电子温压补偿式涡轮流量计设计

传统的机械式涡轮流量计难以满足气体标况体积计量的要求,因此,为实现工业现场流量测量的准确性、科学性而设计了电子温压补偿式涡轮流量计。该流量计采用低功耗的控制器、高精度的A/D转换芯片实现流量、温度和压力信号的采集以及对工况流量的温压补偿,合理化的软件设计提高了流量测量的实时性和准确度。     

差压式流量传感器测量一般气体流量时的温度压力补偿方法

简要介绍使用差压式流量传感器进行一般气体流量测量时的温压补偿方法;指出了差压方式流量传感器测量一般气体的通用流量温压补偿公式,并写出了公式的推导过程;与线性流量传感器温压补偿方法进行对比,强调指出了采用差压式流量传感器时进行温压补偿的注意要点.对公用工程中的一般气体的流量计量工作有一定的指导作用.     

饱和气体流量测量的温压自动补偿

在工业气体中,有一部分是饱和气体,如焦炉煤气、高炉煤气。提高对这类气体的计量水平,是发展生产,加强能源管理的现实需要。迄今,对气体的流量测量主要是采用差压流量计。人们已经熟识,由于气体的密度是温度、压力的函数,所以,在流量测量中必须进行温压补偿以抵消由于密度的变化对流量测量的影响。对于饱和气体,其密度除了受温压影响外,还受湿度的影响。而饱和气体的绝对湿度是温度的单值函数。这就提供了可能,在进行温压补偿时,可同时考虑克服湿度的影响。输送饱和气体的管道,经常有冷凝水存在,然后通过水封排掉。当温度下降,绝对湿度减     

CAN总线型智能涡轮流量计

针对涡轮流量计的工作要求和CAN现场总线的应用状况,介绍了以STC89C52RD单片机为核心,采用涡轮流量计、压力和温度传感器及CAN总线控制器等构成的CAN总线型智能涡轮流量计的软硬件设计。这种CAN总线型智能涡轮流量计能通过温压补偿实现对气体流量的准确测量与现场显示,可方便地与CAN总线网络进行挂接,实现基于CAN总线的远程监测。     

关于旋进旋涡流量计检定方法的几点探讨

旋进旋涡流量计属于速度式流量计,根据其结构类型可分为不带流量积算仪的旋进旋涡流量计,带流量积算仪、无温压补偿的旋进旋涡流量计,带流量积算仪、带温压补偿的旋进旋涡流量计等三类。针对这三类旋进旋涡流量计有不同的检定方法,特别是对带流量积算仪、带温压补偿的高压旋进旋涡流量计,如果在常压流量标准装置上检定则需要分别对其瞬时工况流量及配套的流量积算仪、压力传感器、温度传感器进行检定,才能最终判定其计量性能。     

质量流量计的应用

本文对质量流量计在油品计量中的应用谈了几点体会：做好质量流量计的选型是关键；进行必要的温压补偿，压力补偿有在线压力补偿、固定压力补偿二种方法：正确的安装是保证质量流量计正常使用的关键：定时进行流量标定。     

密度偏差对气体流量测量的影响分析

介绍用标准节流式差压流量计测量气体流量的方法及原理,以及气体流量测量中温度、压力补偿的必要性和公式推导。列举在实际工作中气体流量测量的应用,将由于介质密度取值偏离及工况介质组分改变等最终影响流量测量准确性的情况进行分析比较。学会计算调整差压量程,复核验证补偿系数,熟悉工艺工况对从事自动化控制的仪表技术人员来说非常重要。     

基于HART协议的温压补偿型涡街流量计的设计

在传统涡街流量计的基础上，设计出符合HART协议的两线制一体化温压补偿型涡街流量计。介绍了传感器工作原理和温压补偿方法，给出系统的设计结构和硬件电路组成。着重阐述了HART协议在涡街流量计中的软硬件实现方法．并通过HART调制解调器实现了仪表与上位机之间的双向数字通讯。     

阻力式涡轮质量流量传感器的研究

概论 1.简介一般的涡轮流量计是测量体积流量的理想仪表,但它不能直接用来测量质量流量,必须和密度计结合在一起,或采用温度—压力补偿方法才能测量质量流量。如果温度或压力变化范围大、或随时间变化快、或者密度与温度、压力不能看成线性关系时,要自动补偿检测出的温     

背靠管式差压气体流量计

根据差压流量计的测量原理,设计了背靠管式差压气体流量计,采用背靠管式节流体结构使得迎风取压孔和背风取压孔处产生了较大的压力差,利用设计的单片机测量系统对压力信号进行采集、放大、滤波和模数转换处理后,实现了对较低气体流速的流量测量。通过试验证明:该流量计的测量下限低于0.5 m/s,测量误差小于1%。     

