酸化返出液中分离出的原油脱水时电脱水器跳闸原因及对策

海上油井酸化后,油井返排液沉降分离得到含酸原油,后者进入电脱水器后常引起电脱水器跳闸。其原因是含酸原油(油包水型乳状液)的电导率过高,超过了电脱水器的安全工作电导率κw。对于现场所用的电脱水器,由设计参数计算出κw=0.43μS/cm。从某海上油田3口油井酸化后不同时间的返排液共取样40份,随机选出13份,沉降分离后得到13份含酸原油样,测得电导率范围在0.03～10000μS/cm。认为原油的含水率(应<18%)不是引起跳闸的原因,跳闸的主因是含酸原油的高电导率。研制了一种油溶性的碱性添加剂,其化学成份是碱金属、碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物,以浓溶液形式加入含酸原油中,可使电导率降至κw以下。加入量由实验确定。表2参2。     

用Origin 6.0绘制波函数平面图形

Origin6．0作为一个数学软件平台，集数据管理与分析、二维及三维函数和离散数据绘图、程序开发等多功能于一体，广泛用于科学研究和工程计算。本文利用Origin6．0软件的函数绘图功能，绘制氢原子径向波函数、径向密度函数、径向分布函数、氢原子轨道及电子云的角度分布、杂化轨道等二维图形。给出了波函数的软件可读化形式和绘图的实际操作过程。与其它函数绘图方法相比，界面更友好，操作更方便。     

用Origin 6.0绘制波函数立体图形

Origin6．0作为一个数学软件平台，具有数据管理与分析、二维及三维函数和离散数据绘图、程序开发等多种功能，广泛用于工程设计和科学研究。本文利用Origin6．0软件的三维函数绘图功能，绘制势箱波函数、氢原子轨道、及其电子云密度函数的立体图形、等值线图和等密度线图。详细给出了各类绘图函数的程序可读化形式、图形及操作过程。该绘图方法操作界面更友好，适用于一般化学化工过程中的三维解析函数可视化。     

Directed electrochemical synthesis of ZnO/PDMcT core/shell nanorod arrays with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties

In this paper, we demonstrate a simple two-step electrochemical deposition strategy for synthesizing ZnO/Poly(2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole) (PDMcT) core/shell nanorod arrays. The as-synthesized ZnO/PDMcT samples are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, power X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ZnO/PDMcT nanorod arrays are found to exhibit significantly enhanced photocurrent density in photoelectrochemical cell applications as compared to the prinstine ZnO nanorod arrays.     

Rapid Determination of Total Dietary Fiber and Minerals in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coix</Emphasis> Seed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technology Based on Variable Selection Methods

The feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for determining total dietary fiber (TDF) and mineral elements (mainly K, Mg, P, and S) in Coix seed was investigated. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to establish quantitative models. Norris derivative smoothing (NDS) was used as pretreatment method. A comparison of three variable selection methods, namely competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), genetic algorithms (GA), and random frog (RF), showed that CARS obtained the best performances of PLSR models with the effective wavelengths mainly concentrated on around 12,000–11,000 cm^?1 and 6500–3600 cm^?1. For the quantitative determination models of TDF, K, Mg, P, and S, the optimal root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values were 0.0923, 182.7224, 75.4987, 162.6993, and 36.6278; the r values were 0.95, 0.88, 0.80, 0.96, and 0.96; the residual predictive deviation (RPD) values were 2.68, 2.05, 1.70, 3.24, and 3.04, respectively. It is concluded that the NIR spectral technique has a potential to determine TDF, K, Mg, P, and S in Coix seed.     

