新型二极管芯片分拣机及分拣方法研究

给出了一种新型的二极管芯片分拣方案及其设备设计方案.从理论角度论证了其可行性.详细的论述了方案的运行过程.并通过理论推算给出了设备主要工艺参数的求取公式.经实验,此方案及给出的参数求取方法完全可行.     

智能仪表火灾报警仪数据编辑与菜单管理研究

文中介绍了智能仪表火灾报警仪良好的人机交互界面.阐述了智能仪表时间设置功能和时间显示功能.叙述了智能仪表系统初始化功能.对液晶显示器的显示地址排列进行了说明.对显示程序基本思路和屏幕显示方式进行了分析.研究了数据输入与编辑时光标闪烁功能,说明了程序设计方法.提出了菜单管理功能程序设计思路与实现方法.     

基于PDF的磁悬浮平台进给机构的悬浮控制研究

在分析电磁悬浮力的基础上,建立了磁浮进给系统的单铁悬浮数学模型.由于系统具有非线性和参数不确定性.对所建立的单铁悬浮数学模型在平衡点附近进行了线性化处理.获得系统的状态方程和传递函数.在此基础上.分析了系统的能控性和能观性.设计PDF'控制器,利用MATLAB对这种控制算法进行了仿真.从而为解决混合悬浮系统稳定性问题提供了一种理论依据.     

面向设计与制造的数字化工厂平台

分析了数字化工厂产生的背景及其内涵.基于数字化工厂协作平台的概念模型,构建了平台的体系结构.基于组件库的管理思想,设计了离散型制造企业模型资源库的开发流程.具体介绍了数字化工厂平台中各个模块的功能和实施流程.提出了数字化工厂平台建设中需解决的关键问题.     

无铅焊点检测光源的分析与优化设计

为了提高自动光学检查(AOI)系统的性能,对AOI光源进行了研究.介绍了AOI光源的结构设计方法.光源由红、绿、蓝3种不同颜色,不同照射角度的LED阵列组成.然后.建立了光源的照度模型以及焊点的反射模型.最后,根据简化的照度模型对光源的几何参数进行优化.仿真和实验结果表明,所设计的光源在检测无铅焊点时同样有效.并能使不同类焊点间的特征距离更大.最大为半球形光源照射下的11.88倍.从而提高了特征在无铅焊点缺陷检测的分辨能力.验证了光源设计的有效性.     

基于C51存储式压力计监控系统设计

文中应用C51设计了存储式压力计的监控程序.给出了串行通信的硬件连接图和工作原理,并编制了通信软件.基于C51用中断实现了下位机串行通信.用VB实现了上位机PC机的通信和管理.上位机监控程序包括打印、数据存储、趋势显示和报表处理.具有较好的人机界面.     

基于B/S结构的远程故障诊断系统

针对机械设备故障诊断的需要.提出了Java语言实现基于B/S结构的远程故障诊断系统的基本软件框架.并解决了如何把数据从服务器端传到客户端的问题。最后.针对多设备多通道的远程故障诊断.实现了软件系统.并给出了Applet通过Servlet访问数据库的具体方法。     

混流生产车间布局研究

总结了车间布局的一般原则.提出了矩阵运算方法判断混流生产线上各工序的关系,并判断工序冲突的存在.提出了处理工序冲突的方法.定义了混流生产线的工序时间,节拍以及工作地时间.结合流水线平衡方法,得出了使混流生产线平衡的方法.根据混流生产的特殊性,提出了混流生产车间布局的方法.     

征兆参数的逐次自动再生（重组）方法及模糊诊断隶属函数的认知方法（下）

试验状态及P.S.P.的特性依照图示2所示程序，S.S.P.已经可以得到了。表1给出了示于图2的符号定义。即     

分析规模超临界萃取装置限流器的改进设计

本文介绍了分析规模超临界萃取装置限流器的发展趋势,并详细介绍了一种新型限流器的设计.该限流器通过给阀体控温加热.彻底解决了超临界萃取中的冰堵问题.限流器采用两组阀结构,延长了限流器的使用寿命.     

Expression and localization of translationally controlled tumor protein in rat urinary organs

This study describes the very first assessment of the expression and localization of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in adult rat urinary organs. TCTP expression levels in kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) and Western blotting, and its cellular localization was examined immunohistochemically in paraffin sections of various urinary organs. TCTP was found in all urinary organs. Its expression was high in the urethra and low in the bladder. TCTP was localized in glomerular podocytes, epithelium of proximal and distal renal tubules, in the loop of Henle, and in the transitional epithelium of the bladder and urethra, mostly in basal cell layers). The subcellular localization of TCTP in these urinary organs was cytoplasmic. These findings suggest that TCTP may be involved in urine formation and excretion. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Study of the myenteric and submucous plexuses after BAC treatment in the intestine of rats.

