构进行了观察，对显微硬度、磨损性能及导电性能进行了测试。结果表明：纳米碳化硅粒子均匀弥散分布在铜基体中，且与基体结合良好；复合材料表面平整、细密；与电沉积纯铜材料相比，其显微硬度明显提高，磨损性能改善，导电性能下降幅度不大。     

内氧化法制备点焊电极用ZrO_2/Cu复合材料的组织与性能

采用改进的内氧化法制备了点焊电极用ZrO2/Cu复合材料,并对其进行了塑性变形及热处理,研究了不同工艺条件下复合材料的显微组织、硬度和导电性。结果表明:ZrO2/Cu复合材料组织均匀细小,ZrO2颗粒弥散分布于铜基体中;随着冷拉拔变形量增大,复合材料的硬度增大,导电率降低,其较佳的冷拉拔变形量为60%,此时复合材料的硬度可达100 HV,导电率为86%IACS;随着加热温度的提高和保温时间的延长,复合材料仍具有较高的导电率,且硬度变化较小,其耐高温性优于铜铬锆合金的,适合作为点焊电极材料。     

离心铸造喷射法复合轧辊材料的研究

采用离心铸造喷射法成功制备了碳化钨颗粒增强高铬铸铁(Cr20)基复合材料轧辊,对其进行了磨损性能试验及显微组织分析.结果表明:碳化钨颗粒弥散分布在轧辊复合层中,与基体形成良好结合;轧辊表面复合层的耐磨料磨损性能是单一材质Cr20的1.38倍.     

Preparation of Nickel-Cobalt/Carborundum Carbide Composite Coatings by Supergravity Field-Enhanced Electrodeposition

Nickel-cobalt/silicon carbide(Ni-Co/SiC) composite coatings were fabricated by supergravity field-enhanced electrodeposition. The surface morphology and the distribution of the SiC particles in the coatings were examined by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The preferred orientations of the coatings were measured by X-ray di ractometry. The wear resistance and microhardness were measured by a reciprocating tribometer and a microhardness instrument, respectively. The results revealed that the use of the supergravity field enhanced the smoothness of the as-deposited Ni-Co/SiC coatings, and the SiC nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in comparison with that for conventional electrodeposition. When the rotation speed of the cathode, which provided the supergravity field, was 800 r/min, the SiC content in the coating reached a maximum of 8.1 wt%, which was a much higher content than the 2.2 wt% value obtained under conventional electrodeposition. The highest coating microhardness of 680 HV was also observed at this rotation speed. In addition, the wear resistance of the as-prepared Ni-Co/SiC coatings exhibited improved performance relative to that prepared under normal gravity. A minimum wear weight loss of 1.4 mg together with an average friction coe cient of 0.13 were also realized at a rotation speed of 800 r/min, values which were much lower than those for normal gravity.     

Effect of Trace Addition of Ceramic on Microstructure Development and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted AlSi10Mg Alloy

Selective laser melting(SLM) is an emerging additive manufacturing technology for fabricating aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how to improve the properties of laser manufactured aluminum alloy by adding ceramic reinforcing particles. Here the effect of trace addition of TiB_2 ceramic(1% weight fraction) on microstructural and mechanical properties of SLM-produced AlSi10Mg composite parts was investigated. The densification level increased with increasing laser power and decreasing scan speed. A near fully dense composite part(99.37%) with smooth surface morphology and elevated inter-layer bonding was successfully obtained. A decrease of lattice plane distance was identified by X-ray di raction with the laser scan speed decreased, which implied that the crystal lattices were distorted due to the dissolution of Si and TiB_2 particles. A homogeneous composite microstructure with the distribution of surface-smoothened TiB_2 particles was present, and a small amount of Si particles precipitated at the interface between reinforcing particles and matrix. In contrast to the Al Si10 Mg alloy, the composites showed a stabilized microhardness distribution. A higher ultimate tensile strength of 380.0 MPa, yield strength of 250.4 MPa and elongation of 3.43% were obtained even with a trace amount of ceramic addition. The improvement of tensile properties can be attributed to multiple mechanisms including solid solution strengthening, load-bearing strengthening and dispersion strengthening. This research provides a theoretical basis for ceramic reinforced aluminum matrix composites by additive manufacturing.     

