考虑零售商双渠道和回收品质量的闭环供应链定价与协调

为研究零售商双渠道结构和回收品质量对闭环供应链最优决策的影响,构建了包含一个制造商、一个零售商和一个第三方组成的闭环供应链模型,在双渠道闭环供应链基础上,考虑零售商线上和线下渠道并存以及回收品存在质量差异的情况,在零售商主导的前提下,利用Stacke1berg博弈理论求得集中决策与分散决策下的供应链成员最优定价和利润.结果 表明:分散决策下的闭环供应链没有达到Pareto最优,采用利润共享费用分担契约实现供应链协调后,供应链中各主体企业的利润得到提高,供应链整体利润达到集中决策水平;回收品质量不会影响正向供应链中的定价决策,但与逆向供应链中的回收价格、回收数量和供应链的整体利润正相关.最后通过数值分析验证了结论和协调机制的有效性.     

考虑社会责任的闭环供应链决策与协调

为研究社会责任承担对闭环供应链决策和盈利性的影响,进而协调考虑社会责任承担的闭环供应链,构建了由单一制造商和单一零售商组成的闭环供应链,分别在集中决策和制造商作为Stackelberg博弈领导者的分散决策模式下研究了闭环供应链的定价、社会责任承担水平和回收率决策,进一步分析了社会责任承担效应对决策变量和利润的影响,探讨了两部定价契约和收入共享契约对分散决策下闭环供应链的协调作用,并通过算例进行论证。研究表明:与集中决策相比,分散决策存在利润损失,零售价、社会责任承担水平、回收率和供应链利润均与社会责任承担效应正相关,两部定价契约和收入共享契约均可实现闭环供应链的协调,而收入共享契约的灵活性更强。     

不确定需求下具奖惩机制的闭环供应链模型

为了研究奖惩机制对成员企业决策产生的影响,以及如何协调奖惩机制下的闭环供应链,构建了需求不确定下由单一制造商、单一零售商和第三方回收商组成的具奖惩机制的闭环供应链博弈模型。研究表明,无论是集中决策还是分散决策,奖惩机制下回收率、订货量、零售商期望利润和第三方回收商期望利润均提高,并随奖惩力度的增大而增大;零售价均降低,且随奖惩力度的增大而减小,但这些决策变量和利润均与最低回收率的设定无关。制造商的利润同时受到奖惩力度和最低回收率的影响。渠道效率随奖惩力度和最低回收率的增大而降低。此外,研究发现分散化决策下的系统利润要低于集中定价决策下的系统利润,由此提出了改进的收入—费用共享契约和两部收费制契约来协调奖惩机制下的闭环供应链,但两部收费制契约的协调性能优于收入—费用共享契约。     

基于后市场服务联盟的服务供应链协调策略

针对质保期内制造商和供应商组成后市场服务联盟联合向客户提供后市场服务时的后市场服务供应链协调问题,考虑后市场服务水平对产品需求的影响,建立了集中决策下供应链系统以及分散决策下制造商和供应商的利润模型。通过分析和比较集中决策和分散决策下制造商和供应商的最优决策,设计了一种基于后市场服务成本分担和收益共享的复合契约对分散决策下的服务供应链进行协调,给出了服务供应链达到协调的条件,使该契约下的制造商和供应商实现了双赢。通过算例分析,验证了后市场服务供应链协调契约的有效性。     

基于政府激励的再制造闭环供应链定价策略及协调机制研究

针对一类由制造商、零售商组成的再制造闭环供应链系统,考虑政府奖惩激励措施,应用博弈论方法研究了新产品和再制造产品无差别定价时集中决策和分散决策模式下的定价策略,得出了闭环供应链成员的最优定价策略和最终利润。研究表明,政府激励环境中一定条件下闭环供应链的集中决策效率高于Stackelberg的博弈分散决策,通过设计一个收益共享协调定价机制,合理分配了制造商与零售商的利润,实现了闭环供应链的协调,进而分析了政府奖惩激励环境下闭环供应链协调运作中再制造过程利润超过制造过程的再制造优先条件,对再制造优先运作模式进行了探索。     

