植物油作为环境友好润滑剂的研究概况

对近年来植物油作为环境友好润滑剂的研究状况作了总结。介绍了通过使用添加剂、化学改性、生物改性等方法来提高植物油润滑性能的研究进展，指出国内开展相关研究工作的紧迫性。     

润滑油对蜗杆传动效率影响的研究

合理的选用润滑剂以提高蜗杆传动的效率，减少磨损发热已成为研究蜗杆传动热点的问题之一。本文主要介绍了在标准试验机和蜗杆试验台上所进行的一系列筛选试验研究及其主要成果，从而为合理地选用润滑剂（油）提供了科学的依据。     

机械式停车设备超载试验和最大偏载试验方法

分析了机械式停车设备的特点、产品的分类、型式试验的基本要求以及额定载荷和最大偏载试验的定义和试验方法,并详细介绍了典型产品的超载试验和最大偏载试验方法。     

航天器用液体润滑剂润滑性能研究进展

概述了航天器用液体润滑剂润滑理论,对模拟航天器机械部件工作条件建立的液体润滑剂润滑性能评定方法及其评定结果进行了介绍.提出我国应加强航天器用液体润滑剂润滑性能的研究.     

环境友好润滑剂的特点及发展

阐述了绿色友好润滑剂的生物降解性和摩擦化学特点，提出了环境友好润滑剂在发展过程中存在的主要问题，并对未来的发展趋势进行了预测。     

金属攻丝加工润滑剂的研制

介绍了金属挤压攻丝的特点及润滑要求,探讨了金属挤压攻丝用润滑剂极压性能的评定方法.通过极压抗磨添加剂的筛选和合理复配,开发了一种金属攻丝润滑剂.经现场使用试验表明,该润滑剂能够满足挤压攻丝的使用要求.     

介绍编程装置和智能装置

本文试图通过将智能装置与编程装置进行比较而下出定义。介绍了编程装置与智能装置的简单分类以及智能装置的定义和分类及其学习能力。     

基于特征的三维建模技术的应用

介绍了特征设计提出的背景及其现状,论述了特征的定义及分类。着重阐明通过Pro/E平台进行产品三维建模的方法及步骤。     

浅析农业机械滚动轴承的维护

阐述了农业机械滚动轴承的结构与分类,介绍了滚动轴承的拆装方法和润滑注意事项,提出了通过声音、工作温度、润滑剂的状态、拆卸检查4种方法来识别滚动轴承故障.     

几种纳米添加剂在环境友好润滑剂中的摩擦化学特性

采用机械化学修饰法研制了三种纳米润滑添加剂，二硫化钼(MoS2)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和氟化石墨(CxFy)，考察了这些纳米级润滑剂在环境友好润滑剂中的摩擦化学特性。结果发现：这些纳米添加剂在环境友好润滑剂中具有较好的抗磨性能和良好的减摩性能；减摩性能优于常用的极压抗磨剂，其机理是在摩擦副表面形成迁移膜，起“滚动微轴承”的作用。     

环保型润滑剂发展综述

综述了环保型润滑添加剂的定义、种类及应用，介绍了生物降解试验方法的定义、种类以及生态毒性试验方法，概述了环保型润滑添加剂的发展现状，指出国内开展相关研究工作的紧迫性。     

Boron in Tribology: From Borates to Ionic Liquids

Boron compounds are widely used in a range of tribological applications such as friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, and in many cases as environmentally friendly lubricants. The chemical nature and structure of boron compounds provide multifunctionality. They are used as (1) solid lubricants such as boric acid and hexagonal boron nitride, (2) liquid lubricants such as ionic liquids, (3) lubricant additives such as borate derivatives of various organic and inorganic compounds, and (4) coatings such as cubic boron nitride and different metal borides. Boron is also one of the most favorable elements for coatings and thin films in biotribological and biomedical applications. This review outlines the growing role of boron in lubrication over the past several decades, summarizes the main findings, and identifies future challenges related to boron chemistry.     

舷外机用环境友好润滑油及其生物毒性的研究

利用发光细菌作为受试生物对研制的舷外机用TC-W3环境友好润滑油生物毒性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明以三羟甲基丙烷酯(TMP)为主调制的基础油具有低生物毒性、高润滑性能等优点,而以传统矿物油为主的基础油生物毒性较高,大量添加不利于实现低生物毒性的环境友好指标。润滑油的生物毒性主要取决于其添加剂的生物毒性,而添加剂生物毒性差异很大,合理选用添加剂及其使用比例是研制环境友好润滑油的关键。通过对润滑油基础油和添加剂的筛选及配比试验,成功地研制出低生物毒性、可生物降解的TC-W3环境友好润滑油,经润滑性、生物降解性和生物毒性试验,各项指标均满足设计要求。     

Adsorption and surface chemistry in tribology

Adsorption on sliding surfaces and the chemical changes occurring within a few nanometers of the surface are key to the performance of lubricants and lubricant additives in the boundary lubrication regime. By means of the methods of modern surface science, these phenomena are beginning to be elucidated on a molecular level. This knowledge will be essential, both for the development of higher-performance lubricants, capable of high-temperature operation, as well as for the design of environmentally benign alternatives to the lubricant systems in current use.     