A morphological and quantitative study in the ileal and colonic myenteric and submucous plexuses of rats after BAC denervation was performed. Four groups were employed: SI--ileum control; CBI--denervated ileum; SC--colon control; and CBC--denervated colon. We used the Myosin-V immunohistochemistry technique to study the myenteric and submucous plexuses. In the submucous plexus of the ileum and colon there was not a significant decrease in the number of neurons/mm2 and of ganglia/mm2. The denervation of the myenteric plexus in the group CBI was 44.7% and in the group CBC, 68.3%. In the myenteric plexus there was also a significant decrease in the number of ganglia/mm2 (13.8% in group CBI and 52.14% in group CBC) and in the number of neurons/ganglion (33.9% in group CBI and 39.6% in group CBC). The morphological analyses showed that there was an alteration in the shape of the ganglia of the ileal and colonic myenteric plexus. The area of the cell bodies had a significant increase both in the myenteric and the submucous plexus in groups CBI and CBC. These data demonstrate that the BAC treatment causes morphologic and quantitative changes in the myenteric plexus and quantitative changes in the cell body area of the submucous plexus.     

Role of nerve growth factor in the olfactory system

Olfactory neurons are unique in the mammalian nervous system because of their capacity to regenerate in adult animals. It has been shown that olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory epithelium are replaced on a continuous basis and in response to injury throughout the life span of most species. NGF, which is one of the neurotrophic factors, is present in many areas of the central and peripheral nervous system. It has been shown that NGF in the olfactory bulb plays a role in the survival of cholinergic neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB). Recent studies of NGF in the olfactory bulb suggest that it is involved in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of olfactory receptor cells. In this study, we review reports examining the relationship between NGF in the olfactory bulb and neuronal regeneration and development in the mammalian olfactory systems. Low- and high-affinity NGF receptor immunoreactivity is markedly expressed during regeneration and at different stages of development in the mouse olfactory system. This level of immunoreactivity is no longer present after completion of regeneration and at maturation. Other findings indicate that NGF injected into the olfactory bulb is transported retrogradely to the olfactory epithelium. It has also been shown that continuous anti-NGF antibody injection into the olfactory bulb causes degeneration and olfactory dysfunction. Administration of NGF directory into nasal cavity results in an increase in the expression of olfactory marker protein within the olfactory epithelium in axotomized rats. These findings suggested that the presence of NGF in the olfactory bulb plays an essential role in regeneration, maintenance, and development in the olfactory system of mammals.     

Differential expression of CD95, Bcl-2, and Bax in rat gastric chief and parietal cells

Apoptotic cell death is common in the inflamed gastric mucosa, but its role in the regulation of cell homeostasis in normal gastric mucosa is unknown. We investigated the expression of CD95, Bcl-2, and Bax and their roles in the regulation of apoptosis in normal rat gastric mucosa and in cultures of highly enriched rat chief and parietal cells by immunostaining, Western blotting, and FACS. In intact tissue CD95, Bcl-2, and Bax were localized predominantly in the glandular base region in chief cells. In freshly isolated cells, expression of CD95, Bcl-2, and Bax was much more pronounced in chief cells than in parietal cells. A lower intracellular Bcl-2/Bax ratio suggesting a higher susceptibility to apoptosis was noticed in chief rather than in parietal cells. In extended cultures of parietal and chief cells, Bax expression was upregulated and Bcl-2 expression was downregulated. These regulatory changes, presumably caused by in vitro effects, were not associated with an increase in spontaneous apoptosis. Treatment of chief and parietal cells with Fas-ligand induced apoptosis of all CD95 expressing cells. Expression of CD95, Bcl-2, and Bax predominantly in chief cells suggests that in this cell type regulation of apoptosis may differ from that in parietal cells. Binding of FasL with functionally active CD95 receptors on chief and parietal cells may be relevant for induction of apoptosis in inflamed gastric mucosa.     

Extracellular breakdown of collagen by mice decidual cells. A cytochemical and ultrastructural study.

