一种新型的高压电器温度在线测量系统

基于螺旋形液晶填充光子晶体光纤的温度传感特性,提出一种新型的高压电器温度传感器系统。该传感器系统由宽带光源、螺旋形液晶、光子晶体光纤、光纤F-P腔(Fabry-Perot cavity)滤波器、信号处理放大电路等组成。将螺旋形液晶封装在光子晶体光纤的纤芯空气孔中,利用光子晶体光纤对温度和弯曲不敏感特性以及螺旋形液晶的螺距对温度变化非常敏感的特性,传感器的选择反射光波长依赖于温度的变化,采用光纤F-P腔滤波器解调出光波长的变化,利用反射波长与温度之间的关系,实现温度的测量。测量系统选用合适液晶,可以得到不同的温度测量范围,能对高压电器温度进行在线检测,测量精度可以达到±0.1℃以内,并具有本征安全、高精度、高电绝缘和抗电磁干扰、对应变和环境光变化不敏感以及与普通传输光纤兼容性好等优点。     

一种基于强度调制的新型光纤温度传感器

介绍了一种基于　调制的新型光纤温度传感器，它是通过光刻腐蚀和镀敷金属材料的方法在光纤上直接形成的。对其测温原理进行了研究：刻纹光纤受轴向应变时，其中传输的光信号输出功率对轴向应变相当敏感，很容易测量出光信号输出功率减少，原因是由于刻纹段光纤受轴向应变时纤芯折射率及半径变化的结果，且刻纹段与未刻纹段将发生大小不同的应变。当外界环境温度发生变化时，由敷在刻纹光纤外表面上的金属敷层将随环境温度的变化而热胀冷缩，这样使光纤同时产生一个沿光纤轴方向的拉伸应变。从而导致光纤中输出光功率发生改变。实验结果表明：光纤温度传感器的性能是由其结构参数、金属敷层材料种类及其对称性所决定，具有较好的重复性和较高的温度响应灵敏度。     

基于桥梁结构的FBG传感器温度与应变交叉敏感问题的研究

对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器在桥梁结构健康监测中产生的温度与应变交叉敏感问题进行了研究。采用参考光纤光栅法在应变传感光纤光栅附近额外加入一个温度测量光纤光栅,对应变光栅实现温度补偿功能。设计了基于参考光纤光栅法的FBG传感器及FBG传感器封装的机械结构,并通过实验来验证FBG传感器的性能。实验数据表明,温度传感光纤光栅几乎不受应变的影响,应变传感光栅的中心波长变化与温度变化呈一阶线性关系,修正后的测量结果更加精确,达到了双参数同时测量的目的,应变与布拉格波长的线性关系非常好,相关系数达到0.99以上。参考光纤光栅法能够很好地解决FBG传感器温度与应变交叉敏感的问题。     

基于腐蚀型多模光纤的光纤激光传感器

将一种新颖的基于腐蚀型多模光纤MMF级联的干涉型光纤传感器和光纤光栅传感器相结合,提出一种新的可以同时测量温度和液位的光纤传感器装置,并对其实验结果进行分析,光纤光栅和激光干涉仪作为激光光腔的滤波器,对应这两个滤波器,输出两个稳定波长,这两个波长对液位和温度有不同的反映特征。通过FBG输出的波长对液位不敏感,对温度的敏感性是0.012 3nm/℃。通过干涉仪输出的波长对液位敏感,并且灵敏度是0.229 4 nm/mm,它的温度敏感性是0.064 8 nm/℃。这样,根据不同的液位和温度的光谱响应,可以实现同时测量,该传感器与其他光纤传感器相比有不受检测范围限制,高分辨率和高灵敏度的优势。     

