TiAlSiN涂层刀具的发展与应用

为满足更加复杂的工业应用需求,在现有刀具涂层中添加其他元素来改善涂层的力学性能,成为目前刀具涂层领域研究的热点。用多弧离子镀和磁控溅射等PVD方法,在TiAlN基中加入Si元素制备的TiAlSiN刀具涂层具有特殊的纳米结构,表现出了更加优异的力学性能、热稳定性和抗氧化性,适合于高速和干式切削,引起了极大的关注,具有广泛的应用前景。本文对TiAlSiN刀具涂层的组织结构、性能特点和制备方法,以及TiAlSiN涂层刀具的应用做了系统的介绍。     

TiAlSiN硬质涂层的制备方法及研究现状

简述了TiAlSiN硬质涂层的制备方法,并对比了其优劣性。总结了国内外TiAlSiN硬质涂层的研究现状及进展,分析了TiAlSiN硬质涂层特点,论述了涂层技术未来的方向。     

基于切削力的PVD涂层刀具性能研究

本文在干式切削条件下,选用钴基硬质合金无涂层数控刀具和钴基硬质合金基体TiAlSiN与TiAlN/Ta涂层数控刀具,分别切削淬火态45钢(52HRC);车削时,采用SW-1车刀空间受力分析仪测量刀具在车削状态下的三向力;结合对被加工件的表面粗糙度测定,探讨TiAlSiN、TiAlN/Ta涂层刀具在相同条件下的三向力、摩擦力和摩擦系数与无涂层钴基硬质合金刀具的差异。结果表明,在车削高硬度材料时,涂层及其成分对车刀三向力和摩擦系数均有较大影响,TiAlN体系中加入稀土元素Ta形成的TiAlN/Ta多层涂层刀具的三向力、摩擦系数明显小于TiAlSiN涂层刀具,而且被加工件的表面粗糙度更小。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆镍-铬-硅复合涂层的显微组织和摩擦学性能

在Ti-5621s合金表面采用激光熔覆制备了镍-铬-硅复合涂层,分析了涂层的显微组织,测试了涂层的硬度和摩擦学性能.结果表明:复合涂层中以Ti5Si3和Cr3Si为主的颗粒增强相弥散分布在β-Ti和γ-Ni两相固溶体中;涂层的硬度较基体有显著的提高;由于金属硅化物Ti5Si3和Cr3Si的高硬度、强原子间结合力,该复合涂层明显地改善了基体合金的摩擦和磨损性能.     

多弧离子镀制备纳米多层TiAlSiN涂层的性能研究

采用多靶阴极电弧离子镀系统在硬质合金基体上沉积纳米多层结构的Ti Al Si N硬质涂层,该结构是通过Ti Al N涂层与Ti Si N涂层的交替叠加而制备的。实验同时制备了Ti Al N涂层、Ti Al Si N单层涂层与纳米多层涂层进行性能对比分析,用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS对涂层结构形貌及成分进行了分析,用划痕法和纳米压痕法分别对涂层的结合力与纳米硬度进行了测试,同时也测试了涂层在不锈钢车削上的性能表现。结果表明,Ti Al Si N纳米多层涂层硬度高达33 GPa,同时在不锈钢车削上以Ti Al Si N纳米多层涂层性能最优,而Ti Al Si N单层涂层性能最差。     

直流等离子体喷射法制备氮化碳涂层的研究

氮化碳因预言具有超金刚石硬度、高热稳定性及优异的摩擦磨损性能,在刀具涂层的应用领域具有巨大的潜力,引起了世界上科研工作者的广泛关注。本文以CF4+N2+H2+Ar为反应气体,通过直流等离子体喷射法(DC Plasma Jet CVD),在Si[100]基底上以金刚石薄膜为过渡层,成功制备了氮化碳涂层。利用扫描隧道显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等现代理化测试手段,对所制备涂层的表面形貌、成分结构进行了表征和分析。研究结果表明:所制备的涂层中金刚石过渡层表面生长了线度约300-600nm的C3N4晶粒,为亚微米级别,晶形较为清晰,呈现不规整的柱状,样品中主要含有α-C3N4与β-C3N4,涂层中N的含量为9.8%。     

