利用CNC与PLC公共存储器设计数控分度台的方法

针对格里森609准双曲面齿轮精切机的数控改造,介绍了利用西门子802D数控系统CNC与PLC公共存储器设计其工件箱数控分度台的方法。     

最新的计算机数控(CNC)及其功能

就NC装置而言,最近,采用微处理器的计算机数控(CNC)已很普遍了。下面拟就当前在市场上出售的CNC的特点及其功能,从机械加工自动化现状这一角度作一些介绍。在最新的CNC中,采用了高速微处理器和大容量磁泡存储器。此外,还有不少采用了集成度非常高的专用大规模集成电路(CustomLSI)。在这样出色的装置中,由于存储了能发挥高功能的新的NC软件(控制程序),使得     

利用机床状态信息检修数控机床

现代的数控系统具有丰富的自诊断功能,CNC系统的自诊断能力不仅能在CRT上显示故障报警信息,而且还能以多页的“诊断地址”和“诊断数据”的形式为用户提供各种机床状态信息。这些状态信息有:CNC系统与机床之间的接口输入/输出信号状态;CNC与PLC之间输入/输出信号状态;PLC与机床之间输入/输出信号状态;各坐标轴位置的偏差值;刀具距机床参考点的距离;CNC内部各存储器的状态信息;伺服系统的状态信息;MDI面板、机床操作面板的状态信息等等。充分利用CNC系统提供的这些状态信息,就能在数控机床的维修中迅速准     

国内外动态

CNC开发的动向丘家秀 从近年国际机床展览会可见,CNC的开发不断向如下几方面发展: 1.高速度　为了加工精度高的复杂曲面零件,必须提高切削速度和缩短非切削时间来提高加工效率。这就要提高CNC运算处理速度、进给速度、主轴转速和PMC(可编程机床控制器)处理速度。因此CNC普遍采用32位CPU甚至64位CPU,而且用RISC(精简指令)CPU(20～30MIPS)替代CISC(复杂指令)CPU(5～6MIPS,IMIPS=100万条指令/s);用2048KB的大容量存储器;用流水线控制并行处理的软件结构。CNC运算处理速度用1个程序段处理时间BPT表示,目前最高BPT为0.25…     

大隈(OKUMA)OSP—U10/U100数控系统维修知识讲座——第8讲 大隈(OKUMA)OSP—U10/U100系统的PLC信号和存储器分配

计算机数控(CNC)系统的控制是通过系统的基本硬件和相应的控制软件实现的。OKUMAOSP—U10/U100系统的控制软件包括CNC软件(实现各种数字式轨迹控制的功能)和PLC软件(实现各种机床控制逻辑的功能)两大部分,本讲将对OKUMA OSP—U10/U100系统的PLC控制信号和存储器分配作简要的说明。     

基于Multibus的AC CNC系统体系结构研究

基于数控系统的高性能要求,提出了一种新的计算机数控(CNC)系统体系结构。在硬件结构上,基于Multibus构成多微处理器功能模块化结构,并采用双端口存储器连接基本CNC模块和自适应控制(AC)模块两个主模块。在软件结构上,基于iRMXⅡ操作系统建立了实时多任务数控操作管理系统,以保证各功能模块的并行处理和协调相互间的信息交换。     

声音

机床不再是孤岛西门子能源与自动化公司的监测控制系统项目经理RAJAS SUKTHANKAR说:“同环球网连接有许多优点,举一个例子,它把现存众多的基于IT基础结构合成无缝,以便车间能够收集CNC信息,并且把信息发送到工厂自动化基础结构的高级系统,环球网也同样适合办公环境。同环球网连接的另一个益处是让车间在基于PC控制器的本机硬盘内存储大量程序或通过在线传输这些程序直接到CNC,过去CNC体系结构存在着存储限制,这种存储器被新一代控制器替代。”     

用程序输入刀具补偿值（G10）在宏程序中的应用

刀具补偿值(包括刀具长度补偿和刀具半径补偿)可以通过两种方法来输入到CNC存储器中:(1)从CRT面板手动输入,这是一般常用的常规做法。(2)使用G10指令通过程序输入到CNC存储器中。方法(2)的G10指令有时又被称为“可编程数据输入”,即在程序中,用H或D地址指定的代码,从存储器中选择刀具补偿值,该值用于刀具长度补偿、刀具半径补偿或刀具偏置。用程序输入刀具补偿值(G10)在Fanuc数控系统中是一个灵活而又强大的功能,特别当它与宏程序有机地结合起来使用时,将更加凸显其功效。在手工编程中很多情况下是解决一些复杂编程时不可替代的用法。…     