Experimental study on fabrication and evaluation of a micro-scale shaft grinding tool

This paper presents a micro-grinding experiment on AISI 1020 steel and Ti-6Al-4V to study micro-grinding principle and the change rule of the force and surface with different grinding parameters. A novel micro shaft grinding tool is fabricated by cold sprayed with CBN grains, the manufacturing is carried out on a desktop micro machine developed by NEU. Influences caused by particle size on surface quality has been discussed, it has been tested that low surface roughness could be achieved on 3000 particle size of micro shaft grinding tool, the roughness of AISI 1020 steel accomplished in the experiment is about 0.086 μm. Measured micro-grinding force of Ti-6Al-4V decreases with the increasing spindle speed and the decreasing cutting depth. The surface roughness decreases with the increasing spindle speed and the decreasing feed rate. The minimum surface roughness is 325 nm with the spindle speed of 48000 r/min and the feed rate of 20 μm/s.     

Friction and wear behaviour of aluminium alloy coconut shell char particulate composites

The friction and wear characteristics of Al-11.8%Si alloys containing 10–25 vol.% (3–8 wt.%) dispersions of coconut shell char particles (average size, 125 μm) were evaluated under dry conditions with a pin-on-disc machine. At the lower sliding speed of 0.56 m s^?1, the wear rates and friction coefficients of the composites decreased with increasing volume per cent of dispersed char particles in the aluminium alloy matrix. Scanning electron microscopy observations have revealed the presence of adhering shell char fragments on the worn-out surface of the composites and the average roughness R_a for the worn-out surface of the composite (Al-11.8%Si-8%char) was much less (1.9 μm) than for the worn-out surface of the matrix (3.2 μm). At the higher sliding speed of 5.38 m s^?1, the wear rates increased with increasing volume per cent of dispersed char particles in the matrix and the R_a value for the composite (Al-11.8%Si-8%char) was higher (5.2 μm) than for the matrix (4.6 μm). The worn-out surface of the composites did not show the presence of adhering shell char fragments. The reduction in wear rates and friction coefficients of composites at the lower sliding speed of 0.56 m s^?1 with respect to the matrix alloy wear was attributed to the presence of adhered fragmented bits of shell char on the wearing composite surface.     

Effects of Morphological Characteristics of Alumina Particles and Interfacial Bonding Strength on Wear Behavior of Nano/Micro-alumina Particulates Reinforced Al/A206 Matrix Composites

Matrix/reinforcement interface has a critical role in determining the properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Properties of matrix/reinforcement interface depend on the fabrication method. The main problem in the fabrication of MMCs is wettability between reinforcing particles and molten alloy. Al206/5 vol% alumina_p cast composites were fabricated by the addition of reinforcing particles into molten Al alloy, semi-solid and liquid states, in two different forms: (1) as-received alumina (nano/micro) particles and (2) pre-synthesized composite reinforcement prepared via ball milling of alumina (nano/micro) with Al and Mg powders (master metal matrix composite). The effects of powder addition techniques, alumina/matrix interfacial bonding strength, and morphological characteristics of alumina particles on wear behavior were investigated. A new combination parameter, called alumina particle appearance (APA) index, was introduced. APA index approximates the collective effects of morphological characteristics of alumina particles on wear behavior. It is suggested that samples with lower APA index have superior wear properties. Microscopic examinations of the composite and matrix alloy and alumina/matrix interface were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that wear resistance was increased in the composites fabricated by the addition of pre-synthesized reinforcing particles into molten alloy in the semi-solid state. Improvement in wear resistance is attributed to higher bonding strength of matrix/reinforcement as well lower APA index compared to those prepared via as-received alumina particles.     

Transmission electron microscopy studies of squeeze cast Al-AlN composites

Aluminium-matrix composites containing ∼45 vol.% AlN particles were fabricated by melt infiltration of aluminium into an AlN preform under a pressure up to 130 MPa. Three types of aluminium alloy (2024, 6060 and 5754) were used. The as-prepared composites were studied by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. As a result of the melt infiltration process, the composites are very dense and the microstructure shows a homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement. The interfaces are clean with very little porosity. Composites with 2024 and 6060 matrices were carefully studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) after heat treatments. Dislocation density in the matrix of the reinforced material increases due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of aluminium alloys and AlN. This can induce an accelerated ageing response of the coherent and semicoherent precipitations of age-hardened matrices. This behaviour has been studied in the 2024 and 6060 composites by using microhardness measurements and TEM. Reactions between the AlN reinforcement and aluminium matrices (6060 and 5754) were observed and analysed by TEM. Matrices containing some of magnesium display a MgAl₂O₄ spinel formation at the AlN/matrix interface. The spinel formation is probably due to the reaction between magnesium of the matrix and the thin Al₂O₃ layer on the AlN surfaces. This reaction can affect the mechanical behaviour of the composite infiltrated with the 5754 matrix. This has been confirmed by overageing some samples at high temperatures (300 °C and 550 °C) for 10 days in order to emphasize the interfacial reactions.     