硬质合金表面SiC/DLC涂层组织和性能研究

DLC涂层可有效降低硬质合金刀具切削过程中的摩擦系数和切削力,使用等离子增强化学气相沉积的方法在硬质合金(YG8)基体和Si(100)表面沉积Si C/DLC涂层,其中,C_2H_2和H_2流量比分别为3∶0、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2和1∶3。测试了Si(100)表面Si C/DLC涂层的厚度、生长形貌、sp~3键的含量,并对硬质合金表面Si C/DLC涂层的硬度、膜基结合力和摩擦系数进行了全面分析。结果表明,Si C/DLC涂层均为非晶态形貌,随着H_2流量的增加,涂层厚度不断下降;当C_2H_2/H_2=1∶1时,涂层的sp~3键的比例最大,并达到41.0%,且具有较低的摩擦系数;涂层的硬度和弹性模量随着H2流量的增加而降低;C_2H_2/H_2=1∶3时,涂层表现出最佳的膜基结合力。     

含Si涂层刀具铣削复合铝2024的性能研究

选用含Si涂层、TiAlN涂层和未涂层的整体硬质合金四刃平底立铣刀,在相同的切削参数下进行复合铝2024的铣削加工试验。试验结果表明:含Si涂层铣刀具有良好的耐磨性,在切削过程中刀刃磨损均匀缓慢,刀具使用寿命长,加工表面光洁度好,是铣削复合铝2024的理想刀具。     

表面处理对TiAlSiN涂层刀具表面完整性及切削性能的影响研究

涂层刀具在高速干切削钛合金时容易出现刀具磨损严重、刀具寿命短等问题,对涂层刀具进行表面处理能改善涂层刀具的表面完整性,是提高涂层刀具耐磨性和切削寿命的有效途径。选取TiAlSiN涂层刀具,分别进行深冷处理、微喷砂处理和深冷+微喷砂处理,研究不同处理方法对涂层刀具表面完整性(包括表面形貌、表面粗糙度、显微硬度和表面残余应力等)的影响,并进行钛合金高速干切削试验,分析不同处理方法对涂层刀具切削性能的影响,探究提高涂层刀具耐磨性和切削寿命的方法。结果表明：与单一深冷处理和微喷砂处理相比,深冷+微喷砂处理后涂层刀具表面完整性明显改善,刀具寿命显著提高。深冷+微喷砂处理能减少刀具崩刃、月牙洼磨损和磨粒磨损,有效提高涂层刀具耐磨性。     

PVD涂层硬质合金刀具加工2Cr13性能对比试验研究

在相同材质刀片基体上分别涂覆不同种类的PVD涂层制成试验刀片。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜SEM及能谱仪EDS等对刀片涂层进行对比分析,用试验刀片分别对2Cr13不锈钢进行高速干式铣削试验,分析各涂层对刀片磨损形貌及其损坏机理的影响,对比各刀片的切削寿命,以优选出最佳涂层。分析结果表明,未涂层的刀片寿命最低,Ti Si N/Ti Al N涂层为最佳涂层,Ti Al Si N涂层刀片高温性能较好,双层结构Al Ti N涂层较Ti Al Cr N涂层和单层Al Ti N涂层表现出更好的耐磨性和高温性能。     

High-Speed Machining of Malleable Cast Iron by Various Cutting Tools Coated by Physical Vapor Deposition

