电动换挡执行机构传动效率试验研究

搭建了电动换挡执行机构传动效率试验台,利用该试验台,分别对换挡执行机构在定执行时间变负载和变执行时间定负载2种工况条件下的平均传动效率进行了试验研究。通过对2种工况下蜗轮蜗杆、齿轮齿扇和整体传动平均传动效率试验结果的研究分析发现:蜗轮蜗杆和整体传动的平均传动效率较低,齿轮齿扇的平均传动效率较高;转速对平均传动效率影响较小,转矩对平均传动效率影响较大,且随着转矩的增加而增加。     

阀门执行机构传动蜗杆冷滚压加工技术的应用

阀门执行机构一般为蜗轮蜗杆副传动,其中传动蜗杆的加工方式多为切削加工.以德国PEE-WEE公司P60型圆柱式双轮滚丝机为试验平台,以阀门执行机构ZA型传动蜗杆为研究对象,对阀门执行机构传动蜗杆的冷滚压加工工艺进行研究.通过对阀门执行机构的切削蜗杆和冷滚压蜗杆在齿形尺寸精度、齿面微观组织结构和蜗杆传动性能3个方面的对比试验,发现冷滚压蜗杆的齿廓精度、齿根强度以及传动效率均高于切削蜗杆,而冷滚压加工工艺又具备生产效率高及制造成本低的优势,未来在阀门执行机构开关型工况领域,蜗杆冷滚压加工工艺将具有较好的应用前景.     

滚子包络端面啮合蜗杆副加工专用设备研制与试制研究

根据滚子包络端面啮合蜗杆传动的传动原理及数学模型,分析滚子包络端面啮合蜗杆加工共轭关系,提出滚子包络端面啮合蜗杆专用制造装备设计方案,研制专用制造装备,进行蜗杆样件试制,并利用试制的样件进行了台架试验。结果表明,通过对研检测单段蜗杆与蜗轮同时啮合齿对数为5;该蜗杆副的噪声随转速的增加而增加,噪声在70～93 dB之间;该蜗杆副的传动效率随载荷的增加并逐步趋于稳定值,不同载荷下稳定的传动效率在40%～48%之间。研究结果为进一步研究该蜗杆传动奠定理论基础。     

渐开线蜗杆传动效率的理论与实验分析

从蜗杆传动的啮合效率和润滑条件两方面对不同传动比的渐开线蜗杆进行传动效率的理论分析 ,并通过传动比分别为 1/5 0和 6/3 1的渐开线蜗杆设计参数得到蜗杆润滑条件的理论分析结果和蜗杆啮合效率的变化趋势 ,同时用传动效率实验数据验证理论分析的正确性     

蜗杆与斜齿轮传动代替蜗轮副用于阀门电动装置的有关问题分析

通过对蜗杆斜齿轮副和蜗轮副电动装置对比试验,找出了二者传动效率的差异,分析了蜗杆斜齿轮副齿面强度的有关问题。     

钢蜗杆副传动齿面跑合工艺的试验研究

通过对钢蜗杆副传动性能的试验,分析研究了蜗杆副的齿面跑合机理。试验结果表明,齿面跑合对钢蜗杆副传动性能影响很大。为钢蜗杆副传动的推广与应用提供了可靠的依据。     

超环面行星蜗杆传动的效率计算

运用行星轮系的效率分析方法，全面分析了超环面行星蜗杆传动的效率计算问题，并分蜗杆主动和蜗杆从动等四种情况给出了相应的效率计算公式。在此基础上，分析了不同情况下，传动效率的差异及传动效率随传动比的变化规律，研究结果对于该种传动的设计与制造，具有一定的参考价值。     

用齿轮油润滑实现钢蜗杆副传动的试验研究

用齿轮油作润滑剂以实现钢蜗杆副传动为目的,分别对用齿轮油润滑下的钢蜗杆副传动和用铜蜗轮油润滑下的铜蜗杆副传动的传动性能进行了试验研究。结果表明用齿轮油可以实现钢蜗杆副传动的润滑要求。为钢蜗杆副传动的推广与应用提供了可靠的依据。     

蜗轮蜗杆油应用技术研究

通过大量台架试验,提出传动效率是反映蜗轮蜗杆油润滑性能的最重要指标;温升是蜗轮蜗杆油润滑性能优劣的间接反映;抗胶合能力反映出蜗轮蜗杆油的极压特性;配方是影响蜗轮蜗杆油使用性能的决定因素;并提出应用蜗轮蜗杆油的思路.     