光纤光栅管式封装工艺研究

使用了外径0.8mm、内径0.58mm、长度40mm的不锈钢钢管作为套管材料,对光纤光栅进行了保护型封装,并且提出了单头式和双头式两种光纤光栅温度传感器的管式封装方法,制作得到只对温度敏感的温度传感器。通过应力拉伸试验检验了封装的可靠性,并采用水浴试验研究了其温度传感特性。结果表明,单头式封装方式比双头式封装效果更好,依然保持着非常好的波长与温度之间的线性关系,线性拟合度均达到0.997以上,并且均得到很好的重复性。采用该封装工艺可以有效地解决光栅交叉敏感问题,从而满足了一些对光纤光栅传感器尺寸和兼容性要求较高的场合的需要。     

具有温度补偿的拱形增敏微纳光纤磁场传感器

提出了一种基于铽镝铁(TbDyFe)的具有温度补偿的拱形增敏微纳光纤磁场传感器。传感器由光纤布拉格光栅(FBG),拱形微纳光纤和TbDyFe组成,拱形微纳光纤通过紫外胶(UV glue)粘接在TbDyFe上。与非拱形微纳光纤相比,拱形光纤可将TbDyFe的伸长转化为光纤曲率半径的变化,引起干涉波长偏移,从而实现磁场灵敏度的提高。随着磁场强度升高,拱形微纳光纤的干涉波长蓝移,灵敏度为47.81 pm/mT,FBG对磁场不敏感,拱形微纳光纤传感器的磁场灵敏度比非拱形高11.66倍。升温过程中拱形微纳光纤的干涉波长发生蓝移,温度灵敏度为43.02 pm/℃,FBG的干涉波长发生红移,温度灵敏度为9.34 pm/℃。磁场传感器显示出良好的重复性和线性,级联的FBG对磁场不敏感,可以实现对磁场传感器的温度补偿。     

Bragg光纤传感技术应用研究

分析了光纤光栅传感器的工作原理,介绍了成栅技术及应用前景,提出了在应用光纤光栅传感技术时解决温度、应力交叉敏感等问题的新方法.研究结果对Bragg 光纤传感器在工程技术领域具有一定的应用价值.     

准分布式光纤传感输电线路安全监测技术

针对电力行业安全监测技术中常用的电学传感器易受干扰的问题,设计了一种基于抗弯拉光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)温度传感器和波分复用(WDM)技术的准分布式输电线路安全监测系统.采用不受力的两端点粘封装方式对传感器进行封装,解决了温度与应变交叉敏感的问题.采用光纤布拉格光栅串并联加波分复用的方式,实现单系统320个测点的同时监测.试验结果表明,所研制的光纤布拉格光栅温度传感器灵敏度为11.2 pm/℃,可用于输电线路温度的长距离实时在线监测,满足电力系统安全运行监测的需求.     

准分布式光纤传感输电线路安全监测技术

针对电力行业安全监测技术中常用的电学传感器易受干扰的问题,设计了一种基于抗弯拉光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)温度传感器和波分复用(WDM)技术的准分布式输电线路安全监测系统.采用不受力的两端点粘封装方式对传感器进行封装,解决了温度与应变交叉敏感的问题.采用光纤布拉格光栅串并联加波分复用的方式,实现单系统320个测点的同时监测.试验结果表明,所研制的光纤布拉格光栅温度传感器灵敏度为11.2 pm/℃,可用于输电线路温度的长距离实时在线监测,满足电力系统安全运行监测的需求.     

基于中心微泡结构的光纤F-P传感器应力特性研究

硅基材料光纤具有比较小的热膨胀系数,可用来制备具有折射率、应变、应力等敏感特性而温度不敏感特性的传感器件,比如利用光纤F-P传感器可实现高灵敏度的应力传感.本文提出了一种基于化学腐蚀法的低成本、高灵敏光纤F-P传感器件,并分析了其应力传感特性.该方法先利用HF溶液制备凹孔端面光纤,然后采用熔融放电方法制备空心结构的光纤FP传感器,有助于增强光纤器件的应力传感特性和温度不敏感能力.实验结果表明,所设计的F-P传感器其应力变化与光纤F-P传感器干涉谱峰变化呈正比关系,其应力灵敏度可以达到5.2,且成本较低廉,具有一定的应用价值.     