Influence of fatty acid additives on the tribological performance of sunflower oil

Vegetable oils are potential substitutes for petroleum‐based lubricants because they are environmentally friendly, renewable, less toxic and readily biodegradable. The addition of free fatty acids has been shown to increase the lubrication performance of vegetable oils at elevated temperatures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the length of the carbon chain in the fatty acid and its effectiveness as an additive for a range of elevated temperatures. Stearic, arachidic and behenic fatty acid additives were added to commercial sunflower oil. All fatty acid additives were shown to be effective in lowering the wear rate and coefficient of friction in ball‐on‐disc tribological tests. The overall carbon chain length was not observed to have a consistent influence on the effectiveness of the additive. All additives were less effective at temperatures above 100°C. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tribological Performance and Wear Mechanism of Compound Containing S,P, and B as EP/AW Additives in Copper Foil Oil

Research and development on the high biodegradability of additives is indispensable for environmentally friendly lubricants, which is one of the key factors to advance lubricant technology toward “greener” chemistry. The tribological performance of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene phosphate acid ester (EK), boron-containing amide (BT), dialkyl dithiophosphate ester (DDE), and a mixture of these (compound) as extreme pressure (EP)/antiwear (AW) additives in hydrogenated base oil (GH) were investigated using a four-ball testing machine. The elemental composition and chemical characteristics of the AW films generated on the surfaces of the steel balls were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their AW mechanisms are hereby proposed. Thermal degradation tests were conducted to identify their thermal stabilities using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that these additives can greatly improve the EP/AW properties of GH. XPS analyses of the worn surfaces indicate that decomposed borate esters and organic sulfide or nitrides were adsorbed on the worn surface, and the P and S elements of the compound reacted with the metal and existed in the form of phosphates and sulfates, both of which contributed to the formation of a boundary lubricating film. Moreover, these additives provide the lubricants with excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability.     

润滑油添加剂生物毒性的研究

采用发光细菌作为试验生物,对几种典型发动机润滑油添加剂的生物毒性进行了试验研究。该方法为油类污染的生物监测和水生生态毒理学研究提供了新的试验生物模型。试验结果表明，添加剂具有一定的生物毒性且差异很大,其使用范围和比例受到生物毒性指标的限制；润滑油的生物毒性主要取决于其添加剂的生物毒性。这对添加剂的合理使用具有指导意义,亦为研究低生物毒性、环境友好润滑油提供了基础数据.研究中发现，一般润滑油添加剂水融合一组分（WAF）溶液载荷率与其相对发光度呈指数递减关系，并给出了基本经验公式。     

Mixtures of vegetable oils and di‐2‐ethylhexyl‐sebacate as lubricants

Lubricants based on vegetable oils are growing in popularity in various applications. Environmentally friendly, vegetable oils and their derivatives constitute alternatives to mineral‐based lubricants. Soybean oil, sunflower oil and rapeseed oil have better viscosity indices than mineral oils and even some synthetic oils, are biodegradable and have low production costs. However, vegetable oils have disadvantages, such as poor thermo‐oxidative stability due to the carbon–carbon double bonds and poor low‐temperature properties, which limit their use as lubricant base stocks. This study describes new base‐stock oils obtained from mixture of vegetable oils and di‐2‐ethylhexyl‐sebacate synthetic oil, which become lubricants when additives are introduced. These mixtures offer a large range of kinematic viscosities, while their pour points are under −33°C and their flash points over 240°C. The copper strip corrosion test result is 1a. The diameters of wear scars measured under four‐ball testing (40dyn) are less than 1mm. A differential scanning calorimetry study and a thermo‐gravimetric study under a nitrogen atmosphere for the mixed oils are reported. In the former study two‐endothermic processes were observed between −15°C and −50°C. In the thermo‐gravimetric analysis curve the weight loss is specific for each vegetable and synthetic oil component. From these studies a higher thermal stability was observed for vegetable oils than for ester oils, and it was concluded that the mixtures of vegetable and synthetic oils of diester type are physically homogeneous mixtures. The low production cost of lubricants based on vegetable oils makes them attractive alternatives for mineral oil based lubricants. Overall the mixtures of vegetable and ester oils can be competitive base oils for environmentally friendly lubricants. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.