动态冲击载荷下无氧铜的力学性能研究

利用分离式Hopkinson压杆实验装置(SHPB)对无氧铜进行了常温下不同应变率(2 500 s-1~15 500 s-1)的动态力学性能进行了测试,得到常温下无氧铜的真实应力-真实应变曲线,并分别通过Power-Law本构模型和JohnsonCook本构模型对其进行了拟合。结果表明:无氧铜在受到动态压缩载荷的作用时,其塑性流动应力对应变率并没有表现出敏感的趋势,但对于材料的屈服应力则在应变率高于14 000 s-1时明显增加,同时材料的应变强化效果降低,另外,相较于Johnson-Cook本构模型,Power-Law本构模型能够更准确的预测无氧铜在高应变率下的塑性流动应力。     

粉煤灰漂珠/聚氨酯复合泡沫铝材料压缩性能与本构关系研究

采用压力渗透法制备出了铝基复合泡沫材料,填充材料是以粉煤灰漂珠为主要组分、硬质聚氨酯泡沫为粘结剂的复合泡沫材料.通过准静态实验和分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)动态压缩的方法研究了复合泡沫铝的压缩力学响应,然后建立了动态本构关系.研究表明,复合泡沫铝的压缩应力-应变曲线与其它泡沫材料的应力-应变曲线类似,文中的两种铝基复合泡沫具有应变率效应,复合泡沫铝较密度相近未填充前的泡沫铝基具有更高的压缩强度与能量吸收能力.但由于漂珠尺寸的不同,导致两种复合泡沫铝的动态压缩结果不尽相同,且小颗粒复合泡沫铝在动态冲击下吸能效果最好.在本研究实验的应变率和密度范围内,本文建立的本构模型曲线与实验曲线吻合较好.     

粉煤灰漂珠/聚氨酯复合泡沫铝材料压缩性能与本构关系研究

采用压力渗透法制备出了铝基复合泡沫材料,填充材料是以粉煤灰漂珠为主要组分、硬质聚氨酯泡沫为粘结剂的复合泡沫材料.通过准静态实验和分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)动态压缩的方法研究了复合泡沫铝的压缩力学响应,然后建立了动态本构关系.研究表明,复合泡沫铝的压缩应力-应变曲线与其它泡沫材料的应力-应变曲线类似,文中的两种铝基复合泡沫具有应变率效应,复合泡沫铝较密度相近未填充前的泡沫铝基具有更高的压缩强度与能量吸收能力.但由于漂珠尺寸的不同,导致两种复合泡沫铝的动态压缩结果不尽相同,且小颗粒复合泡沫铝在动态冲击下吸能效果最好.在本研究实验的应变率和密度范围内,本文建立的本构模型曲线与实验曲线吻合较好.     

光固化光敏树脂蜂窝结构试样动态力学行为及本构模型

为明确光固化成型技术制备的蜂窝状结构光敏树脂材料的力学性能,使用万能材料试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆实验装置对原始实心试样和不同胞元直径的圆形蜂窝结构试样进行不同应变率的力学性能测试.结果表明:光敏树脂的弹性模量和屈服极限随应变率的增加而增加.低应变率下,光敏树脂达到屈服极限后出现了应变软化和应变硬化现象,体现出光敏树脂的粘弹性.高应变率下,光敏树脂呈现出显著的应变率效应以及应变率敏感性.蜂窝结构试样的弹性模量和屈服极限随着胞元直径的增加而降低.最后建立了高应变率下光敏树脂的ZWT非线性粘弹性本构模型,拟合的数据与实际数据能够较好地吻合.     