基于可靠性分析的主轴优化设计

基于Workbench软件对加工中心主轴静刚度进行研究。在静力学分析基础上,以主轴质量为约束条件,对主轴进行了静刚度优化设计;在考虑主轴尺寸、载荷、材料性能以及轴承刚度等参数随机分布的情况下,利用概率统计的思想对优化后的主轴进行了six sigma可靠性分析。结果表明,优化后主轴刚度提升17.5%,满足使用要求;可靠性灵敏度分析表明外载荷、轴承刚度以及主轴外径的随机变化对主轴刚度影响较大;优化后的主轴可靠度达到100%,安全可靠。     

同步连续记录装置在风电场扰动实验中的应用

电力系统同步连续记录装置具有无启动、高采样率连续录波功能，能完整记录电力系统大面积停电、系统振荡、电压崩溃等重要事件的全过程。吉林省电力有限公司开展风力发电机组仿真建模和风力发电机对电网运行影响的研究，选择白城地区洮南风电场进行现场实际短路试验，试验中采用同步连续记录装置，完整地记录下了风力发电机组的短路、正常启机、停机的全过程。     

Modeling of symmetric composite right/left-handed coplanar waveguides with applications to compact bandpass filters

This study proposes an equivalent-circuit model for the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) coplanar waveguide (CPW) comprising the series interdigital capacitor and shunt meandering short-circuited stub inductor in symmetric configuration. The new technique for extracting the equivalent-circuit elements of the CRLH CPW, which include inductances, capacitances, and resistances to represent the left-handed, right-handed, and lossy characteristics, is developed based on the effective medium concept. The applications to the compact resonators and filters are presented to emphasize the unique features of the CRLH CPW. A novel CRLH CPW resonator with a 0/spl deg/ effective electrical length at resonance is proposed, which gives a 49.1% size reduction when compared with the conventional half-wavelength resonator at 5 GHz. Based on the zeroth-order CRLH CPW resonators, an inductively coupled two-pole bandpass filter with 5.4% 3-dB bandwidth and 2.7-dB insertion loss at 5 GHz is implemented, and it is 51.4% more compact than the conventional structure. A good agreement among the results of the full-wave simulation, equivalent-circuit model, published data, and measurement demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed modeling technique. To suppress the higher order harmonic spurious passbands, the electromagnetic-bandgap CPW structures are incorporated into the proposed CRLH CPW filter.     

面向站立姿态的操纵舒适性评价模型研究

良好的操纵舒适性不仅减少工作中的疲劳,而且提高工作效率.针对站立姿态下操纵舒适性评价的不确定性和模糊性,构建基于T-S模糊神经网络 (Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Neural Network, T-S FNN)的站立姿态操纵舒适性评价模型.通过实验,收集模型的训练和测试数据.选取20名被试者参与本次实验,实验要求每个被试者完成100项目操纵任务,共有4个面板位置,每个面板上有25个圆形贴纸,代表不同操纵位置.在实验过程中分别记录被试者的关节角度、脚底压力、人体尺寸、操纵目标位置及主观舒适性数据.选取90%的实验数据对模型进行训练,10%的实验数据对所提出的方法进行验证,并与BP神经网络模型预测的主观舒适性进行比较,结果表明:T-S FNN模型具有较小的均方根误差（1.2 VS 4.5）.最后随机选取15组不同操纵任务进行检验,结果表明:该方法的预测值和实际值相关性系数为0.962（P<0.01）,与快速上肢评估（RULA）计算结果的相关性系数为0.833（P<0.01）,与工作体位分析系统（OWAS）计算结果的相关性系数为0.694（P<0.01）,说明该方法能够良好的反应真实结果.     

Synthesis and self-association of dibenzothiophene derivatives for simulation of hydrogen bonding interaction in asphaltenes

The dibenzothiophene derivatives, namely2-(dibenzothiophene-2-carbonyl)benzoic acid and 2-(dibenzothiophene-2-carbonyl)alkyl benzoate, were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The selfassociation behavior of these dibenzothiophene derivatives in CH2Cl2 and CH3CN was investigated using UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the carboxylic acid exhibited a strong self-association trend in CH2Cl2 solution at a concentration of about 5 910-7M. Hydrogen bonding of carboxyl in the dibenzothiophene derivatives was confirmed to be the main driving force for the formation of the carboxylic acid aggregates.