3D-C/SiC复合材料的高温拉伸性能

研究了 3D C/SiC复合材料从室温到 15 0 0℃真空条件的拉伸性能。试验材料用T30 0碳纤维编织为三维四向编织体 ,编织角为 2 2° ,用CVI法在 95 0℃～ 10 0 0℃沉积热解碳界面层、SiC基体。最终得到纤维体积分数约为4 0vol%、热解碳界面层厚度约 0 .2 μm和空隙率为 17vol%的复合材料 ,表面SiC涂层厚度为 5 0 μm。试验在超高温拉伸试验机上进行 ,真空度为 10 -3 Pa ,夹头位移速率为 0 .5 95mm/min。结果表明 ,拉伸应力 应变曲线是非线性的 ,大部分拉伸曲线基本由三段折线组成 ,对应着三段模量。第一阶段的模量和基体裂纹饱和应力对应的应变εsa 基本不随温度的升高而改变 ;第二和第三阶段的模量、损伤开始应力σmc、基体裂纹饱和应力σsa、断裂应力σf 和损伤开始应变εmc随温度有相似的变化规律 ,即随温度升高而增加 ,在 110 0℃ ～ 130 0℃范围内出现最大值 ,尔后随温度增加而下降 ;但是断裂应变的变化规律正好与此相反。试样机械加工后 ,由于残余应力部分得到松弛 ,并去除了表面SiC涂层开裂后引起的应力集中 ,因此材料断裂强度和断裂应变明显升高。高温和室温的拉伸断裂应变小于0 .6 % ,不能有效地松弛材料切口处的应力集中。测量了拉伸过程中试样的电阻相对变化率 ,它与载荷的关系曲线总的走势与拉     

氧化钇颗粒增强铜基复合材料的组织与性能研究

本文以添加0~20%体积分数的Y2O3颗粒增强铜基复合材料为研究对象,利用金相照片,扫描电镜、显微硬度、腐蚀试验等测试技术及实验手段,宏微观结合进行组织与性能分析。结果表明,Y2O3颗粒与基体结合得很致密,它们之间基本上无裂隙存在。随着Y2O3含量的增加,该系列铜基复合材料的多孔率下降,显微硬度值上升幅度较大,强化效果较好,耐腐蚀性也得到提高。     

Effect of turning parameters on surface roughness of A356/5% SiC composite produced by electromagnetic stir casting

In the present investigation, A356 alloy 5 wt% SiC composite is fabricated by electromagnetic stir casting process. An attempt has been made to investigate the effect of CNC lathe process parameters like cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate on surface roughness during machining of A356 alloy 5 wt% SiC particulate metal-matrix composites in dry condition. Response surface methodology (Box Behnken Method) is chosen to design the experiments. The results reveal that cutting speed increases surface roughness decreases, whereas depth of cut and feed increase surface roughness increase. Optimum values of speed (190 m/min), feed (0.14 mm/rev) and depth of cut (0.20 mm) during turning of A356 alloy 5 wt% SiC composites to minimize the surface roughness (3.15μm) have been find out. The mechanical properties of A356 alloy 5 wt% SiC were also analyzed.     

Drilling of a hybrid Al/SiC/Gr metal matrix composites

The present study investigates the influence of cutting parameters on cutting force and surface roughness in drilling of Al/20%SiC/5%Gr and Al/20%SiC/10%Gr hybrid composites fabricated by vortex method. The drilling tests are conducted with diamond-like carbon-coated cutting tools. This paper is an attempt to understand the machining characteristics of the new hybrid metal matrix composites. The results indicate that inclusion of graphite as an additional reinforcement in Al/SiCp reinforced composite reduces the cutting force. The cutting speed and its interactions with feed rate are minimum. Feed rate is the main factor influencing the cutting force in both composites. The surface roughness value is proportional with the increase in feed rate while inversely proportional with cutting speed in both composites. For all cutting conditions, Al/20%SiC/10%Gr composite has lower surface roughness values than Al/20%SiC/5%Gr composite. The surface is analyzed using scanning electron microscope.