A 10 mm measuring machine based on a compensated laser interferometer

A single-axis measuring microscope has been constructed for the calibration of stage micrometers, micrometer microscopes and similar devices which require uncertainties down to 0.1 μm. The instrument is built from modules so that the interferometer measuring unit can be used in a variety of calibration tasks. A single mode optical fibre can be used to couple the laser source to the interferometer     

双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的温度特性

对适用于温度传感的双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪进行了研究,并通过将一根单模双芯光纤熔接在两根单模光纤之间,制得了双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪型梳状滤波器.用干涉原理分别分析了该器件传输谱的自由空间谱宽与波长、双芯光纤的长度和两纤芯间的有效折射率差的关系,实验检测了它的温度特性.结果显示,随着温度的升高,该器件的传输谱发生红...     

Optical-fibre scanning near-field optical microscope for cryogenic operation

We have developed a new type of scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) utilizing optical fibres. The probe tip is controlled by shear force feedback with a fibre interferometer and signal light is collected directly by a multimode fibre. These features make the SNOM head more compact and less sensitive to vibration. Further advantages of this new type of SNOM are that it obviates the need for optical windows in the cryostat and offers easy optical alignment.     

Compact high-aperture interferometer with a diffractive reference wave for high-precision referenceless aberration measurements of optical elements and systems

We present the optical layout and actual design of a compact high-aperture referenceless point diffraction interferometer with a diffraction reference wave. The basic concept of this interferometer is based on a single-mode optical fibre with a subwave output aperture, which is used as a source of spherical reference waves. The interferometer is designed for high-precision measurements of the surface shape and aberrations of optical elements. It makes use of a diffraction reference wave and is developed for mass industrial applications. The proposed design does not require the involvement of special external conditions, and reduces the need for calibrated reference surfaces. We evaluate the performance of our interferometer for highprecision measurements and demonstrate its use by presenting results obtained from measuring the shapes of spherical references from various manufacturers and the aberration of a five lens objective.     

基于双微环结构的MZI型波长交错滤波器

为了改善全光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(Mach-Zehnder interferometer,MZI)的传输特性,提出了一种基于双微环辅助型的MZI交叉复用器。根据其结构,利用信号流图推导出了该器件的输出表达式,并进行了数值模拟分析,得到了传输过程中的最佳结构参数。此外,还分析了耦合器耦合系数及传输损耗对该器件的影响。结果表明,改进后的MZI交叉复用器输出谱线更加接近方波,其25 dB截止带带宽和0.5 dB通透带带宽明显改善,其值分别为41.2 GHz和18.9 GHz。器件具有一定的抗偏差能力且传输损耗对滤波器消光特性的影响较小。     

光纤傅里叶变换光谱术在光纤光栅传感解调中的应用

介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的基本原理和光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪(FFTS)的结构;基于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,采用傅里叶变换光谱算法对光纤Bragg光栅传感器的波长进行了解调。宽带光源发出的光经过光纤耦合器进入光纤Bragg光栅,其反射光由耦合器返回进入到FFTS中进行测量,FFTS的最高光谱分辨率达到0.05 cm-1,即在近红外1 550 nm波长处分辨率为0.012 nm。分别对光纤Bragg光栅的应变特性和温度特性进行了测量。测量显示:光纤Bragg光栅的应变灵敏度为0.833 pm/με,温度灵敏度为19.78 pm/℃。得到的结果表明FFTS系统具有高分辨率、大测量范围的特点,可满足光纤Bragg光栅传感器波长解调的需求。     

All-fiber Mach–Zehnder comb filter based on tapered fibers for wavelength switchable erbium-doped fiber lasers

Abstract

A wavelength switchable erbium-doped fiber laser was constructed based on an all-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) comb filter. The MZI consisted of a fiber with two tapers. An L-band erbium-doped fiber was used as the gain medium, and 1557.92, 1563.2, and 1568.06?nm single-wavelength and dual-wavelength switchable lasers at 1558, 1563.7, and 1570.2?nm were realized by adjusting the polarization controller. During scanning, the maxmin power fluctuations of single- and dual-wavelength lasing were 0.604 and 2.482?dB, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio was >24.46?dB and the laser’s 3?dB linewidth was <0.39?nm.     

