机械密封端面接触状态测控技术

介绍了目前常用来描述端面接触情况的状态参量，探讨了端面间隙、温度及声波常用的测量方方法，重点分析了主动式超声波检测方法，并对机械密封端面接触状态测控技术的研究状况进行了总结。     

基于Elman神经网络与PSO算法的机械密封端面摩擦状态识别

声发射法可用于监测机械密封工作过程中端面的摩擦状态。为准确提取机械密封端面声发射信号特征,提出了一种利用PSO算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,粒子群优化)对Elman神经网络进行优化的方法。采用该方法对机械密封端面的摩擦状态进行识别,并比较了优化前后神经网络对机械密封端面摩擦状态的识别率。结果表明:经过PSO算法优化后的Elman神经网络对机械密封的端面摩擦状态有更高的识别率,从而实现了对机械密封端面摩擦状态实时有效的监测。     

机械密封端面液膜厚度状态检测技术研究

利用电涡流技术和声发射技术对静压型机械密封的端面膜厚分别进行直接和间接测量,研究机械密封在不同转速和压力下的膜厚变化规律,并通过先进信号分析和人工智能,研究密封在不同膜厚区间的声发射特征,建立基于人工神经网络的机械密封端面的状态识别模型,以实现对密封流体膜厚的区间估计。研究结果表明:机械密封工作时压力主要影响膜厚的变化区间,而转速主要影响膜厚的瞬时波动;构造的基于BP神经网络的联级决策模型,对于密封膜厚的平均识别率达到了85%,从而实现了机械密封端面膜厚从有损检测到无损检测的转变。     

机械密封端面的动压效应研究

通过机械密封端面运动状况实验 ,讨论了机械密封端面倾斜而产生的动压效应对端面稳定的影响 ,提出动压作用下机械密封端面开启失效机理 ,分析了机械密封端面开启失效与动环密封圈摩擦力等各种因素的必然关系     

镶装式机械密封端面变形加速方法的数值研究

针对镶装式机械密封长期贮存过程中存在的端面变形的问题,建立了ANSYS有限元模型,对镶装式机械密封的偏心缺陷进行了研究,对温度循环加速方法加速镶装式机械密封端面变形的效果进行了探究。采用Bailey-Norton蠕变方程,分别对正常和存在偏心缺陷的镶装式机械密封进行了数值分析,得到了自然贮存条件下镶装式机械密封端面变形与偏心缺陷的关系;在蠕变方程基础上,模拟温度循环加速过程,得到了镶装式机械密封端面变形与温度循环区间的关系。研究结果表明:存在偏心缺陷的镶装式机械密封端面马鞍型变形比正常的明显,峰谷差值大于正常镶装式机械密封;温度循环加速过程中,镶装式机械密封端面变形有所增加,且比自然贮存条件下的变形要大,说明温度循环加速方法加速效果明显。     

粒子滤波在机械密封端面接触状态声发射监测中的应用

机械密封端面运行过程中所产生的声发射信号在传递过程中容易受到环境噪声的干扰,难以有效地从背景噪声中分离出来。研究粒子滤波技术在机械密封端面膜厚及开启状态声发射监测中的应用。将声发射传感器安装在机械密封静环座上,对动静环端面开启状态进行外部间接检测;运用粒子滤波技术处理采集的声发射信号,提取信号时域、频域及小波包能量特征;建立BP神经网络模型,对机械密封端面开启状态及膜厚进行识别。结果表明：粒子滤波技术能够有效地将密封端面产生的信号从背景噪声中分离出来;通过BP神经网络对提取的特征值进行模式识别,实现了密封端面膜厚变化范围的间接测量。该方法分析结果与电涡流传感器直接测量所得到的结果完全一致。     

基于分形理论的接触式机械密封端面摩擦热模拟计算

通过模拟计算,分析工作参数和端面形貌分形参数对接触式机械密封端面摩擦热的影响。基于机械密封端面接触分形模型,考虑密封端面摩擦热、摩擦系数、端面温度之间相互影响的关系,提出了密封端面摩擦热的耦合计算方法。对内流式部分平衡型机械密封端面摩擦热的影响因素进行了计算分析。结果表明,随着弹簧比压或密封流体压力的增大,密封端面摩擦热线性增大;随着转速的增大,密封端面摩擦热近似线性增大,且密封端面越光滑,摩擦热的增量越大;随着端面分形维数的增大或特征尺度系数的减小,密封端面摩擦热非性线增大,且随着密封端面趋于光滑,摩擦热的增幅变大。     

机械密封端面摩擦机制与摩擦状态

机械密封端面摩擦状态是决定机械密封工作寿命和密封性能好坏的关键因素.从微观角度探讨了机械密封端面摩擦机制,分析了机械密封端面分别处于干摩擦、边界摩擦、流体摩擦和混合摩擦状态时的工作特性,介绍了机械密封端面摩擦状态的判断方法,分析了端面摩擦状态对机械密封性能的影响.对于普通机械密封,端面的最佳摩擦状态应该是混合摩擦状态,如密封性能要求较高,则应该是边界摩擦状态.     