The coating material of a tool directly affects the efficiency and cost of machining malleable cast iron.However,the machining adaptability of various coating materials to malleable cast iron has been insufficiently researched.In this paper,turning tests were conducted on cemented carbide tools with different coatings(a thick TiN/TiAlN coating,a thin TiN/TiAlN coating,and a nanocomposite(nc)TiAlSiN coating).All coatings were applied by physical vapor deposi-tion.In a comparative study of chip morphology,cutting force,cutting temperature,specific cutting energy,tool wear,and surface roughness,this study analyzed the cutting characteristics of the tools coated with various materials,and established the relationship between the cutting parameters and machining objectives.The results showed that in malleable cast iron machining,the coating material significantly affects the cutting performance of the tool.Among the three tools,the nc-TiAlSiN-coated carbide tool achieved the minimum cutting force,the lowest cutting tempera-ture,least tool wear,longest tool life,and best surface quality.Moreover,in comparisons between cemented-carbide and compacted-graphite cast iron machined under the same conditions,the wear mechanism of the coated tools was found to depend on the cast iron being machined.Therefore,the performance requirements of a tool depend on multiple factors,and selecting an appropriately coated tool for a particular cast iron material is essential.     

Wear behavior and cutting performance of nanostructured hard coatings on cemented carbide cutting tools in hard milling

The influence of nanolayer AlTiN/TiN and multilayer nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN hard coatings on the wear behavior and cutting performance of carbide cutting tools was investigated in face milling of hardened AISI O2 cold work tool steel (∼58 HRC) at dry conditions. Characterization of the coatings was performed using nanoindentation, scratch test, reciprocating multi-pass wear test. The chips forming during cutting process were also analyzed. Results showed that abrasive and oxidation wear are dominant tool failures. The nanolayer AlTiN/TiN coating gives the best adhesion to the substrate, the best wear resistance in machining and thus provides the longest lifetime with carbide inserts.     

钛合金铣削加工的PVD涂层适应性研究

利用电弧法沉积制备Al Cr N、Al Cr Si N、Al Cr N/Ti Al N、Al Cr N/Ti Si N四种用于钛合金切削加工涂层,研究了涂层的基本特性及切削使用效果。结果表明,Al Cr N涂层呈柱状生长,通过添加Si等元素或采用多层交替沉积有利于形成细化晶粒组织,提升涂层纳米硬度。切削试验表明,在低速铣削钛合金TC4时,Al Cr N/Ti Al N复合涂层表现最好。在较高速铣削时,四种涂层的刀具表现性能接近。     

Investigation of the performance of carbide cutting tools with hard coatings in hard milling based on the response surface methodology

Machining of hard materials has become a great challenge for several decades. One of the problems in this machining process is early tool wear, and this affects the machinability of hard materials. In order to increase machinability, cutting tools are widely coated with nanostructured physical vapor deposition hard coatings. The main characteristics of such advanced hard coatings are high microhardness and toughness as well as good adhesion to the substrate. In this paper, the influence of hard coatings (nanolayer AlTiN/TiN, multilayer nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN, and commercially available TiN/TiAlN) and cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) on cutting forces and surface roughness were investigated during face milling of AISI O2 cold work tool steel (～61 HRC). The experiments were conducted based on 3¹³ factorial design by response surface methodology, and response surface equations of cutting forces and surface roughness were obtained. In addition, the cutting forces obtained with the coated and uncoated tools were compared. The results showed that the interaction of coating type and depth of cut affects surface roughness. The hard coating type has no significant effect on cutting forces, while the cutting force F _z is approximately two times higher in the case of uncoated tool.     