A fibre-optic 3-D microscope with high depth sensitivity

A new fibre-optic microscope with high depth resolution is proposed and experimentally realized. In this microscope, a pair of monomode optical fibre couplers are used to form a six-port all-fibre Michelson interferometer. A lock-in amplifier is used to improve the depth sensitivity and to simplify the optical and electronic circuits. The phase sensing signal is applied to a mirror at one arm of the interferometer. The optimum resolution was about 0?4 nm. The transverse resolution of this microscope is determined by the core diameter of the monomode fibre (9 μm). This 3-D microscope is quite stable to ambient mechanical disturbances, and can be applied to the 3-D microscopy of various biological objects.     

Microstructural characterization in diffusion-bonded SiC/Ti–6Al–4V composites

The microstructural evolution during the diffusion bonding consolidation of a Ti–6Al–4V/SiC fibre composite was investigated by optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of processing parameters, particularly temperature, on the microstructures of the matrix and the fibre and their bonding were considered. Processing at too high a temperature can result in growth of SiC crystals in the fibre in addition to rapid interfacial reaction, while interfacial bonding cannot be established if the temperature is too low. Various defects can be caused by inadequate fabrication practices. These include micro-pores, matrix-cracking, cracking, bending and impingement of fibres, and heterogeneous fibre distribution. Methods for avoiding these are discussed. A defect-free and uniformly distributed fibre composite can only be achieved by optimizing the processing parameters (such as temperature, pressure, time and cooling rate) and adequately combining fibre spacing and matrix thickness with accurate fibre alignment.     

The response of SiC fibres to vacuum plasma spraying and vacuum hot pressing during the fabrication of titanium matrix composites

Vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) and vacuum hot pressing (VHP) have been used to fabricate Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite material reinforced longitudinally with DERA Sigma C coated SiC 1140+ fibres. VPS of Ti-6Al-4V onto Sigma 1140+ SiC fibres caused no fibre/matrix interfacial reaction. During VHP a fibre/matrix reaction occurred, producing a mixture of fine (< 50 nm) TiC_x (x ≤ 1) adjacent to the fibre coating and coarse-grained (0.3–0.5 μm) equiaxed TiC_x adjacent to the Ti matrix. A decrease in C concentration with increasing distance from the C coating is proposed, and is consistent with the evidence presented. A similar thickness and morphology of reaction product arose from conventional foil–fibre foil processing, but the matrix coated fibre/hot isostatic pressing process led to a slightly thicker reaction layer. The TiC_x reaction product acted as a diffusion barrier, inhibiting further reaction more effectively than in experiments on earlier SiC fibres having a C coating. Surface damage was shown to be a factor in lowering 1140+ SiC fibre failure stress. Surface damage to 1140+ fibres resulted from both VPS and VHP, the former causing a slight reduction in mean ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and a large reduction in the bend strain to failure Weibull modulus. This damage was caused by both fibre winding and by deposition of metal during VPS, giving rise to coating flaws, and is not in itself considered to be a major problem. Surface damage increased after VHP, reducing the mean UTS and tensile Weibull modulus, and the mean bend strain to failure. This damage arose from bending and flattening of the rough monotapes, and from the fibre/matrix reaction caused by thermal exposure. The level of damage to 1140+ SiC fibre from VHP was reduced by modification of the process path. Increasing the VHP temperature and lowering the pressure ramp rate reduced fibre damage sufficiently to enable a macroscopic composite UTS of 95% of the theoretical maximum to be achieved.