双渠道回收下闭环供应链的定价与协调策略

针对新产品与再制造产品存在销售价格差异以及废旧产品有两条回收渠道的情形,研究了闭环供应链系统的回收与销售定价策略.研究表明,Stackelberg博弈定价会造成系统效率的损失,而联合决策定价可以回收到更多废旧产品,产品售价最低,系统利润达到最大.为此,以联合决策下的均衡结果为基准,通过设计收入一费用共享契约和两部收费制相结合的协调定价机制,确定合理的分享系数范围和资格代理费,能够实现闭环供应链系统的完美协调.通过算例分析验证了渠道冲突、成本参数等对供应链定价的影响和有关结论的成立.     

基于微分对策的生鲜食品供应链双渠道协调机制

生鲜食品具有时鲜性、易腐性、季节性等特点且消费者对质量要求较高,其供应链双渠道协调问题成为管理的一个难点。以供应商和零售商组成的二级生鲜食品供应链为对象,考虑保鲜努力因素影响生鲜食品质量,建立了微分对策模型。比较分散决策下的Nash非合作博弈、Stackelberg博弈以及集中决策下协同合作博弈情形的最优决策,设计了联合收益共享、成本共担、价格折扣契约的双渠道协调机制。研究表明,基于微分对策的联合契约能够促成生鲜食品供应链双渠道的协调。通过数值算例验证了方法的有效性。     

网络外部性下考虑延保服务的供应链协调

为研究网络外部性对延保服务和供应链协调的影响,运用博弈论构建了具网络外部性的两级延保服务供应链模型。在集中决策和分散决策两种决策模式下,分别探讨和比较了节点企业的商品定价、延保服务定价、服务质量决策及系统利润;分析了网络外部性对各决策变量和节点企业利润的影响,发现网络外部性加剧了供应链系统决策效率的损失;研究了该供应链系统的契约协调问题,发现传统的收入共享契约无法协调网络外部性下考虑延保服务的供应链系统,而通过改进的收益共享契约可以使该系统获得Pareto改善,有效实现协调。最后通过算例方法对所提方法进行了验证和分析。     

铁路物流中心参与的公铁联运物流服务供应链协调

为实现公铁联运参与者的共赢,对铁路物流中心参与下存在备选公铁运输企业的公铁联运物流服务供应链协调问题进行了研究。基于非合作博弈理论,分别构建了集中决策和分散决策下的博弈模型,通过对比发现分散决策下的供应链存在效率损失。利用基于增量利润和基于系统贡献度的收益共享契约,对分散决策下的供应链进行协调。研究表明:两种收益共享机制都能对供应链进行有效协调;在一定条件下,两种机制中收益共享系数具有相似特征;在第二种机制中,公铁运输企业的成本优势越大,所获利润越大。通过算例验证了相关结论。     

考虑损失厌恶零售商的混合渠道库存决策问题

针对零售商损失厌恶行为往往导致其决策偏离最优的现象,从顾客渠道偏好和零售商损失厌恶因素角度研究混合渠道的库存决策。基于渠道偏好构建了风险中性制造商和损失厌恶零售商的混合渠道库存决策模型,探讨了独立库存和零售商集中库存下制造商和零售商的最优库存策略,并通过数值模拟分析需求不确定性、损失厌恶及决策方式等因素对库存策略的影响。研究表明,独立库存模式下的集中决策是分散决策的Pareto改进,零售商集中库存模式下的集中决策提高了制造商和供应链的利润,却降低了零售商收益;损失厌恶零售商的订货量随需求不确定性增大,呈现先增后减趋势;对于零售商和供应链,零售商集中库存模式占优,面临损失厌恶零售商,制造商倾向于选择独立库存模式以维护自身利益。数值分析进一步表明,当制造商能提供合理利润共享契约并适当调节库存水平时,零售商集中库存模式将比独立库存模式更能协调具有损失厌恶零售商的混合渠道。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.