5052铝合金的动态拉伸性能及其本构模型

为了提高5052铝合金在应用中的安全性,准确的计算结构件在复杂载荷下的强度,非常有必要对材料在不同应变率下的力学性能进行研究。本文分别采用高温电子万能试验机和霍普金森拉杆装置对其进行了准静态和高应变率下的拉伸试验,得到了材料的应力-应变曲线,构建了能够准确描述其塑性变形行为的本构模型。结果表明：5052铝合金具有明显的应变率敏感性,且随着应变率的增加,其屈服强度和强度极限不断增加。基于试验结果,本文提出采用一种修正的Johnson-Cook模型来拟合材料的动态本构关系,拟合结果与试验数据吻合度较高;进一步使用ANSYS软件用此模型模拟了高应变率下试样的单向拉伸过程,提取典型节点的应力应变曲线,模拟结果与试验结果相吻合。说明本文所建立的修正Johnson-Cook模型能够较好地描述5052铝合金的动态特性,可为实际工程中的数值模拟问题提供数据支持,从而为零部件的加工工艺、结构设计和实际生产提供可靠的参考和有效的指导。     

碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料动态力学性能及损伤模式实验研究

碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料具有优良的力学性能和成型性能,在轿车中已有应用。通过实验研究碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料的动静态拉伸力学性能,应变率从0.001/s至50/s。实验结果表明,随着应变率的增加,其弹性模量,抗拉强度均有所增加,表现出较强的应变率敏感性。采用含损伤的相关动态本构方程拟合了其应力应变曲线,为该材料的有限元分析提供了准确的本构方程,同时采用扫描电镜进行微观形貌分析,对该材料的损伤模式进行了初步探讨,为该材料的工程应用打下了基础。     

高铬铸铁动态力学性能研究

通过SHPB实验得出在不同温度.不同应变率下的高铬铸铁Cr15Mo的应力-应变曲线,选用Johnson—Cook材料模型确定材料的本构关系,将此本构关系输入到Abaqus有限元分析软件来进行高铬铸铁的高速切削加工的仿真与模拟。     

基于挤压模式下磁流变液力学行为的实验研究

对磁流变液在不同直流电流作用下的准静态挤压过程进行了实验研究.建立了用于测试磁流变液挤压模式下力学特性的实验装置,并通过ANSYS/Multiphysics对此实验装置磁路的磁感应强度分布进行了仿真分析.测试了压应力和压缩弹性模量各自随压应变的变化曲线.实验结果表明:压应力与压应变、外加电流大小和磁流变液本身的性能都有密切的关系.压应力与压应变、压缩弹性模量与压应变的曲线可以划分为3个不同的区域.在第1区域压应变小于0.025时,压应力和压缩弹性模量随压应变的增加而迅速增加;在第2区域压应力与压应变的曲线斜率近乎为零,而压缩弹性模量却随压应变的增大而下降,在压应变约为0.15时降到最低.随后在压应变大于0.15时压应力和压缩弹性模量与压应变显示为指数关系.     

细晶T2纯铜动态力学性能及本构模型

晶粒大小是影响多晶金属材料力学性能的重要因素之一,研究细晶T2纯铜在高温、高应变率下的动态力学性能并建立其本构模型对切削加工有着重要意义。通过电子力能测试仪进行T2纯铜试样准静态压缩试验,并利用霍普金森压杆装置完成了不同应变率和不同温度的动态压缩试验。试验结果表明,纯铜材料具有明显的应变强化效应和温度软化效应,其动态压缩下的强度高于准静态压缩,但在高应变率区域内,并无明显的应变率强化效应。基于Johnson-Cook本构模型得到了细晶T2纯铜本构方程参数,拟合曲线与试验结果吻合较好。     

应变速率对镁合金压缩变形性能的影响

采用圆柱形试样等温（573K）压缩试验方法对不同应变速率下AM60B镁合金压缩变形行为进行了研究，采用数理统计方法建立了573K时AM60B镁合金不同应变速率下塑性变形的本构模型。结果表明：AM60B镁合金的流变应力随着应变速率的升高而增大，塑性变形率随着应变速率的升高而降低；建立的本构模型能充分反映不同应变速率对其塑性变形过程的影响规律。     