基于流固耦合的接触式机械密封端面泄漏率的研究

由于没有考虑密封环端面变形的影响,采用经验公式计算接触式机械密封端面的泄漏率存在较大的误差。本文考虑了密封端面泄漏率受密封环端面变形的影响,采用ANSYS和MATLAB软件对密封端面泄漏率进行流固耦合数值求解。研究了密封介质压力pi、密封端面压差Δp、弹簧比压psp和密封端面综合粗糙度σ对接触式机械密封泄漏率Q的影响。通过试验,验证了不同密封介质压力下,密封端面泄漏率数值解的正确性。结果表明,考虑密封环端面变形的数值解比经验公式解更接近测量值。密封端面泄漏率随密封端面综合粗糙度和密封端面压差的增大而加速增大,随介质压力的增大而增大,随弹簧比压的增大而减速增大。本文通过对密封端面泄漏率数值求解,分析泄漏率的影响因素,以期为完善接触式机械密封失效机理起到一定的指导意义。     

釜用机械密封端面比压设计分析

作用在密封环带单位面积上净剩的闭合力端面比压Pc是影响机械密封性能的主要因素之一。文中对釜机械密封端面液膜反压系数λ和载荷系数K均做了计算求导,特别对双端面机械密封反压系数和载荷系数进行了分析,通过较为详尽的论证,得出釜用机械密封端面比压的设计计算方案。     

气液两相对机械密封润滑膜超声检测精度的影响

机械密封动环和静环之间形成的润滑膜厚度是其稳定运行的一个重要评价指标,为实现润滑膜厚度的非接触检测,根据机械密封润滑膜的特点,构建了接触式机械密封润滑膜的超声检测模型,并推导了润滑膜厚度的计算公式.指出机械密封在运行过程中会产生两相流,准确测量机械密封润滑膜的厚度,必须考虑密封介质的两相问题.引入中间变量混合因子,通过...     

液压缸往复密封圈表面接触应力监测研究

在液压缸中，往复动密封圈表面接触应力是决定其密封有效性的关键，但由于在工作过程中对往复密封表面接触状态进行监测的难度很大，因此对其变化规律仍缺乏深入了解。针对这一问题，以液压缸活塞杆Y形密封圈为对象，通过有限元仿真分析密封圈内唇磨损对密封圈表面接触应力的影响，确定密封圈表面接触应力的最佳监测部位；采用光纤光栅传感器(FBG)进行密封槽表面接触应力监测试验，通过铺设于密封槽的FBG传感器采集应力数据，得出密封圈周向和轴向接触应力均随内唇磨损增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势，与仿真结果一致；接触应力对密封磨损程度变化的响应灵敏度会随密封压力的增加而增大。研究结果为液压缸实际运行过程中往复动密封状态的监测提供了依据。     

A Condition Monitor For Liquid Lubricated Mechanical Seals

A recently developed condition monitor for liquid lubricated mechanical seals utilizes actively generated ultrasonic shear waves to determine conditions at the sealing interface. A shear wave transducer is mounted on the backside of the non-rotating seal face, and generates waves that propagate toward the sealing interface. The amplitude of the reflected waves indicates whether or not face contact occurs and, if there is contact, the severity of contact. Thus, this monitor is suitable for use with both non-contacting and partially contacting seals. Laboratory tests on a commercial, unbalanced seal demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.     

磁传动运行状态监测装置的开发及其应用

介绍了通过应用磁传动技术开发的具有运行状态监测功能的磁传动器,并应用在普通侧向搅拌器上,使得搅拌器轴封动密封变为静密封,实现了搅拌器绝对无泄漏,并实施运行状态的监测.     

Design and implementation of an ultrasonic sensor for rapid monitoring of industrial malolactic fermentation of wines

Ultrasound is an emerging technology that can be applied to monitor food processes. However, ultrasonic techniques are usually limited to research activities within a laboratory environment and they are not extensively used in industrial processes. The aim of this paper is to describe a novel ultrasonic sensor designed to monitor physical–chemical changes that occur in wines stored in industrial tanks. Essentially, the sensor consists of an ultrasonic transducer in contact with a buffer rod, mounted inside a stainless steel tube section. This structure allows the ultrasonic sensor to be directly installed in stainless steel tanks of an industrial plant. The operating principle of this design is based on the measurement of ultrasonic velocity of propagation. To test its proper operation, the sensor has been used to measure changes of concentration in aqueous samples and to monitor the progress of a malolactic fermentation of red wines in various commercial wineries. Results show the feasibility of using this sensor for monitoring malolactic fermentations in red wines placed in industrial tanks.     

