溶解度参数理论在润滑剂基础油调合中的应用

利用溶解度参数理论对基础油之间的相容性展开研究。采用基团贡献法计算 PAO 油与酯类油（邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和癸二酸二辛酯（DOS））的溶解度参数,根据计算结果预测 PAO 油与酯类油的相容性,并通过相容性实验验证预测结果的正确性。研究表明：DOS 与 PAO 油的相容性较好;DBP 与 PAO 油的相容性较差,且随着 PAO 油聚合度的增加,基础油之间的相容性降低。这对润滑剂配方的筛选提供了理论依据。     

硅油与酯类油混合基础油黏温性能的研究

研究3种硅油与癸二酸二异辛酯混合基础油的黏温性能,发现在一定比例范围内硅油与酯类油的混合基础油,其低温运动黏度比硅油与酯类油的低温运动黏度都要小.因此,硅油与酯类油能够相互作为低温降黏剂使用.这对调制低温性能优异的润滑油具有指导作用.     

金属催化下两种航空润滑油基础油高温氧化衰变性能对比分析

通过金属筛选实验,选定Cu片作为航空润滑油高温氧化实验金属用材。在金属和抗氧剂存在下,模拟航空润滑油基础油PAO和己二酸二异辛酯(DIOA)的高温工作环境,分析反应后2种油样的外观、黏度和酸值变化,并利用傅立叶红外光谱技术(FTIR)分析油品性能衰变的原因。实验结果表明:随温度的升高,PAO和DIOA会发生氧化和裂解,不同程度地出现颜色加深、黏度降低、酸值增大等现象。FTIR分析可知,PAO油样高温衰变的过程中断链产生了大量饱和烃,DIOA油样水解产生酸、醛和醇等含氧化合物,2类油样均检测到O=C-H、C=O和O-H等官能团。高温下,PAO易发生断链,产生碳数更少的烃分子,导致260℃时黏度就出现急剧下降现象,而DIOA具有较好的热稳定性,其黏度骤降出现在300℃左右;酯类油DIOA氧化和裂解易产生羧酸,导致其酸值衰变程度远大于PAO。     

PAO油和硅油调和基础油的特殊黏度变化规律

通过测定不同黏度的聚α-烯烃(PAOs)、硅油及其不同调和比例混合基础油在-50~50℃时的运动黏度,研究调和基础油的黏度随调和组分和温度的变化规律。结果表明,调和基础油的实测黏度远小于按国际通用黏度模型计算得到的黏度值;黏度相差较大的PAO油与硅油调和时,调和基础油的高低温运动黏度均在两调和组分的黏度之间变化;而黏度接近的PAO油与硅油调和时,在一定成分范围内,调和基础油的低温运动黏度低于两调和组分的黏度,其低温流动性更加优异。特定的PAO油与硅油能够相互用作低温降黏剂进一步改善润滑油的低温性能。通过引入分子间相互作用对这一现象进行了解释。     

两种合成航空润滑基础油高温氧化衰变机理研究

为研究航空润滑油的热氧化安定性,模拟聚α-烯烃(PAO)和酯类油(DE)两种合成航空润滑基础油在发动机内的高温工况,借助傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用等仪器对反应油样的黏度和结构组成进行测试与分析.结果表明,PAO具有较差的热氧化安定性能,在200℃时就发生分解,而DE的分解温度可达到300℃.在两种航空润滑基础油的高温衰变中,均有不同的产物生成.PAO衰变产物主要包括烷烃和烯烃,而DE的衰变产物主要是含氧化合物.最后,根据实验结果分析了航空润滑基础油的高温衰变机理.     

