基于加速老化试验的海工装备O形密封圈寿命预测

针对海工装备O形密封圈实际工作中海水的酸碱性和海洋特殊环境，开展O形密封圈老化加速寿命试验。基于橡胶老化经验公式与阿仑尼乌斯加速模型，设计模拟海洋环境的老化加速寿命试验台，在湿度80%、盐度35%（质量分数）、pH值8.22的环境下，开展35、50与65 ℃下的老化加速试验；建立丁腈橡胶密封圈老化动力学模型，分析不同温度下压缩永久变形率随时间的变化规律，以及温度与老化时间以及压缩永久变形率之间的函数关系，预测海工装备中O形密封圈使用寿命。结果表明：密封圈在相同介质中不同温度下老化时，使用寿命随着温度升高而减少的速度并无明显变化。采用建立的密封圈老化动力学模型，推测出在25~30 ℃海水环境下密封圈使用寿命在1~1.5年之间，与实际使用寿命基本吻合。     

长期贮存条件下的O形橡胶密封圈摩擦力变化研究

该文以常见胶料O形橡胶密封圈为研究点,研究对比了O形橡胶密封圈在经过长时间贮存后的摩擦力变化规律,为活动密封结构长期贮存后的使用提供了借鉴。为了更加快速的得出O形橡胶密封圈摩擦力随贮存时间的变化规律,该研究依据GB/T20028-2005《硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶应用阿累尼乌斯图推算寿命和最高使用温度》对三元乙丙橡胶材料进行了热空气条件下的加速老化,得出了在径向动密封结构中,随着贮存时间的延长,O形橡胶密封圈与筒壁之间的动摩擦力存在变小趋势的结论。     

SRM长期贮存下橡胶O形圈泄漏分析

使用ABAQUS有限元软件对贮存条件下固体火箭发动机（SRM）橡胶O形密封圈的力学状态和变形情况进行数值模拟分析。通过分析SRM密封结构的泄漏机制,在基于Roth密封理论建立的分子流泄漏模型中引入橡胶老化模型,建立长期贮存条件下橡胶O形圈的泄漏率模型,研究贮存时间、压缩率和法兰表面粗糙度对SRM长期贮存下橡胶O形圈泄漏率的影响。结果表明：SRM在贮存条件下橡胶O形圈的应力呈哑铃状对称分布,在橡胶圈和法兰的上下接触面附近、沟槽右侧壁易出现应力集中;SRM橡胶密封圈的泄漏率随贮存时间的增长而增大,初始泄漏率随时间推移增长较快,但最终趋于稳定;压缩率的增大有利于降低SRM密封结构的泄漏率;在相同的贮存时间内,法兰表面粗糙度越大,橡胶圈的泄漏率越大。     

固体火箭发动机长期贮存下橡胶O形圈泄漏分析

使用ABAQUS有限元软件对贮存条件下固体火箭发动机(SRM)橡胶O形密封圈的力学状态和变形情况进行数值模拟分析。通过分析SRM密封结构的泄漏机制,在基于Roth密封理论建立的分子流泄漏模型中引入橡胶老化模型,建立长期贮存条件下橡胶O形圈的泄漏率模型,研究贮存时间、压缩率和法兰表面粗糙度对SRM长期贮存下橡胶O形圈泄漏率的影响。结果表明:SRM在贮存条件下橡胶O形圈的应力呈哑铃状对称分布,在橡胶圈和法兰的上下接触面附近、沟槽右侧壁易出现应力集中;SRM橡胶密封圈的泄漏率随贮存时间的增长而增大,初始泄漏率随时间推移增长较快,但最终趋于稳定;压缩率的增大有利于降低SRM密封结构的泄漏率;在相同的贮存时间内,法兰表面粗糙度越大,橡胶圈的泄漏率越大。     

基于加速老化的橡胶密封件使用寿命评估

该文利用控温箱进行橡胶样品的老化实验,通过测量压缩永久变形,判断橡胶样品的老化程度随时间的变化情况。以Arrhenius方程表示不同温度下的老化速度的关系,并利用时温等效原理和高温下橡胶样品老化的数据,估测常温下橡胶的老化情况。根据压缩永久变形量与密封能力的判断准则,给出由试验样品制备的橡胶密封件在常温下的预期寿命。     