Evaluation of abradable seal coating mechanical properties

Three proprietary plasma-sprayed coatings, based on Ni–graphite, Al–Si–graphite and Al–Si–polyester, were chosen for evaluation by the use of a (low speed) scratch tester, as a means of assessing the performance of abradable coatings. The scratch test behaviour was also correlated with the mechanical properties of the coatings (elastic modulus, microhardness and ultimate tensile strength). The results obtained were compared with those from industrial trials, to ascertain if the scratch test could be used as a relatively cheap and effective alternative to expensive engine trials. We have shown that the Progressive Abradability Hardness, abbreviated below as PAH, can be utilised as a measure of abradability in the scratch test, and can be related to the mechanical properties, in a manner consistent with engine test-bed findings. We have also found that the abradability and the PAH can change with scratch length due, we believe, to coating compression and densification ahead of the slider. In this work, the PAH has been related to coating hardness, ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus.     

The effects of elbow joint angle on the mechanical properties of the common extensor tendon of the humeral epicondyle

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of elbow joint angle on mechanical properties, as represented by ultimate load, failure strain and elastic modulus, of bone-tendon specimens of common extensor tendon of the humeral epicondyle. Eight pairs of specimens were equally divided into two groups of 8 each, which selected arbitrarily from left or right side of each pair, positioned at 45° and 90° of elbow flexion and subjected to tension to failure in the physiological direction of the common extensor tendon. For comparison of the differences in the failure and elastic modulus between tendon and the bone-junction, data for both were evaluated individually. Significant reduction in ultimate load of bone-tendon specimens was shown to occur at 45°. The values obtained from the bone-tendon junctions with regard to the failure strain were significant higher than those from tendon in both loading directions, but the largest failure strain at the bone-tendon junction was found at 45°. The elastic modulus was found to decrease significantly at the bone-tendon junction when the loading direction switched from 90° to 45°. Histological observation, after mechanical tensile tests, in both loading directions showed that failure occurred at the interface between tendon and uncalcified fibrocartilage in the thinnest fibrocartilage zone of the bone-tendon junction. We concluded that differences in measured mechanical properties are a consequence of varying the loading direction of the tendon across the bone-tendon specimen.     

一种新的计算材料屈服强度的方法

本文根据能量原理,从理论上给出了材料的屈服强度与伸长率、弹性模量、密度、摩尔质量、摩尔热容、摩尔熔化潜热、熔化温度、变形温度等物理性能参数和力学性能参数之间的关系式。按该式计算的材料的屈服强度与46种材料的屈服强度的实测值吻合较好。     

铝蜂窝复合材料客车底板性能研究及应用

铝蜂窝复合材料作为一种新型材料,具有轻质高强的结构。对铝蜂窝复合材料的平拉性能、压缩性能、剥离强度等基本力学特性进行试验研究,试验结果表明:铝蜂窝客车底板具有比其他客车底板材料更好的力学性能。基于模态分析理论,对系统的模态参数和物理参数进行分析;并将铝蜂窝的动弹性模量和三点弯曲法的静弹性模量进行对比分析,结果表明:动弹性模量普遍大于静弹性模量,可以用动弹性模量作为铝蜂窝复合材料的一种考核指标。并对铝蜂窝复合材料客车底板进行结构设计,说明铝蜂窝客车底板安装的可行性。     

Nanoindentation of aluminum (100) at various temperatures

High temperatures generally affect materials in some form. In this regard, the capability to perform nanoscale measurements at elevated temperatures opens up new possibilities for investigating the temperature dependence of materials’ mechanical properties. Particularly, the responses of aluminum’s different mechanical properties to indentation at various temperatures have been studied experimentally. In this paper, aluminum response to different room temperatures was examined. The behaviors of a single crystal aluminum during loading and unloading were observed. Nanoindentation experiments on a single crystal aluminum (100) sample at temperatures of 265 K and 388 K were performed with different loading conditions. At the start of the first burst of the dislocation glide, which was indicated by a sudden increase in displacement with no increase in loading, evidence of plastic properties and softening effects on aluminum was identified. The ductile to brittle transition was observed at temperatures below 273 K. Generally, there was a significant increase in the penetration depth and a decrease in hardness, elastic modulus, and elastic recovery as the testing temperature increased.     

