基于薄膜退火的MoS_2/SiO_2/Si异质结太阳能电池光伏性能提高

为了制备高效的MoSi/SiO_2/Si异质结太阳能电池,利用磁控溅射技术制备MoS_2薄膜,并在硫气氛下对MoS_2薄膜进行退火处理。分别用退火和未退火的MoS_2薄膜制备MoS_2/SiO_2/Si异质结太阳能电池,研究了退火对MoS_2薄膜的微观结构和MoS_2/SiO_2/Si异质结太阳能电池光电性能的影响。实验结果显示,相比于未退火的,经过退火处理的MoS_2薄膜的拉曼峰半高宽(FWHM)变窄,峰强增强,显微荧光光谱中也出现明显的激子发光峰。由此表明,退火处理使MoS_2薄膜由非晶向晶态转变,薄膜的体缺陷减少,异质结太阳能电池的开路电压和填充因子得到提升,器件转换效率从0.94%提高到1.66%。不同光照强度下的J-V测量和暗态的J-V测量结果表明,经退火处理的MoS_2薄膜的异质结太阳能电池具有较高的收集电压和更接近于1的理想因子,这归因于退火导致MoS_2薄膜的体缺陷的减少,近而降低了MoS_2/SiO_2/Si异质结太阳能电池器件的体缺陷复合。     

变组分变掺杂p-i-n型AlGaAs/GaAs微结构中子探测器性能表征

制备了一种在p-i-n型AlGaAs/GaAs材料上刻蚀微沟槽的中子探测器。通过MOCVD技术生长了变组分变掺杂的p-i-n型AlGaAs/GaAs，使用ICP技术在材料上刻出微沟槽，沟槽宽度为25μm，深度为10μm。探测器的探测面积为4 mm2，沟槽宽度和间距为1∶1，呈周期性排列，在沟槽中填充中子转换材料探测热中子信号。通过对平面和微结构p-i-n型AlGaAs/GaAs探测器的电学特性、α粒子以及中子探测性能的比较分析，发现两者在电学特性和α粒子能量分辨率方面有较大差别。5 V偏压下平面型和微结构AlGaAs/GaAs探测器的漏电流分别是-0.024 1μA、-0.627μA，两者相差近30倍，这是由于微结构刻蚀了部分异质结导致器件表面漏电流增加。0 V偏压下微结构探测器α粒子能量分辨率比平面型也有些许恶化，但在热中子探测上微结构效果更佳，中子总计数微结构比平面型多一倍。微结构降低了探测器的自吸收问题，同时增大了探测器的中子接触面积，在热中子探测上应用前景广阔。     

热致变发射率VO2涂层研究及应用

采用KBH_4还原K_3VO_4的方法合成出了VO_2粉体,并利用刮涂法制备了VO_2涂层。研究了涂层发射率随温度的变化规律,发现在VO_2相变点68℃附近涂层发射率突变,突变量可达0.1。利用红外热像仪分析了涂层的红外热图,结果表明,VO_2涂层在相变前后具有主动控制自身辐射强度的特性。基于这些特性,对VO_2涂层在自适应伪装中的应用进行了研究,结果表明VO_2材料可以用来实现红外动态隐身。     

水热法制备介孔Ag_3VO_4粉体及其光致发光性能

将以AgNO_3和NH_4VO_3为原料制备的前驱体溶液在不同温度水热反应不同时间后,于600℃煅烧得到Ag_3VO_4粉体,研究了粉体的微观形貌和物相组成,确定了较佳的反应温度和时间,并分析了该粉体的结构与光致发光性能。结果表明:制备Ag_3VO_4粉体的较佳反应温度为180℃、时间12h,在该条件下得到的Ag_3VO_4粉体呈棒状,直径为2~3μm,具有介孔结构,孔径约为27nm,比表面积为1 181m~2·g~(-1);此Ag_3VO_4粉体在波长521~595nm范围内有荧光发射峰,在553.1nm处发射峰的强度最大,具有良好的的光致发光性能。     

退火工艺对20Cr13不锈钢组织与性能的影响

研究了退火温度、保温时间对20Cr13不锈钢组织与性能的影响规律,结果表明:强度、硬度随保温时间的延长、退火温度的升高而降低;延伸率在840~860℃,保温时间≥2min/mm的退火状态下较佳;晶粒尺寸随保温时间的延长而增大,碳化物偏析随保温时间的延长而减弱,退火温度对其影响不大。     