新型涂层钢蜗杆副传动机理研究与传动性能评价

为解决青铜蜗轮耐磨性差、疲劳强度低等问题,将新型涂层技术应用到钢蜗轮传动中。开展蜗杆传动弹性啮合分析、蜗轮齿面磨损分析和轮齿稳态温度场仿真分析,建立材料特性与蜗杆副应力场、磨损特性及温度场之间的关系,提出评价蜗杆副材料啮合性能、耐磨性及抗胶合能力的方法。在20Cr钢表面制备了超微细磷酸锰转化涂层和硫化亚铁固体润滑涂层,在摩擦磨损试验机上对涂层标准试件的摩擦学性能进行了评价,在传动试验台上对两种涂层钢蜗杆副进行传动性能综合试验。结果表明:两种涂层均具有优良的减摩耐磨性能,涂层钢蜗杆副较之未涂层钢蜗杆副缩短了跑合时间,具有更高的传动效率和更优良的抗胶合能力。上述研究为实现蜗杆传动以钢蜗轮替代青铜蜗轮的目标打下了基础,具有一定的理论意义和工程实用价值。     

油品组成对蜗杆副承载能力的影响

通过对15种不同添加剂配方的试验蜗轮蜗杆油进行胶合承载能力台架评定试验，以考查不同类型、不同含量的极压抗磨剂、油性剂等对蜗轮蜗杆承载能力影响的结果。     

Anti‐friction,anti‐wear and load‐carrying characteristics of environment friendly additive formulation

The extreme pressure (EP), anti‐wear and friction‐reducing characteristics of some of the commercial additive formulation and individual components on which these formulations are based have been studied and compared to characteristics of the components synthesised from naturally available non‐traditional vegetable oils and cashew nut shell liquid that have been refined and partially hydrogenated to improve stability. It has been shown that individual components from sulphurised and phosphosulphurised vegetable oils, esters and hydrogenated cardanol (derived from cashews) have better anti‐wear and friction‐reducing characteristics than the sulphurised olefins and alkylaryl phosphorothioates normally used as EP and anti‐wear additives, while the load‐carrying characteristics of a number of the combination of these derivatives are comparable. It has been shown that all these formulations are rapidly biodegradable and non‐toxic in nature as compared to traditional EP, anti‐wear and friction‐reducing additives, which fill in the category of slightly toxic to harmful. It is possible to formulate energy‐efficient EP gear oils that are fully biodegradable and non‐toxic by a combination of vegetable oil‐based additives of sulphurised vegetable oils, phosphosulphurised methyl recinoleate and phosphosulphurised hydrogenated cardanol amine borate, which meet all the performance characteristics of US steel 224 eg 52100, M‐50 AISI 1010 requirements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of gear oil viscosity and friction reducer type on transmission efficiency

The effects of gear oil viscosity and friction reducer type on transmission efficiency have been investigated using the manual transmission and hypoid rear axle of a typical Japanese car. A reduction in the viscosity of the oil improved the efficiency of the manual transmission but led to positive and negative effects in the rear axle, depending upon operating conditions. The effect of the friction reducer varied according to the type of EP additive used, indicating the necessity of preliminary investigations of compatibility with EP additives before adding friction reducers to gear oils.     

The effects of lubricating oil additives on the performance of worm gears

The effects of various types of lubricating oil additives (fatty oils, sulfurized fatty oils, metal soaps, E.P. additives) were investigated with a power circulating worm gear testing machine using hardened steel worms and phosphor bronze wheels and the following results were obtained:

1.

(1) All additives used showed antiseizure properties in worm gear lubrication of steel and phosphor bronze.     