圆柱齿轮软齿面与硬齿面加工的发展趋势

一、加工范围 德国普法特公司生产的CNC圆柱齿轮加工机床品种繁多,可最大限度地满足市场需求。可进行软、硬齿面的加工,可加工最大直径6m、模数50mm的圆柱齿轮,以及最大长度为4m、直径500mm的轴齿轮。 二、CNC制齿技术的软件 普法特齿轮加工机床的CNC控制采用最新一代CNC系统(图1略)和自行开发的“电子传动装置”。CNC机床操作简单,容易掌握,主要制齿技术已固化在CNC软件中。加工时,可借助对话程序,将齿轮加工的原始数据输入。然后,通过显示屏,以文本方式显示,并可将重复加工工件的原始数据存储。需要重新调用时,可通过人机对话,在显示屏上进行修正。CNC装置的可靠性控制,有助于避免输入差错。另外,通过对话程序,还可实现自动窜刀,使滚刀得到最佳利用。同时,也可用大容量数据存储器输入。这种控制称为完全直接数控(DNC)。     

机床数控系统检修技巧

本文从解决存储芯片的软件问题、磁泡存储器板换型时如何确保机床正常运行、使用光栅尺、伺服电动机出现“漂零”、接触器和继电器等电磁部件对CNC系统的干扰、晶闸管功率模块击穿烧毁等方面,介绍了机床数控系统检修的技巧。     

实现CNC断电保护功能的一种实用方法

提出一种借助CMOS为数控系统增加记忆功能的方法,实现数控设备实时工况信息的保存。     

工具磨床分段型CNC控制软件的总体设计与后置处理

将分段型ＣＮＣ系统的结构思想应用于六坐标ＣＮＣ工具磨床上，提出从后置处理到伺服系统驱动的六坐标ＣＮＣ工具磨床的分段型ＣＮＣ软件结构，以提高伺服系统的实时性和简化下位插补程序的设计，设计了专用的后置处理，以完成分段型ＣＮＣ控制的关键部分，为使读磁盘数据时的暂停对加工精度影响的较小，用暂停指令Ｇ０４实现加工过程中的准停。     

Mobile and remote operation for M2M application in upcoming u-manufacturing

This study tried to control and monitor computerized numerical controller (CNC) machines anywhere and anytime for machine (mobile) to machine (M2M) application in wired and wireless environment of upcoming ubiquitous manufacturing systems (u-Manufacturing). With a personal digital assistant (PDA) phone, the machine status and machining data of CNC machines can be monitored in wired and wireless environments, including the environments of IMT2000 and Wireless LAN. Moreover, CNC machines can be controlled anywhere and anytime. The concept of the anywhere-anytime controlling and monitoring of a manufacturing system was implemented for u-Manufacturing in this study. In this concept, the communication between the CNC controller and the PDA phone was successfully performed anywhere and anytime for the real-time monitoring and control of CNC machines. In addition, the interface between the CNC controller and the developed application module was implemented by object linking and embedding for process control (OPC) and shared CNC memory. For communication, the design of a server content module within the target CNC was based on a TCP/IP. Furthermore, the client content module within the PDA phone was designed with the aid of embedded c++ programming for mobile communication. For the interface, the monitoring data, such as the machine status, the machine running state, the name of the numerical control (NC) program, the alarm and the position of the stage axes, were acquired in real time from real machines with the aid of the OPC method and by sharing the CNC memory. The control data, such as the start, hold, emergency stop, reserved start and reserved stop, were also applied to the CNC domain of the real machine. CNC machines can therefore be controlled and monitored in real time, anywhere and anytime. Moreover, prompt notification from CNC machines to mobile phones, including cellular phones and PDA phones, can be automatically realized in emergencies.     

