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The application and characteristics of relatively big volume plasma produced with cathodic glow discharges taking place across a gaseous envelope over the cathode which was dipped into electrolyte in hydrogen generation were studied. A critical investigation of the influence of methanol concentration and voltage across the circuit on the composition and power consumption per cubic meter of cathode liberating gas was carried out. The course of plasma under-liquid electrolysis has the typical characteristics of glow discharge electrolysis. The cathode liberating gas was in substantial excess of the Faraday law value. When the voltage across the circuit was equal to 550 V, the volume of cathodic gas with sodium carbonate solution was equal to 16.97 times the Faraday law value. The study showed that methanol molecules are more active than water molecules. The methanol molecules were decomposed at the plasma-catholyte interface by the radicals coming out the plasma mantle. Energy consumption per cubic meter of cathodic gases (WV) decreased while methanol concentration of the electrolytes increased. When methanol concentration equaled 5% (j), WV was 10.381′103 kJ/m3, less than the corresponding theoretic value of conventional water electrolysis method. The cathodic liberating gas was a mixture of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide with over 95% hydrogen, if methanol concentration was more than 15% (j). The present research work revealed an innovative application of glow discharge and a new highly efficient hydrogen generation method, which depleted less resource and energy than normal electrolysis and is environmentally friendly. 相似文献
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B酸离子液体[HSO_3-bpy]CF_3SO_3催化麻疯油制备生物柴油 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以麻疯油为原料,离子液体[HSO3-bpy]CF3SO3为催化剂通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油。通过正交实验考察了催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等4个因素对反应的影响。同时以[HSO3-bpy]CF3SO3为催化剂兼溶剂,优化了生物柴油的合成条件。结果显示:反应温度为140℃、催化剂用量为油脂质量的5%、醇油摩尔比为15:1、反应5h,单次酯交换制备生物柴油,收率可达到90.4%,在相同的反应条件下,催化剂重复使用6次后其催化活性无明显变化,且产品质量达到美国ASTM生物柴油标准的相关指标。 相似文献
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氢能源被认为是21世纪的清洁二次能源。文章介绍了一种新的制氢技术——接触辉光等离子体电解制氢。接触辉光等离子体电解制氢的基础是辉光等离子体电解。文章分析了辉光等离子体电解的非法拉第特性,阐述了辉光等离子体电解的化学反应机理;对接触辉光等离子体电解制氢技术、矿物燃料制氢技术、常规电解制氢技术进行了比较;分析了发展接触辉光等离子体电解制氢技术存在的问题。 相似文献
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采用酒石酸辅助尿素包合法分离异硬脂酸。由单因素实验优化工艺条件,并采用显微镜和X射线衍射仪对包合物进行分析。结果表明:最佳的工艺条件为酒石酸与尿素摩尔比1∶6、尿素与混合脂肪酸质量比2∶1、甲醇与混合脂肪酸质量比11. 9∶1、包合时间12 h、包合温度10℃,在最佳工艺条件下,异硬脂酸的纯度为72. 1%,得率为87. 4%;酒石酸与尿素摩尔比为1∶6时,固相包合物的外部形态完整,X射线衍射谱图中硬脂酸分子的特征峰强度最高,晶胞体积为1 849. 9?~3,键长为a=39. 9?、b=4. 9?、c=9. 4?,晶格参数与硬脂酸标准卡片值基本相同。通过控制酒石酸的加入量,可调控包合物的外部形貌和晶体结构,使异硬脂酸的纯度和得率发生改变。 相似文献
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以甲醇和水为混合溶剂,KOH、Na2SiO3为电解质,恒电压方式对AZ31镁合金进行等离子体电解氧化(PEO)处理,通过原子吸收分光光度计检测等离子体电解氧化处理后电解液中镁离子含量,研究甲醇对镁合金等离子体电解氧化过程的影响。结果表明,在等离子体电解氧化过程中,甲醇的加入影响镁合金PEO过程放电特性;随着甲醇浓度的增大,镁离子溶出量逐渐减少,耐点滴腐蚀、耐均匀腐蚀性能均有提高;甲醇的加入能有效降低PEO过程能耗,当溶剂中甲醇浓度为12%(体积分数)时,能耗比未加甲醇时降低42.9%。 相似文献
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低温等离子体直接处理液体物料技术的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
综述了常压低温等离子体直接处理液体物料技术在化工环保方面的研究进展。低温等离子体电解时能够分解溶剂、溶质分子,产生常规电解所不会出现的产物和可得到多于常规电解的产量,在现代化工环保中具有广阔的应用前景。结合辐射机理和两反应区域模型,可以较好地解释低温等离子体电解所具有的非法拉第现象。分析了无声放电法、高压脉冲直流放电法和接触辉光放电法低温等离子体直接处理废水技术的特点。常压低温等离子体是独特的杀菌介质,此杀菌技术的研究目前仍然处于起步阶段,探讨了此领域的研究重点。 相似文献