Assessing the energy efficiency of gear oils via the FZG test machine

Energy efficient lubricants are becoming increasingly popular. This is due to a global increase in environmental awareness combined with the potential of reducing operating costs. A new test method of evaluating the energy efficiency of gear oils has been described in this report. The method involves measuring the power required by an FZG test rig to run while using a particular test lubricant. For each oil that was being evaluated, the rig was run for 10 minutes at a load stage of 10. Six extreme pressure (EP) industrial gear oils of mineral base were tested. The difference in power requirements between the best and the worst performing oils was 2.77 and 3.24 kW, respectively. This equates to a 14.6% reduction in power, a significant amount if considered in relation to a high powered industrial machine. The oils of superior performance were noticed to run at reduced temperatures. They were also more expensive than the other products of lesser performance.     

Influence of Oil Viscosity,Chemical Oil Structure,and Chemical Additives on Friction Loss of Spur Gears (Concerning the Influence of Synthetic Oil and Mineral Oil)

The friction loss of gears and its quantitative estimation are important problems because of their relevance to energy conservation and load-carrying capacity. Recent research results do not provide satisfactory estimates of friction loss of spur gears. Therefore, the authors carried out experiments to study the influences of lubricating oil viscosity and additives, as well as base oil type and load and rotational speed on friction loss of spur gears. Base oil types used were paraffin mineral, poly-α-olefin, and polyglycol with several oil viscosities. An EP and a mild EP additive were studied in these oils. Finally, the temperature rise of teeth of gears as a function of friction power loss was investigated, and an empirical formula for calculating the temperature rise of the spur gear teeth was derived.     

齿轮传动副在线强化的实验研究

齿轮试件的模数为 1.75 ,齿数分别为 3 2和 17,材料为 2 0CrMo ,分别选用平均粒径在 2 μm以下的超细无机硼酸盐添加剂配制的润滑油及普通矿物油ISOVG68润滑齿轮副 ,由自制的齿轮实验台上的实验结果表明 ,选用加有超细无机硼酸盐添加剂的润滑油时 ,齿轮副抗剥落能力大大提高。     

Effect of the type and concentration of lubricating additives on the antiwear and extreme pressure properties and rolling fatigue life of a four‐ball tribosystem

Tests were performed on two different four‐ball testers. The first was used to determine antiwear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) properties at sliding friction. The second was used to assess the surface fatigue (pitting) life at rolling movement. Lubricating oils of various chemical compositions were tested. A base mineral oil was blended with two different commercial packages of lubricating additives of AW and EP types. The AW additives contained ZDDP and were blended with the base oil at 0.2 and 3wt %. The EP additives were organic compounds of sulphur and phosphorus, blended with the base oil at 1 and 10wt %. It is shown that AW additives not only improve AW and EP properties but also — at 0.2% — are beneficial for the fatigue life. An increase in the concentration of AW additives leads to an improvement of AW and EP properties but — for one of the packages — reduces the fatigue life. EP additives — at 1% concentration — significantly improve EP properties, and to a lesser extent AW properties. Such a concentration of EP additives has no influence on the fatigue life. An increase in the concentration of EP additives leads to a further improvement of EP and AW properties. However, this is accompanied by a considerable decrease in the fatigue life. By using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer for analysis of the worn surface, mechanisms of action of various lubricating additives under different friction conditions were identified. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tribological behaviour of antiwear additives used in hydraulic applications: Synergistic or antagonistic with other surface-active additives?

This paper examines the friction and antiwear (AW) properties using SRV (Schwing–Reib–Verschleiss) tribometer and film-forming properties using atomic force microscope (AFM) of one simple model formulation containing solely AW additive and seven oils containing mixture of additives including three zinc-based packages (ZP), ZP with additional AW additives, ZP with extreme pressure (EP) additives, ZP with viscosity index improvers (VII) and one zinc-free ashless package in steel/steel contacts. VII-containing oil show lower boundary and mixed friction coefficients than the other oils. Although all AW additive-containing oils formed tribofilms, AW properties of ZPs appear to be affected antagonistically by EP additives while synergistically by VII. Zn-free additives investigated in this study show higher wear than ZPs.