两种合成航空润滑基础油高温氧化衰变机理研究（英文）

为研究航空润滑油的热氧化安定性,模拟聚α-烯烃(PAO)和酯类油(DE)两种合成航空润滑基础油在发动机内的高温工况,借助傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用等仪器对反应油样的黏度和结构组成进行测试与分析。结果表明,PAO具有较差的热氧化安定性能,在200℃时就发生分解,而DE的分解温度可达到300℃。在两种航空润滑基础油的高温衰变中,均有不同的产物生成。PAO衰变产物主要包括烷烃和烯烃,而DE的衰变产物主要是含氧化合物。最后,根据实验结果分析了航空润滑基础油的高温衰变机理。     

氧化石墨烯添加剂对基础油成膜特性的影响

为了探究氧化石墨烯(GO)添加剂在不同润滑状态下对基础油成膜特性的影响,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分别对GO的厚度、层数和表面官能团进行表征,选用聚α-烯烃(PAO10)和聚醚(PAG)为基础油,利用球-盘点接触光干涉油膜厚度测量试验台,研究GO添加剂在弹流润滑和混合润滑状态下对不同基础油润滑成膜性能的影响。结果表明：在全膜润滑状态下,GO对PAO10和PAG基础油的成膜能力影响很小,添加GO前后基础油的最小膜厚相差并不大;在混合润滑状态下,GO可有效地提高PAO10基础油的最小膜厚,减缓接触区内的乏油状况,而对PAG基础油成膜性能的影响很小。     

高温条件下发动机油配方组份对油品高温黏度及成焦倾向的影响

采用曲轴箱成焦性能试验仪对加氢基础油和聚ɑ烯烃(PAO)基础油、含有不同添加剂的基础油、发动机油进行试验,检测试样的成焦量、100℃运动黏度,分析添加剂及基础油在高温条件下的黏度变化和成焦倾向,并进行烘箱静置对比试验。试验结果表明:250N基础油、20W-50成品油、PAO8基础油3种油样中,250N的成焦量上升较快,纯基础油100℃运动黏度总体呈上升趋势,20W-50成品油100℃运动黏度先下降最低达15.8%然后上升;二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(T203)是含添加剂基础油中成焦主要来源,其次是黏度指数改进剂,其他添加剂影响较小;以PAO为基础油的试样较250 N基础油成焦量明显下降,合成磺酸钙清净剂对250N基础油清净效果较PAO更好;黏度指数改进剂、复合剂、聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺分散剂对油品100℃运动黏度变化影响较大,烘箱高温静置试验表明:乙丙共聚物黏指剂、酚型抗氧化剂使油品烘箱试验后100℃运动黏度下降。     

润滑油橡胶相容性的研究

润滑油与橡胶密封材料相容性差而导致的泄漏问题越来越得到大家的重视,越来越多的润滑油产品对橡胶相容性提出了要求.利用CEC-L-39-96方法研究常用基础油、黏度指数改进剂、清净剂、分散剂、抗氧剂等对润滑油相容性的影响.研究结果表明:基础油类型对橡胶相容性影响很大,酯类油使丙烯酸酯橡胶溶解,1203使硅橡胶变质;黏度指数改进剂对各种橡胶影响很小;部分单剂对橡胶相容性有正面作用.     

国内外PAO8锂基润滑脂的性能对比分析

开展国产聚α烯烃(PAO)基础油与国外PAO基础油理化性能的对比研究，发现国产PAO8基础油的黏度、黏度指数、倾点、低温动力黏度与国外PAO8基础油相当，模拟蒸馏数据接近，高温蒸发损失更小，旋转氧弹时间更长；国产PAO8润滑脂与国外PAO8润滑脂在低温性能、防腐性能和稠化能力方面相当，且具有相同的流变学性能和纤维结构；较之国外PAO8,国产PAO8应用在滚动轴承润滑脂中具有较好的轴承静音性能和高温抗氧化性，在滚动轴承磨损和轴承寿命方面具有优异表现。     

Seal Material and Base Fluid Compatibility: An Overview

This study compares the seal material compatibility of environmentally adapted base fluids with that of mineral and synthetic base fluids. The seal materials studied were nitrite rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber ( HNBR), and fluorine rubber (FKM) elastomers, which are common in lubricated applications. The base fluids studied were synthetic esters (monoester, polyol ester, complex ester, and diester), a natural ester (i.e., vegetable oil), different types of mineral base oils, polyalphaolefin, and a fluid of very high viscosity index. The base fluids have been studied without additives. The elastomeric properties measured include volume, hardness, tensile strength, and elongation. A small elastomer volume increase was observed for mineral base oils whereas a significant increase was noted for all synthetic esters when tested on NBR and HNBR. The mechanical properties of the elastomers deteriorated in all cases. The amount of deterioration (i.e., in the tensile strength and the elongation) was in general less than 30%.     