基于DHMM的机械密封端面膜厚识别技术的研究

维持机械密封端面间一定的膜厚是保证机械密封正常运行的关键,利用声发射技术监测得到的反映机械密封膜厚状态的信号往往信噪比很低,对其工作状态进行分类存在一定的困难。提出一种基于声发射信号利用总体经验模式分解(EEMD)和离散隐马尔可夫模型(DHMM)识别的机械密封端面膜厚识别技术。首先对声发射信号进行分帧处理,运用EEMD方法对信号进行时频分析,对分解出的子频分量分别提取时域和频域特征,再由核主成分分析法对特征参数进行优化降维,利用简化后的特征参数矢量训练各个机械密封端面膜厚状态的DHMM,最后由训练好的DHMM实现机械密封端面膜厚状态的识别,从而实现机械密封端面接触状态的监测。试验研究表明:该方法能够快速有效地判断出膜厚状态,并且需要的训练样本少,训练速度快,对实现机械密封端面接触状态的智能化在线监测具有重要的意义。     

Simulation and experimentation on the contact width and pressure distribution of lip seals

The relative motion between two mated parts of machinery always generates heat from friction. The lubricant serves as a medium not only to reduce the friction but also to enhance heat dissipation. In order to contain the lubrication oil, lip seal is a most frequent sealing part used in these applications. This paper aims to study the contact width and contact pressure of the seal lip under the various interference fits between the shaft and seal. The contact force associated with the pressure was used to estimate the generated heat due to friction. Thereby, this frictional heat flux was employed to analyze the temperature distribution within the rubber seal. According to the temperature distribution, the thermal deformation of the seal and the concern of material ageing can be examined. Since the use of a seal with a shaft under allowable dimension tolerance is foreseeable, the fit with different degree of interference was investigated. On the other hand, a simple apparatus to measure the width and pressure on the contact lip zone under different diameters of shaft was designed and fabricated. The contact width and contact pressure were distilled from the press mark of a pressure-sensitive film. The measurements were used to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed set up.     

基于正交试验的旋转轴唇形密封可靠性影响因素研究

为探讨多因素相互作用对油封可靠性的影响,以某减速器中输入轴与轴承端盖间的油封为研究对象,基于有限元软件获得不同结构参数时油封的静态压力分布曲线和影响系数矩阵,并将分析结果集成到油封的混合数值计算模型,分析并计算油侧唇角、空气侧唇角、理论接触宽度、过盈量、弹簧劲度系数、腰厚、腰长7个结构参数对油封泵送率和摩擦扭矩值的影响;将油封的7个结构参数作为变量因素,以油封泵送率和摩擦扭矩作为响应目标进行正交试验,研究各结构参数对油封密封可靠性的灵敏性。结果表明:各因素对油封泵送率敏感性影响程度由大到小依次为油侧唇角、理论接触宽度、空气侧唇角、腰厚、过盈量、腰长、弹簧劲度系数,各因素对摩擦扭矩的敏感性影响程度由大到小依次为油侧唇角、理论接触宽度、腰厚、弹簧劲度系数、过盈量、空气侧唇角、腰长,表明油侧唇角和理论接触宽度是影响油封可靠性的最主要因素。确定油封参数的最优组合,油封优化后的摩擦扭矩比优化前的更低,因而能够减少油封工作时的摩擦生热量,从而延长油封的使用寿命。     

In situ Measurement of Journal Bearing Lubricant Viscosity by Means of a Novel Ultrasonic Measurement Technique Using Matching Layer

An ultrasonic viscometer was used to measure the circumferential viscosity variation in a journal bearing noninvasively. This sensing technique is based on the reflection of a shear wave at a solid–liquid boundary that depends on the viscosity of the liquid and the acoustic properties of the solid. Very little ultrasonic energy can propagate into the oil at a metal–oil interface because the acoustic mismatch is significant. Interleaving a matching layer between the metal and the lubricant enables accurate ultrasonic viscosity measurements (M. Schirru, et al., Tribology Leters, Vol. 60, No. 3, 2015). This technique has been used to build a miniaturized ultrasonic viscometer that is accommodated inside a journal to obtain the circumferential viscosity profile. Four viscosity regions are identified due to the variations in the localized temperatures and loads. The results are compared with the isothermal solution of the Reynolds equations for hydrodynamic lubricated bearings. The ultrasonic viscometer locates the angle at which the maximum load occurs and the length of the loaded contact with good accuracy. Finally, the viscosity results are used to estimate the frictional power losses. It is shown that over 70% of the total losses in the journal bearing occur in the region where the load is maximum.