退火温度对Ti_(50)Ni_(45)Cu_5合金相变温度和摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用熔炼法浇注出Ti50Ni45Cu5合金铸锭,对其进行均匀化处理、固溶处理后,再进行变形量为25%的冷轧,最后分别在400,500,600,700℃下进行1h的退火处理,研究了退火温度对合金相变温度、力学性能以及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,合金的强度、硬度降低,塑性升高,相变温度降低;400℃退火后的合金具有优良的综合力学性能,其抗拉强度为996MPa,伸长率为8.2%;合金在-50~150℃升温/降温过程中发生B2→B19′相变;退火态Ti50Ni45Cu5合金的磨损机制为剥层磨损,且随着退火温度的升高,合金的耐磨性能降低;由于应力诱导马氏体相变的作用,合金的耐磨性能较高,400℃退火后合金的摩擦因数为0.605 7,磨损质量为0.007 4g。     

退火温度对AlxTixNixCoCrCu0.5FeMo高熵合金涂层组织和性能的影响

在40Cr钢表面激光熔覆Al_xTi_xNi_xCoCrCu_0.5FeMo（x=4,5,6,7,8,9,物质的量比）高熵合金涂层,并进行300～900℃退火处理,研究了退火温度对涂层组织和性能的影响。结果表明：未退火及300℃退火处理的高熵合金涂层均为单一的体心立方（BCC）相结构,500～900℃退火后合金涂层中生成类Al₂Ti₃结构金属间化合物相;当退火温度升高至500℃时,晶内耐腐蚀性变差,且涂层耐腐蚀性随退火温度升高而下降;随着退火温度升高,高熵合金涂层的硬度呈先下降后升高再下降的趋势,700℃退火处理的Al₄Ti₄Ni₄CoCrCu_0.5FeMo合金硬度最大,为1 019 HV。     

Al2O3/(Ag72Cu28)97Ti3/Ti-6Al-4V界面反应

在1.8 ks、1 073～1 173 K条件下对Al2O3/(Ag72Cu28)97Ti3/Ti-6Al-4V进行了钎焊试验.通过扫描电镜、波谱、能谱和X射线衍射对界面反应产物进行了测试,确定了界面结构,并讨论了这些反应产物形成的可能性.结果表明,温度小于1 123 K的界面结构为Al2O3/Cu2Ti4O/Cu4Ti3+Cu固溶体/Ag-Cu共晶 + 富Ag相;温度1 173 K的界面结构为Al2O3/Cu3TiO5 + CuAl2O4/Cu4Ti3/富Ag相+ Cu4Ti3.     

缩短5CrMnMo和3Cr2W8V钢退火时间和提高毛坯热处理质量的途径

5CrMaMo 和3Cr2W8V 常用的退火工艺为:缓慢加热到退火温度(3Cr2W8v钢为860℃,5CrMnMo 钢为820℃)、保温(时间按每25毫米有效厚度保温1小时计)、保温后缓冷(冷速不大于50℃/小时)至550℃以下出炉空冷。该退火工艺周期长、消耗能源多,很难实现连续怍业,生产率很低。从退火后钢的性能来看,也不能获得最佳性能。因为5CrMaMo 属于珠光体-马氏体类钢,3Cr2W8V 钢属于马氏体类钢,这两类钢在锻造后空冷可获得     

快速凝固Ti50Ni25Cu25块体合金的形状记忆性能研究

利用铜模喷铸法制备了具有形状记忆性能的高含Cu快速凝固Ti 50Ni 25Cu25合金棒材,并对其铸态和退火态组织进行了分析。详细研究了热处理温度对马氏体相变行为的影响,研究了Ti 50 Ni25Cu25合金棒材铸态和退火态的室温压缩力学行为,并测试了合金的形状记忆性能。各合金表现出良好的形状记忆性能和小的相变热滞。热处理提高了Ti 50 Ni 25Cu 25合金的相变温度和形状回复应变,550℃退火处理后预应变8%的Ti 50Ni 25Cu25合金棒材的形状回复应变约为2.2%。在500℃和550℃之间退火处理,有利于获得具有小相变热滞和优良形状记忆性能的合金棒材。     

用于热机械微纳加工的掺Al多晶硅加热器

针对热机械式微纳米结构的加工,提出了一种以掺Al多晶硅为材料,集成于微悬臂梁上的加热器.采用Al诱导退火晶化(AIC)方法,在750 K对Al/a-Si∶H复合薄膜低温晶化18 h,制备出掺Al多晶硅.通过低温退火,使复合薄膜的拉曼特征峰由478 cm-1移至520 cm-1,完成由非晶硅向多晶硅的转变;由四探针仪测得...     

Investigation of the formation of transition layers during LPE growth of GaAs

The properties of the near surface region in GaAs substrates doped with Sn and Te are studied after annealing in H₂ flow or under controlled As overpressure. The transition regions between the bulk and the surface are formed upon such annealing. Also, the distribution of recombination centres across these transition regions is governed by defects diffused from the substrate and generated in the epitaxial layer.     