滑移式机械密封的动态辅助密封圈性能研究

建立了滑移式机械密封装置上动态辅助橡胶密封圈的有限元模型;考虑到大变形及材料的非线性,分析了密封圈的应力分布情况及其摩擦特性,与实际的结果进行了对比;讨论了辅助密封圈工作状态下的微动特性,研究了其运动规律并推导出其轴向阻尼系数。结果表明,采用Mooney-R ivlin非线性有限元本构关系可得到接近实际工况的接触压力和摩擦力;橡胶动态辅助密封圈的初始压缩率对其性能有较大影响,随着初始压缩率的增加,密封面上的接触压力不断增加,但是摩擦力却逐渐增大,使动态辅助密封圈的浮动性恶化,因此初始压缩率存在一最佳范围。     

基于流固耦合的橡胶O形圈老化对密封性能的影响研究

橡胶O形圈在高温受压的环境下易发生老化并产生泄漏,而最大接触压力和永久压缩变形不足以判定密封系统的密封性能。为了更加精准研究橡胶O形圈在高温受压情况下的老化对密封性能的影响,通过实验获取橡胶O形圈老化后的泄漏率和性能数据,构建有限元仿真模型,获取不同老化时间下的密封面接触压力,结合流固耦合模型计算出理论泄漏率。通过对比不同老化时间后的橡胶O形圈的实验泄漏率和密封面接触压力评估其密封性能。对比数值模型得到的结果和实验结果,发现理论模型与实际情况一致性较好,验证了该理论模型可为橡胶O形圈的老化行为分析、预测提供指导。     

利用试验与领先使用相结合的方法调整设备维修周期

为调整某设备的维修周期,该文首先分析了该设备的薄弱环节为橡胶密封圈,对橡胶密封圈进行加速老化试验,采用回归分析法推导出温度、压缩永久变形率和寿命的关系,并结合领先使用法确定出其使用寿命,以此为根据调整该设备的维修周期。试验法与领先使用法得出的寿命结论一致,橡胶密封圈的寿命可由2年延长至5年。     

临近空间载人舱舱门密封特性研究

为研究临近空间载人舱舱门密封特性,对临近空间载人舱舱门P形橡胶密封圈进行有限元压缩行为仿真分析,分析P形橡胶密封圈主副密封面密封接触宽度和接触应力随舱门间隙与舱门行程变化的规律,并根据该规律给出舱门压缩行程和舱门密封间隙的设计推荐值。基于ROTH泄漏模型推导出P形橡胶密封圈的总漏率模型,并计算该泄漏模型的稳态漏率值。通过舱门密封试验,对P形橡胶密封圈的总漏率进行验证。P形橡胶密封圈总漏率计算值与试验结果基本吻合,验证了P形橡胶密封圈总漏率模型的有效性。     

机械密封用橡胶O形圈一些问题的探讨

在机械密封中,橡胶O形圈属于辅助密封元件,但也是机械密封的基本零件之一。橡胶O形圈在工作时,其截面处于压缩状态(见图1),而内径则处于拉伸状态(见图2)。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

5083H111轧制铝合金的低周疲劳行为

在室温下对5083H111轧制铝合金板三个典型方向——轧制方向(RD方向)、与轧制方向成45°角方向(MD方向)、垂直于轧制方向(TD方向)的试样进行了单轴对称应变控制的低调疲劳试验,研究了不同方向试样的循环变形行为和疲劳寿命差异。结果表明:铝合金板在三个方向上都表现出了明显的循环硬化特性,即在恒定的应变幅下,三个方向的响应应力幅均随着循环次数的增加而增大,并且外加应变幅越大,响应应力幅也越大;三个方向的低周疲劳ε-Nf曲线差别不明显;三参数幂函数寿命模型可以很好地预测5083H111铝合金的低周疲劳寿命。