High-pressure behavior and tribological properties of wind turbine gear oil

Different types of synthetic polyalphaolefin (PAO) oils and a mineral oil are considered in this study. High-pressure viscosity test was done and pressure-viscosity coefficient was measured for all sample oils. Results showed the better performance of PAO oils than the mineral oil. Authors also tested some other tribological properties such as low-temperature behavior, bulk property, frictional coefficient, and wear behavior, which are important for wind turbine gear oil. Low-temperature behavior and frictional property of PAO oils exhibited the better results. Study also showed that the prediction of low-temperature fluidity is possible using the sound velocity in the oil. Finally, the presence of polymethakrylate (PMA) absorbent in PAO oil exposed comparatively better results among all PAO oils.     

Compatibility of DLC coatings with formulated oils

In the present study, the tribological performance and compatibility of hydrogenated amorphous carbon coating (a-C:H) and metal-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating (Me-C:H) with formulated oils under the boundary lubrication regime was investigated. The investigation employed ball-on-flat contact geometry in reciprocating sliding motion and six formulated oils (manual gearbox oil, automatic gearbox oil, hydraulic oil, compressor oil, and normal and high performance motor oil), with pure poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) oil used as a reference. In addition, DLC coatings behavior in diesel and gasoline fuel was evaluated.Compared with the uncoated steel surfaces a-C:H coatings give improved wear resistance in base PAO as well as in fully formulated oils and fuels. On the other hand, W-doped DLC coatings show the lowest steady-state friction under boundary lubrication, especially when using oils with high additive contents.     

Tribological Performance and Mechanism of Phosphate Ionic Liquids as Additives in Three Base Oils for Steel-on-aluminum Contact

Butylammonium dibutylphosphate and tetrabutylammonium dibutylphosphate ionic liquids (ILs) were evaluated as antiwear additives for steel-on-aluminum contact in three different base oils, a polyalphaolefin, an ester oil and an IL 1-methy-3-hexylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, respectively, with similar viscosity and different polarities. The friction experiments were carried out on an Optimal SRV-IV oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tester at room temperature. Results indicate phosphate ILs can effectively improve the tribological properties of the base oil, especially the antiwear property, as additives for steel/aluminum contacts. For the base oils PAO10 and PAO40 with different viscosities, the higher viscosity of PAO40 can be beneficial to reducing the friction coefficient. The worn surface morphologies and chemical compositions of wear scars were analyzed by a JSM-5600LV scanning electron microscope and PHI-5702 multifunctional X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The XPS analysis results illustrate that the phosphate IL additives in the base oils with different polarities exhibit the same tribological mechanism. A synergy exists between the adsorbed layers and boundary-lubricating films generated from the tribochemical reaction of IL and the substrate surface, which may reduce the friction coefficient and wear volume of the friction pairs.     

Industrial gear oil — a study of the interaction of antiwear and extreme-pressure additives

The load-carrying capacity of a base oil containing antiwear and extreme-pressure additives, sulphurized olefin (SO), dibutyl phosphite (DBP) and a thiophosphate-amine complex (SPN) was evaluated using a Timken Tester. The roughness and chemical composition of the rubbing surfaces were measured at different sliding times. A static oil immersion test of oil and steel block was carried out and the bonding strength of the protective film formed in the oil immersion test was investigated using a scratch tester. Results indicate that even with a very small amount of DBP blending with SO, a much higher Timken OK load could be obtained. The rubbing surface roughness of SO combined with DBP was much smoother than that of the SO or DBP oil alone. The scratch test of the block after immersion in the lubricant in static showed that with the combination of SO with DBP, a high-strength protective film on the steel block could be produced.     