纳米金属材料宏观弹性模量的数值模拟研究

将分子动力学模拟方法与连续体的有限元模拟技术相结合,进行"复合有限元"方法的探索与研究.首先,将纳米金属材料看作由晶粒、晶界、三叉晶界组成的复合材料,基体是具有不规则原子结构的界面相,夹杂是具有理想晶格的晶粒相,用有限元源程序自动生成系统fepg软件模拟材料的宏观弹性模量,并进一步调整晶粒尺寸,研究晶粒尺寸对材料宏观弹性模量的影响.研究结果表明,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,晶界、孔洞等所占的体积比增大,材料的弹性模量也随之下降.     

泡沫铝结构对其拉伸力学性能的影响

研究了开孔与闭孔两种胞孔结构的泡沫铝在不同相对密度下的准静态拉伸力学性能,并与单向压缩性能进行了对比.结果表明：开孔和闭孔泡沫铝的拉伸曲线由线弹性变形段和塑性变形段组成,线弹性变形段很短,塑性屈服中没有出现明显的屈服点;高密度的开孔泡沫铝的杨氏模量、抗拉强度较低密度的闭孔泡沫铝要大;随着相对密度的增大,两种结构泡沫铝的力学性能均明显增强,符合Gibson和Ashby关系式,泡沫铝在准静态下的抗拉强度比抗压强度略低,而拉伸杨氏模量比压缩杨氏模量大得多.     

渗铝45钢力学性能影响分析

借助能谱(XRD)、硬度测量仪等对热处理后渗铝45钢力学性能进行研究分析,发现渗铝层硬度大于基体硬度,退火后渗层硬度下降;渗铝后抗拉强度和弹性模量明显增大,950℃退火后抗拉强度略高于850℃退火试样,而弹性模量则相对较低.     

The stress relaxation of cement clinkers under high temperature

The energy consumption of crushing is directly affected by the mechanical properties of cement materials. This research provides a theoretical proof for the mechanism of the stress relaxation of cement clinkers under high temperature. Compression stress relaxation under various high temperatures is discussed using a specially developed load cell, which can measure stress and displacement under high temperatures inside an autoclave. The cell shows that stress relaxation dramatically increases and that the remaining stress rapidly decreases with an increase in temperature. Mechanical experiments are conducted under various temperatures during the cooling process to study the changes in the grinding resistance of the cement clinker with temperature. The effects of high temperature on the load-displacement curve, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of cement clinkers are systematically studied. Results show that the hardening phenomenon of the clinker becomes apparent with a decrease in temperature and that post-peak behaviors manifest characteristics of the transformation from plasticity to brittleness. The elastic modulus and compressive strength of cement clinkers increase with a decrease in temperature. The elastic modulus increases greatly when the temperature is lower than 1000 °C. The compressive strength of clinkers increases by 73.4% when the temperature drops from 1100 to 800 °C.     

模拟点腐蚀多孔的两种油套管钢的拉伸性能

根据发生点腐蚀的油气管线基体呈现出点蚀坑的多孔特点,选用了两种常用的油套管钢N80和P110,通过计算机产生随机数确定点蚀坑的位置,利用小钻头打孔的方法模拟其基体多孔特征进行拉伸试验,测得其弹性模量E、屈服强度σ0.2和抗拉强度bσ,将前二者的理论公式进行修正,给出了两种多孔钢的bσ与孔隙率Φ的函数关系式。结果表明,随着材料Φ的增加,测得E、0σ.2和bσ均下降,且下降趋势逐渐减缓;E的测量值和理论计算值吻合,P110钢比N80钢符合得更好;0σ.2的测量值随着Φ的增加而递减,但衰减速率略快于理论预测;bσ的变化与屈服强度相似,在较大Φ时递减趋于缓慢。