基于RT-Linux的开放式数控系统的开发研究

操作系统的选择直接关系到开放式数控系统的开发难度和能否可靠地实现实时控制。文中在分析RT—Linux的特点和实时性基础上，选择RT—Linux和PC104总线计算机作为数控系统的软硬件开发平台，并从满足数控系统实时性要求的条件出发，提出了一种开放式数控系统的软硬件结构和基于共享内存方法的模块间实时通信机制。     

CAM/CNC走刀轨迹的实时重构

走刀轨迹的优化对复杂型面的高速高精度加工起着十分关键的作用。目前大多数CAM/CNC系统采用大量小直线段逼近原始曲线和直线插补的做法,只能获得零阶连续的走刀轨迹,逼近精度低,不能保证高速加工运动的平稳性,因而加工精度、光洁度和加工速度都难以提高;由小直线段构成的NC代码数据量庞大,也增加了数控系统在内存容量和数据传输方面的成本。本文采用3次参数样条曲线和B样条曲线来实时重构CAM生成的走刀轨迹,以少量的数据点便能达到比直线和圆弧插补高得多的加工精度。文中讨论了数据分段、样条拼接及首尾振荡问题,以及程序实现中的面向对象和多线程技术。在实际使用中显著地提高了数控系统的加工速度和加工精度。     

Ubiquitous-based mobile control and monitoring of CNC machines for development of u-machine

This study was an attempt to control and monitor Computerized Numerical Controller (CNC) machines anywhere and anytime for the development of a ubiquitous machine (u-machine). With a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) phone, the machine status and machining data of CNC machines can be monitored in wired and wireless environments, including the environments of IMT2000 and Wireless LAN. Moreover, CNC machines can be controlled anywhere and anytime. The concept of the anywhere-anytime controlling and monitoring of a manufacturing system was implemented in this study for the purpose of u-manufacturing and u-machines. In this concept, the communication between the CNC controller and the PDA phone was successfully performed anywhere and anytime for the real-time monitoring and control of CNC machines. In addition, the interface between the CNC controller and the developed application module was implemented by Object linking and embedding for Process Control (OPC) and shared CNC memory. For communication, the design of a server contents module within the target CNC was based on a TCP/IP. Furthermore, the client contents module within the PDA phone was designed with the aid of embedded c++ programming for mobile communication. For the interface, the monitoring data, such as the machine status, the machine running state, the name of the Numerical Control (NC) program, the alarm and the position of the stage axes, were acquired in real time from real machines with the aid of the OPC method and by sharing the CNC memory. The control data, such as the start, hold, emergency stop, reserved start and reserved stop, were also applied to the CNC domain of the real machine. CNC machines can therefore be controlled and monitored in real time, anywhere and anytime. Moreover, prompt notification from CNC machines to mobile phones, including cellular phones and PDA phones, can be automatically realized in emergencies.     

WEB-BASED VIRTUAL CNC MACHINE MODELING AND OPERATION

A CNC simulation system based on internet for operation training of manufacturing facility and manufacturing process simulation is proposed. Firstly, the system framework and a rapid modeling method of CNC machine tool are studied under the virtual environment based on PolyTrans and CAD software. Then, a new method is proposed to enhance and expand the interactive ability of virtual reality modeling language(VRML) by attaining communication among VRML, JavaApplet, JavaScript and Html so as to realize the virtual operation for CNC machine tool. Moreover, the algorithm of material removed simulation based on VRML Z-map is presented. The advantages of this algorithm include less memory requirement and much higher computation. Lastly, the CNC milling machine is taken as an illustrative example for the prototype development in order to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach.     

利用配方功能实现通用淬火机床数控系统工件管理和编程

在由PLC和HMI组成通用淬火机床数控系统中,由于PLC存储容量限制,难以实现淬火工件管理.文章介绍了Digital公司GP477R的配方功能,并利用其配方功能实现了工件管理和淬火程序编写,使数控系统可以存储70个工件淬火程序.     

Development of an Open Parallel Intelligent CNC Milling System. Part 1. System Structure

An open parallel intelligent CNC milling system is developed both in hardware and software. It is constructed as a hierarchical modular structure. An ontelligent controller module is devdloped based on the OSA bus using a PC, which os connected to the CNC main processor module through a dual-port memory so that parallel control can be realised. All the functional software modules are developed on a hierarchical parallel structure in a real-time multi-task operating system so that parallel processing can be realised.