High GVF and low pressure gas–liquid two-phase flow measurement based on dual-cone flowmeter

Parameter measurement of gas–liquid two-phase flows with a high gas volume fraction (GVF) has received great attention in the research field of multiphase flow. The cone meter, as a new proposed differential pressure (DP) meter, is increasingly being applied in flowrate measurement of gas–liquid two-phase flow. A dual-parameter measurement method of gas–liquid two-phase flow based on a dual-cone meter is proposed. The two-phase flow is investigated in a horizontal pipeline with high GVF and low pressure, and exists in the form of annular flow. By adding a second cone meter, both gas mass fraction (GMF) and mass flowrate are measured. The pressure drop performances of five different sized cones have been discussed to make a cooperating cone selection and efficiently position the dual-cone in the pipe. Dual-cone flowmeter experiments of 0.45 and 0.65 equivalent diameter ratio combination, and 0.65 and 0.85 equivalent diameter ratio combination are respectively carried out to analyze the linearity of two-phase flow multiplier with Lockhart–Martinelli parameter and obtain the dual-parameter measurement results. The relative experiment error of GMF, gas mass flowrate and total mass flowrate are respectively within ±7%, ±5% and ±10%. The relative error of the liquid phase is within ±10% when the liquid mass fraction is beyond 40%. The experimental results show that it is efficient to utilize this dual-cone method for high GVF and low pressure gas–liquid two-phase flow measurement.     

A new approach to detection of vortices using ultrasound

The measurement principle of vortex flowmeter is based on von Karman vortex shedding phenomenon. Frequency of vortices, behind the bluff body, is proportional to the mean flow velocity. There are different ways of detection of vortices, and different sensors are used (presser sensors, capacitive sensors, thermo-resistance sensors, ultrasonic sensors, etc.). Proposed method to vortex identification, presented in this paper is based on simultaneous detection of pair of vortices with opposite circulation, by means of two pairs of ultrasonic transducers. A beam of ultrasound, from ultrasonic transmitter to ultrasonic receiver is transmitted perpendicularly to the vortex street. The received ultrasonic signal is amplitude and phase modulated. Frequency of demodulated signal is equal to the frequency of vortices. This technique allows a number of advantages comparing to conventional solutions: reduction, or elimination of noises caused by installation vibration and disturbances in the flow, higher sensor sensitivity, which as a result leads to a possibility of a reduction of the bluff body size, i.e. reduction of the pressure drop on the flow meter, increase of the measurement range in the low flow region, the possibility of redundant operation of the flow meter, reduced measurement uncertainty, instrument technology improvements, improved reliability of the instrument, assured improved statement of complete uncertainty contributions, improved metrology of the equipment as such and calibration procedures that contribute to measuring capabilities etc. For experimental testing a prototype vortex flowmeter of a nominal inner diameter (ID) 50 mm is developed. A cylindrical bluff body for vortex shedding is used. Ultrasonic transducers based on piezo-crystal PZT-5A, inserted in the wall of the vortex meter casing are utilized. The testing of prototype ultrasonic vortex flowmeter is realized on the calibration station on the water. The results at the testing point to the possibility of measuring flow of liquid fluids at velocities less than 0.5 m/s, with an uncertainty better than ±1%.     

A method based on a novel flow pattern model for the flow adaptability study of ultrasonic flowmeter

Ultrasonic flowmeters are widely used in industry for accurate measurement. Flow adaptabilities of meters in non-ideal flow fields are usually concerned about by researchers. This paper presents a theoretical analysis method to study the measurement performance of ultrasonic flowmeter. For the specific water flow in single elbow pipe, a novel three-dimensional flow pattern model is invented by the trust region Newton algorithm based on computational fluid dynamics simulation results. In order to verify the correctness of the model, a typical ultrasonic flowmeter with single diametric acoustic path is mainly analyzed. By comparing flow adaptabilities of the meter downstream of the single elbow with both the novel theoretic model analysis approach and simulation method, good agreement is achieved. It is indicated that both the three-dimensional model and its invention method are valid for this study, which is not only helpful to get knowledge of characteristics of disturbed flows, but also provides a practical method to study the flow adaptability of ultrasonic flowmeter in non-ideal flow fields.     