TiAlN纳米复合涂层的技术进展

综合介绍了国内外TiAlN涂层技术的发展现状和TiAlN涂层的性能特点、PCD制备工艺以及今后的发展趋势和研究方向;重点评述了高Al含量TiAlN超硬涂层、异质多层膜纳米复合TiAlN涂层和多元合金增强涂层技术的最新进展;指出了TiAlN涂层刀具在精密模具和汽车零部件加工中的重要作用。     

Anti-oxidant mechanism of TiAlN/SiN decorative films on borosilicate glass by magnetron sputtering

The black TiAlN decorative film was prepared on the borosilicate glass by the magnetron sputtering in equipment with multiple vacuum chambers. The transparent SiN protective layer was deposited on the surface of the TiAlN film to keep the black color invariant at the high temperature. The structure of the TiAlN/SiN film was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The coating adhesion was measured by scratch tester. The TiAlN film has a columnar crystal structure with a thickness of 200 nm, and the top SiN layer is amorphous with a thickness of 100 nm. The coated borosilicate glass with the TiAlN/SiN films still retains the black color after oxidation at 600 °C in atmosphere. While the oxidation temperature elevates to 700 °C, the color of the TiAlN/SiN films begins to change. The top SiN layer plays a role as the barrier against oxygen diffusion into the inner TiAlN layer. The thin self-formed aluminum oxide layer was generated on the surface of the SiN layer and it contributes to the improvement of anti-oxidant property of the inner TiAlN layer. However, the thick self-formed aluminum oxide layer leads to the color change of the black TiAlN film. The thermal oxidation benefits the improvement of the adhesion for the TiAlN/SiN films with glass substrate.     

Effects of wear speeds on friction-wear behaviours of cathode arc ion plated TiAlSiN coatings at high temperatures

A TiAlSiN coating was deposited on AISI H13 hot work mould steel using a cathodic arc ion plating (CAIP). The microstructures, chemical composition and phases of the obtained coatings were analysed using a field emission scanning electronic microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer, respectively. The high temperature friction-wear properties of TiAlSiN coating at the different wear speeds were investigated, and the wear mechanism was also discussed. The results show that the N of the TiAlSiN coating is not completely released at 800 °C, the diffraction peak of TiN still exists in this coating. In addition, the products of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ play a role of self-lubricating and wear resistance. The average coefficient of friction (COF) of the coatings at the wear speeds of 400, 600, and 800 r/min is 0.15, 0.22, and 0.17, respectively. The wear mechanism of TiAlSiN coating at 800 °C is primarily adhesive wear, accompanied by oxidation wear and abrasive wear.     

TiAlN涂层刀具的发展与应用

TiAlN涂层作为一种新型涂层材料,具有硬度高、氧化温度高、热硬性好、附着力强、摩擦系数小、导热率低等优良特性,有望部分或完全替代TiN,尤其适用于高速切削。文中对国内外TiAlN涂层刀具的发展与应用状况进行了综合评述,并着重分析了TiAlN涂层工艺及其切削性能。     

离子镀TiAlN工具涂层的微结构与切削性能

研究并比较了TiAlN和TiN涂层的成分、微结构、力学性能与抗氧化性及涂层铣刀的高速切削性能和涂层钻头的切削性能。结果表明,TiAlN和TiN涂层同为单相的NaCl型结构,并都呈现择优取向的柱状晶,TiAlN涂层的硬度远高于TiN涂层的硬度,TiAlN涂层的抗氧化温度明显高于TiN涂层的抗氧化温度。在高速铣削条件下,TiAlN涂层铣刀的后刀面磨损速率仅为TiN涂层铣刀的约四分之一。在钻孔数相同时TiAlN涂层钻头的磨损量也显著低于TiN涂层钻头。TiAlN涂层刀具的使用寿命显著高于TiN涂层刀具。     

TiAlN涂层及微观组织结构研究

通过改变工艺参数,采用非平衡磁控溅射法在硬质合金基体上制备Ti Al N涂层来研究涂层微观结构的变化规律。经表面和断口形貌的扫描电镜结果显示,增加主因素偏压,涂层表面趋向光滑平整,结构趋向致密,表面的大颗粒数量明显减少。EDS能谱分析表明,涂层元素的含量受偏压和N2流量影响较大。XRD分析发现,膜层中有Ti Al N系和Ti N系的物相结构,Ti N/Ti Al N多层涂层主要从(111)晶面择优取向生长。