Sliding friction and wear performance of Ti6Al4V in the presence of surface-capped copper nanoclusters lubricant

The friction and wear properties of Ti₆Al₄V sliding against AISI52100 steel ball under different lubricative media of surface-capped copper nanoclusters lubricant—Cu nanoparticles capped with O,O′-di-n-octyldithiophosphate (Cu-DTP), rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil containing 1 wt% Cu-DTP was evaluated using an Optimol SRV oscillating friction and wear tester. The wear mechanism was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrosmeter (XPS). Results indicate that Cu-DTP can act as the best lubricant for Ti₆Al₄V as compared with rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil containing 1 wt% Cu-DTP. The applied load and sliding frequency obviously affected the friction and wear behavior of Ti₆Al₄V under Cu-DTP lubricating. The frictional experiment of the Ti₆Al₄V sliding against AISI52100 cannot continue under the lubricating condition of rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil containing 1 wt% Cu-DTP when the applied load are over 100 N. Surprisingly, the frictional experiment of Ti₆Al₄V sliding against AISI52100 steel can continue at the applied load of 450 N under Cu-DTP lubricating. The tribochemical reaction film containing S and P is responsible for the good wear resistance and friction reduction of Ti₆Al₄V under Cu-DTP at the low applied load. However, a conjunct effect of Cu nanoparticle deposited film and tribochemical reaction film containing S and P contributes to the good tribological properties of Ti₆Al₄V under Cu-DTP at the high-applied load.     

Comparative study on tribology and microhardness of laser synthesized Ti-Al2O3/Zn coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

ABSTRACT

The study of laser cladding of 90Ti-10Al₂O₃, 90Ti-8Al₂O₃-2Zn and 90Ti-4Al₂O₃-6Zn coatings onto Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with intention to produce defect-less, high microhardness and wear resistant coating was carried out. The coatings were deposited onto Ti-6Al-4V alloy at 900 W laser power and 0.6 m/min laser scan speed. Microstructures and phase constituents of the developed coatings were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer correspondingly. Vickers microhardness tester and pin-on-disk tribometer were employed to characterize microhardness and wear behaviour of the Ti-Al₂O₃/Zn coatings respectively. SEM was also used to examine the worn track. It was observed that 90Ti-10Al₂O₃ coating yielded optimal microhardness along with maximal wear resistance in comparison to the other coatings and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. It has been established that laser cladding of Ti-Al₂O₃ coating with Zn contents on Ti-6Al-4V alloy alleviates the formation of cracks, however, microhardness and wear properties are negatively affected.     

Tribological investigation of CaF2 nanocrystals as grease additives

Calcium fluoride (CaF₂) nanocrystals with average grain size of 60 nm were synthesized via a precipitation method. The morphology and structure of nanocrystals were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). TEM and XRD showed that CaF₂ nanocrystals are cubic particles in submicron scale. The tribological properties of the prepared CaF₂ nanocrystals as an additive in lithium grease were evaluated with a four-ball tester. The results indicated that these nanocrystals exhibit excellent antiwear, friction reduction and extreme pressure (EP) properties. It was also found that the EP and antiwear capabilities of the grease are not proportional to the content of CaF₂ nanocrystals but there existed a certain value. The rubbed surface after friction test was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to understand the action mechanism. The results show that a boundary film mainly composed of CaF₂, CaO, iron oxide and some organic compounds was formed on the rubbed surface after friction test and the thickness of boundary film was about 12 nm. The disproportion of stoichiometric ratio of Ca and F in boundary lubrication film indicates that tribochemical reaction of CaF₂ nanocrystals occurred on the worn steel surface at severe tribological conditions.     

Tribological Behavior of PTFE Composites Filled with PEEK and Nano-Al2O3

In this study, the tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and nano-Al₂O₃ particles were studied using a block-on-ring wear tester. The tribological performance of the composites was affected by the experimental parameters (sliding speed, normal load, and environmental temperature) and the composites achieved a high-speed sliding friction state. The results showed that the PEEK and nano-Al₂O₃ particles significantly improved the wear resistance of the PTFE composites. In addition, the nano-Al₂O₃ particles increased the hardness of the composites and enhanced the mechanical properties to enable applications in a wider range of industrial fields. The effects of the sliding speed and normal load on the tribological properties were more significant than that of the environmental temperature. In addition, the entire wear process was divided into three stages (the initial wear stage, severe wear transition stage, and ultralow stable wear stage), according to the evolution of the tribological characteristics (wear rate, morphology of the worn surface and transfer film, and wear debris morphology).     