Particle image velocimetry flowmeter for natural gas applications

Ultrasonic flowmeters are currently used in the measurement of large natural gas flow. However, their high sensitivity to noise signals can cause measurement errors and direct economic losses. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement technology has several advantages, including convenient installation and maintenance, and strong anti-interference ability, thereby presenting an innovative idea for its application in the field of flow measurement. In this paper, a cyclic integration method is proposed for the application of PIV technology in flow measurement of natural gas. The results show that PIV flowmeter and ultrasonic flowmeter are basically consistent, and the maximum deviation is about 2%. confirming the feasibility of the PIV flowmeter. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical and technical reference for the development of a PIV flowmeter for natural gas.     

差压式湿气两相流量计的校准

伴随着工业技术的不断发展,湿气流量的测量日益增多,湿气流量计的校准工作日益迫切,亟待解决。本文介绍了在湿气流量计量领域中广泛应用的差压式湿气两相流流量计的原理,并在天津大学电气与自动化工程学院的中压闭环湿气标定装置中对其进行了校准,对该流量计的气相和液相的不确定度进行了评定,为今后开展相关流量计的校准工作提供了参考和数据支持。     

超声波气体流量计检测精度影响因素分析

在天然气的管道运输过程中,提高气体流量测量的精度是提高运输效率、避免安全事故发生的关键技术。利用流体力学仿真（CFD）方法建立组合双弯管及变径管道模型,定量计算修正系数,对双声道超声波流量计结构和安装位置对于管道内气体速度场的影响进行研究。通过仿真得出超声波流量计的最优声道位置,并结合实验验证了仿真结果的可信性。模拟结果表明,双弯管和变径管与超声波流量计的安装位置至少为10D才能保证流体充分流动;通过修正系数随雷诺数的变化情况得出双声道超声波流量计的最优声道位置为距管道截面中心0.25D处。研究结论对于不同性质气体的流量检测同样适用,为工业中气体运输检测精度的提高以及超声波流量计的优化提供了依据。     

恒电压式热式质量流量计的研究

本文介绍了热式质量流量计的测量原理及恒流式、恒温差式两种测量方法。根据热式流量计的测试原理。提出了用于小流量测量的恒电压式热式质量流量计的设计方案并进行了实验验证。实验表明在严格控制电压的条件下，流量计具有良好的性能。     

A V-Cone meter measurement correlation in low pressure wet gas based on Chisholm model

To gain a deeper understanding of the performance of V-Cone meter in low pressure wet gas measurement, the over-reading of the V-Cone meter was experimentally investigated in the present study. The equivalent diameter ratio of the V-Cone meter is 0.55. The experimental fluids were air and tap water. The operating pressure and the gas volume fraction ranged from 0.1 MPa to 0.4 MPa and 97.52%–100%, respectively. The results showed that the existing V-Cone wet gas correlation, which was developed for the medium and high pressure wet gas cannot be well extended to the low pressure conditions. The Chisholm exponent monotonically decreased with the ratio of liquid-to-gas mass flow rate increasing, and was almost not affected by the gas to liquid density ratio and the gas densiometric Froude number in the present test ranges. A measurement correlation dedicated for the low pressure wet gas was developed. In the present cases, the relative deviation of the gas mass flow rate predicted by the new correlation was within ±4.0% and ±3.0% under the 95% and 90% confidence level, respectively; the average relative deviation was 0.046%. Our results provide insights into the measurement performance of V-Cone meter in low pressure wet gas and may help to develop a more comprehensive wet gas correlation.     

上游弯管对超声波流量计精度影响及整流设计

针对上游弯管流场变化对超声波流量计测量精度的影响,利用CFD对测量管道内部流场进行数值仿真模拟,并设计整流器改善由弯管导致的明显的二次流和涡流等情况,以减小超声波流量计测量误差。研究对象为基于时差法的DN15超声波液体流量计,流量范围在0.1～1.5 m~3/h内,上游弯管与流量计之间测试直管段距离为2～20D。对比超声波流量计加装整流器前后测量误差,通过实验结果验证,未整流时流量计随着直管段越短测量误差越大,安装的整流器可以改善管道内流场的速度分布,将直管段长度缩短为10D,提升超声波流量计测量误差满足在±1.5%以内,验证了数值模拟的正确性,对工程实际应用具有一定指导意义。     

超声波气体流量计的管道模型仿真和误差分析

为满足不断发展的超声波气体流量计测量精度的需要,改进传感器的设计精度和有效降低安装测试及样机调试成本,针对制约超声波气体流量计测量精度主要误差源之一的管道流场分析问题,结合计算机建模数值仿真技术及实验技术对其流场设计参数以及弯管安装条件等对超声波测量误差产生原因进行定量分析.理论研究和仿真实验结果表明,可以量化分析气体超声波流量计流场误差产生的原因、范围,并通过限定流场修止系数更有效地降低其测量误差,这项研究对该超声波气体流量计的优化设计和工程应用具有一定的指导意义.