Preparation of borate ester and evaluation of its tribological properties as an additive in different base oils

N‐containing borate ester (MEBE) with five‐member ring structure as a lubricant additive was synthesised. The tribological properties in liquid paraffin (LP), poly‐alpha‐olefin (PAO) and dioctyl sebacate (DOS) were evaluated, and the action mechanisms in different base oils were also explored. It was found that as‐synthesised borate ester possesses excellent antiwear performance in LP and PAO. XPS analysis suggests that the additive forms a protective film on the rubbing surfaces which is composed of BN, Fe₂O₃, polyoxyethylene ether and N‐containing organic compounds. The inorganic and organic protective films in the metal surface effectively improve the antiwear ability of the base stock. However, when the additive MEBE was introducted into DOS base oil which is prone to adsorbing to the metal surface because of the high polarity of DOS, it influences the compactness of the film formed by the DOS, resulting in weak antiwear property. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

花状与球状MoS2对PAO15润滑油摩擦学性能的影响

为改善低黏度PAO15润滑油的摩擦学性能,通过水热法制备球形与花状MoS_2颗粒,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的MoS_2颗粒进行表征。制备球形与花状MoS_2改性的PAO15油,利用四球摩擦试验机对比研究2种形貌MoS_2在不同用量条件下对PAO15油摩擦学性能的影响。采用光学显微镜、表面轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与能谱仪(EDS)对磨痕表面进行表征。结果表明:制备的球形与花状MoS_2晶型均较好地符合MoS_2的晶型,掺杂至PAO15油中均能够提升其摩擦学性能,使其摩擦因数降低;随着MoS_2颗粒添加量的增加,PAO15油摩擦学性能有所提升,在质量分数为1.0%时达到最优;花状MoS_2具有更大的比表面积,其对PAO15油抗磨损性能的提升优于球形MoS_2,形成的转移膜能够更好地起到隔离摩擦表面的作用。     

Super low friction of DLC applied to engine cam follower lubricated with ester-containing oil

This paper presents a material combination that reduces the friction coefficient markedly to a superlow friction regime (below 0.01) under boundary lubrication. A state approaching superlubricity was obtained by sliding hardened steel pins on a hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) film (ta-C) lubricated with a poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) oil containing 1 mass% of an ester additive. This ta-C/steel material combination showed a superlow friction coefficient of 0.006 at a sliding speed of 0.1 m/s. A hydrogencontaining DLC coating/steel combination also showed a lower friction coefficient in air than a steel/steel combination, 0.1 vs. 0.8, but no large reduction was observed when the sliding surfaces were lubricated with ordinary 5W-30 engine oil and the PAO oil containing an ester additive. The friction coefficient of the hydrogen containing DLC/steel combination lubricated with the PAO containing an ester additive was above 0.05. On the other hand, the superlow friction performance demonstrates that the rolling contact friction level of needle roller bearings can be obtained in sliding contact under a boundary lubrication condition. It is planned to apply this advanced DLC coating technology to valve lifters lubricated with a newly formulated engine oil in actual mass-produced gasoline engines. A larger friction reduction of more than 45% is expected to be obtained at an engine speed of 2000 rpm.     

采用加氢基础油的L-DRG10全封闭冷冻机油研制

为开发一种满足R600a制冷压缩机使用工况要求的低黏度全封闭冷冻机油,结合环烷基加氢基础油优良的低温性能和石蜡基加氢基础油优良的热稳定性、黏温性能,优选出合格的L-DRG10全封闭冷冻机油基础油组成;再通过添加抗氧剂、抗泡剂、抗磨剂等功能添加剂,研制出符合GB/T 16630-2012的适用于R600a全封闭压缩机的L-DRG10全封闭冷冻机油。评价结果表明,研制的L-DRG10全封闭冷冻机油具有良好的低温性和润滑性,与制冷剂共存时有良好的相溶性和热-化学稳定性。