A study on friction and wear characteristics of nanometer Al2O3 /PEEK composites under the dry sliding condition

The friction and wear properties of the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) based composites filled with 5 mass% nanometer or micron Al₂O₃ with or without 10 mass% polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) against the medium carbon steel (AISI 1045 steel) ring under the dry sliding condition at Amsler wear tester were examined. A constant sliding velocity of 0.42 m s⁻¹ and a load of 196 N were used in all experiments. The average diameter 250 μm PEEK powders, the 15 or 90 nm Al₂O₃ nano-particles or 500 nm Al₂O₃ particles and/or the PTFE fine powders of diameter 50 μm were mechanically mixed in alcohol, and then the block composite specimens were prepared by the heat compression moulding. The homogeneously dispersion of the Al₂O₃ nano-particles in PEEK matrix of the prepared composites was analyzed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The wear testing results showed that nanometer and micron Al₂O₃ reduced the wear coefficient of PEEK composites without PTFE effectively, but not reduced the friction coefficient. The filling of 10 mass% PTFE into pure PEEK resulted in a decrease of the friction coefficient and the wear coefficient of the filled composite simultaneously. However, when 10 mass% PTFE was filled into Al₂O₃/ PEEK composites, the friction coefficient was decreased and the wear coefficient increased. The worn scars on the tested composite specimen surfaces and steel ring surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A thin, uniform, and tenacious transferred film on the surface of the steel rings against the PEEK composites filled with 5 mass% 15 nm Al₂O₃ particles but without PTFE was formed. The components of the transferred films were detected by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results indicated that the nanometer Al₂O₃ as the filler, together with PEEK matrix, transferred to the counterpart ring surface during the sliding friction and wear. Therefore, the ability of Al₂O₃ to improve the wear resistant behaviors is closely related to the ability to improve the characteristics of the transfer film.     

Synthesis and microstructural studies of annealed Cu2O/CuxS bilayer as transparent electrode material for photovoltaic and energy storage devices

Cu₂O thin film and a transparent bilayer have been fabricated by electrodeposition method. The growths were obtained in potentiostatic mode with gradual degradation of anodic current. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that the bilayer is polycrystalline and it possesses mixture of different crystallite phases of copper oxides. Surface morphology of the films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images revealed that the films were uniformly distributed and the starting material (Cu₂O) had cubical structure. Grains agglomeration and crystallinity were enhanced by annealing. Optical studies indicated that all the samples have direct allowed transition. Energy band gap of the bilayer film was reduced by annealing treatment thus corroborating quantum confinement upshot.     

The crack healing behavior of ZrO2/SiC composite ceramics with TiO2 additive

This paper was carried out to assess the crack-healing behavior of ZrO₂ composite ceramics. The ZrO₂ composite ceramics were made by adding 10 wt.% SiC and TiO₂. The TiO₂ additives were changed to 1, 3 and 5 wt.%. The characteristics of crack-healing behavior were studied as a function of annealing temperature and time. Specimens were mirror polished. The cracks of about 100 ??m were introduced on the specimen surface by Vickers indenter and specimen were heat-treated. The strength of crack-healing was conducted by a three-point bending, and the each specimens was measured by XRD. The results obtained in this study are as follows: The ZST composite ceramics contained crack-healing properties, and the strength of ZST smooth specimens have been shown to be better than ZS specimens. The optimum crack-healing condition of the ZTS3 specimen was 1073 K, 5 hours in the air. Specimens with heat treatment had micro-cracks and large cracks on the surface, but the micro-cracks on the surface did not affect the bending strength. It was found that specimens display phase transformation from tetragonal crystal to monoclinic crystal after heat treatment.     

High-temperature tribological properties of spark-plasma-sintered Al2O3 composites containing barite-type structure sulfates

Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–20Ag, Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–10SiO₂, Al₂O₃–50(mass%)SrSO₄, Al₂O₃–50PbSO₄–5SiO₂, Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄ and Al₂O₃–50BaCrO₄ composites (mass%) were prepared by spark plasma sintering and their microstructure and high-temperature tribological properties were evaluated. Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–20Ag composites (mass%) showed the lowest friction coefficients at the temperature ranging from 473 to 1073 K. Thin Ag film was observed on the wear tracks of the composites above 473 K. In addition, the friction coefficients of Al₂O₃ composites containing SrSO₄ and PbSO₄ were as low as those of Al₂O₃–BaSO₄ and Al₂O₃–BaCrO₄ composites at the temperatures up to 1073 K. The thin films formed on the wear tracks of the Al₂O₃–SrSO₄ composites were composed of Al₂O₃ and SrSO₄ phases, while the films formed on the wear tracks of the Al₂O₃–PbSO₄–SiO₂ composites consisted of Al₂O₃, PbSO₄ and SiO₂ phases.