The interaction of antimesometrial decidual cells and collagen fibrils was studied by light microscopy and ultrastructural cytochemistry in fed and acutely fasted mice on days 9-11 of pregnancy. Fibrillar elements in the extracellular space consisted of collagen fibrils and filamentous aggregates (disintegrating collagen fibrils). Intracellular vacuoles exhibited typical collagen immersed in electron-translucent material (clear vacuoles) and faint cross-banded collagen immersed in electron-opaque material (dark vacuoles). Fibrillar elements showed extracellular acid phosphatase activity which was stronger in the region of mature decidua than in predecidual cells region in all animals; it was conspicuous in mature decidua of fasted animals. Intracellular acid phosphatase activity was observed in dark vacuoles and lysosomes, and was absent in clear vacuoles in all cells studied. Since acid phosphatase activity reflects the presence of lysosomal hydrolases in general, the results indicate that breakdown of extracellular collagen occurs by release of lysosomal enzymes by decidual cells and also by internalization of collagen for intracellular degradation in fed and fasted mice. Collagen breakdown may be part of the process of tissue remodeling in mature and predecidual regions, however, in mature decidua, collagen breakdown is enhanced and may therefore contribute to nutrition of the fetus, specially in acutely fasted mice.     

Immunolocalization of S100-like protein in the brain of an emerging model organism: Nothobranchius furzeri

The S100 protein in nervous tissue appears to play important roles in regulating neuronal differentiation, glial proliferation, plasticity, development, axonal growth, and in neurogenetic processes. In fish, the adult neurogenic activity is much higher than in mammals. In this study, the localization of S100 protein was investigated in the brain of annual teleost fish, Nothobranchius furzeri, which is an emerging model organism for aging research. By immunohistochemical techniques, S100 immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in glial cells, small neurons, and fibers throughout all regions of central nervous system (CNS) with different pattern of distribution. In the telencephalon, S100 IR was seen in the olfactory bulbs and in different areas of the telencephalic hemispheres. In the diencephalon, S100 positivity was observed in the habenular nuclei of the epithalamus, in the cortical thalamic nucleus, in the dorsal, ventral and caudal portions, the latter with the posterior recessus nucleus, and in the diffuse inferior lobe of the hypothalamus, along the diencephalic ventricle and in the dorsal optic tract. In the mesencephalon, S100 IR was observed in the longitudinal tori, in the optic tectum, and along the mesencephalic ventricle. In the rhombencephalon, S100 IR was shown in valvula and body of the cerebellum, and in some nuclei of the medulla oblongata. The results suggest that S100 may play a key role in the maintenance of the CNS and in neurogenesis processes in the adulthood.     

Inhibition of H2O2-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes by calorie restriction during aging

Calorie restriction (CR) is known to delay the aging process in rodents and is postulated to act by decreasing free radical generation and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of CR and age on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and associated changes in the levels of TNF-alpha, and Bcl-2 in splenic T lymphocytes. Ad libitum (AL)- or CR-fed C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed either at 6 (young) or 18 (old) months and splenic lymphocytes were incubated with or without 25 micro M H2O2 to induce apoptosis. Apoptosis increased with age in cells of AL-fed mice incubated with H2O2. CR prevented this rise in apoptosis in total splenic lymphocytes and in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte subsets either with or without H2O2. Free radicals increased and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in aged mice. CR prevented these changes and also prevented the age-associated increase in TNF-alpha and loss of Bcl-2 in total splenic lymphocytes and in CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte subsets. In summary, lymphocytes in aged AL-fed mice were much more susceptible to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis whereas CR normalized apoptosis by preventing the increase in TNF-alpha and the decrease in Bcl-2 associated with aging.     

Effects of fixation on electrophysiology and structure of human jejunal villi

The villi of human jejunum vary in size and shape during different functional conditions. In the base the lamina propria is isotonic with blood, in the tip hyperosmotic. Here we study electrophysiological and morphological effects of incubation in hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic solutions, and to test various isotonic fixatives for microscopy. Samples of jejunal mucosae, obtained during surgery in obese patients, were studied in Ussing chambers where electrical parameters were registered during incubation in Krebs solution at various osmolarities, and during fixation in formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or osmium tetroxide (OsO₄). The same fixatives were used for other jejunal specimens that were fixed directly for light microscopy. Morphometry was carried out to determine size and height of villi, proportion of lamina propria, and surface enlargement due to villi. Ussing chamber incubation in fluids with low osmolarity resulted in increased electrical resistance and epithelial swelling. Opposite results were obtained at high osmolality. Fixation was faster in formaldehyde than in glutaraldehyde or OsO₄. In biopsies processed directly for light microscopy the proportions of lamina propria of the mucosa, and of lamina propria of villi, were significantly larger in biopsies fixed in formaldehyde than after fixation in glutaraldehyde or OsO₄. The villus tips sometimes ended with a bleb with prominent spaces between the epithelial cells. In summary, jejunal villi swell in vitro when exposed to hypotonic solutions, and shrink in hypertonic solutions. Much of the morphological changes occurring during fixation can be related to the physiological hyperosmolar milieu in villus tips.