基于聋人案例的空间隐喻语义认知计算

我们从心理语言学的角度,对空间隐喻进行相似性分类和计算,使用多维量表和聚类方法,以聋人为被试分别进行了两个实验。实验结果表明,聋人为实现空间隐喻理解的计算,使用了地形空间和语法空间的特征信息,同时受手语语言特点的影响,其空间隐喻的认知主题包括手势者自身参照系、参照物的相对坐标系、手势空间的饱和度、以手部或胸部为边界。同时表明由于两种空间的存在,聋人大脑对空间隐喻的理解存在着层次,并且在长期使用手语交流的过程中,其地形空间和语法空间相互作用,影响了聋人大脑空间隐喻的结构和表征,从而导致了独特的高效快速空间隐喻计算。
     

物理化学多媒体课件的利弊及改进措施

随着社会的发展,多媒体教学已经在高校广泛应用起来,计算机已成为教学与科研工作的一个强有力的工具.物理化学以传统的教学方式教学,效果不理想,物理化学多媒体课件在教学中的应用则可以克服以上困难,将抽象的概念蕴含于一些简单明了的动画中,使学生一目了然,同时也促进了学生对物理化学这门课程本身的学习,激发了学生的学习兴趣.本文分析了多媒体教学的优缺点,并指出了相应的改进措施.     

Chemical looping gasification of cotton stalk with bimetallic Cu/Ni/olivine as oxygen carrier

Bimetallic Cu/Ni/olivine oxygen carriers (OCs) were prepared using olivine as support material for chemical looping gasification (CLG). The cyclic redox behaviors and oxygen carrying capacity (R_o) of OCs were evaluated by thermo-gravimetric analysis. The effect of Cu/Ni ratio, gasification temperature, steam to biomass ratio (S/B), oxygen carrier to biomass ratio (OC/B) on CLG of cotton stalk has been studied in a fixed bed. The OCs characterized using BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) to investigate the physicochemical property of OCs during CLG. Result shows that the sintering problem of OC was progressively alleviated with the increasing Cu/Ni ratio. The olivine behaves as suitable OC support with oxygen carrying capacity of 1.07%. The redox reactivity of all of the OCs kept well during multiple redox cycles. The R_o of OCs progressively increased with the Cu/Ni ratio. By comparing the product gas concentration, carbon conversion, H₂ + CO yield and gas yield over the invested OCs, the Cu9/Ni6/O was found to demonstrate better comprehensive CLG performance due to the synergistic effect of Cu and Ni. The maximum gas yield, H₂ + CO yield and carbon conversion with Cu9/Ni6/O can be obtained at the S/B of 0.8 and OC/B of 2. Compared to theoretical value, 65% of lattice oxygen has been supplied by Cu9/Ni6/O during actual CLG process. The OC displayed better reactivity due to basic crystalline phase being preserved well during multiple CLG cycles.     

阿里红多糖对Aβ1‒42诱导的AD大鼠模型海马区及脑皮层ROS/8-OHdG/3-NT/4-HNE含量的影响

[摘要] 目的：观察阿里红多糖（Fomes officinalis Ames polysaccharides,FOPS）对阿尔茨海默病（AD）模型大鼠海马区神经元的形态改变及脑皮层和海马区氧化应激水平的影响。方法：72只健康雄性SD大鼠称体质量并按随机原则分为空白组、模型组、盐酸多奈哌齐组（0.5 mg/kg）、阿里红多糖高、中、低剂量组(100 mg/kg、50 mg/kg、25 mg/kg),每组12只。采用大鼠双侧海马CA1区注射（5μl/侧）Aβ1-42建立AD大鼠模型,给药30d后,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察海马神经元的形态改变,DCFH-DA荧光探针分析处理对各组大鼠海马区和脑皮质层中活性氧簇（ROS）的影响,酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测8羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）、3-硝基酪氨酸（3-NT）、4羟基壬烯醛（4-HNE）的含量。结果：干预30d后,与模型组比较,盐酸多奈哌齐及阿里红多糖组大鼠锥体细胞数目明显增多、形态较完整、海马神经元大多数较正常、排列较规整紧密、着色均匀、核仁清晰,大鼠海马区及脑皮层ROS含量明显降低(P<0.01),8-OHdG、3-NT、4-HNE含量明显降低(P<0.01)。结论：阿里红多糖通过影响Aβ1-42诱导的AD大鼠脑内ROS、8-OHdG、3-NT、4-HNE含量,改善脑内氧化应激状态,起到改善认知障碍和保护神经的作用。     

阿里红多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞中NF-κB信号途径及肿瘤坏死因子-α表达的影响

目的 研究阿里红粗多糖(Fomes Officinals polysaccharide, FOPS)及阿里红多糖组分(FOPS-a)对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的Toll样受体4(toll-like receptor 4, TLR4)、核转录因子-κb p65(nuclear factor-κB p65, NF-κB p65)表达以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白介素-1β(interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白介素-6(interleukin-6, IL-6)释放的影响, 初步探讨阿里红多糖组分的免疫调节机制。方法 采用RT-PCR法检测不同浓度(50、100、200 μg/mL)的FOPS及FOPS-a对IL-1β、TNF-α、p65、TLR4 mRNA表达量的影响; 用Western Blot法检测FOPS及FOPS-a对磷酸化核因子-κB(p-NF-κBp65)和磷酸化核因子抑制蛋白(p-Iκbα)表达水平的影响; 用NF-κB抑制剂BAY11-7082预处理细胞后, ELISA法检测上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6分泌量的影响。结果 与空白对照组相比, 不同浓度的阿里红多糖可以显著提高TLR4、p65、TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA表达量和p-NF-κBp65和p-Iκbα的磷酸化水平(P<0.05); 通过阻断NF-κB途径可以显著抑制FOPS及FOPS-a对TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6促进分泌的作用(P<0.05)。结论 FOPS及FOPS-a发挥免疫调节作用的机制与其激活NF-κB信号途径进而调节TNF-α等因子的基因表达和控制细胞因子释放有关。     

阿里红中多糖的分离纯化及其组分分析

目的对阿里红中的多糖进行分离纯化,并对得到的两种多糖组分进行基础结构分析。方法阿里红经水提醇沉法除蛋白后,再经DEAE纤维素-52、Sepharose CL-6B和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-100柱层析分离纯化得到两种多糖组分FOPS-a和FOPS-b。采用凝胶过滤法分析其纯度和相对分子量,经气相色谱法分析其单糖组成,并对多糖组分进行部分酸水解,高碘酸氧化和Smith降解分析。结果分离纯化得到的阿里红多糖组分FOPS-a、FOPS-b的相对分子质量为199 kDa和87 kDa。单糖组成均为甘露糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖。FOPS-a主链单糖残基为甘露糖,末端残基和分支单糖残基为阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和鼠李糖;FOPS-b主链单糖残基为甘露糖,末端残基和分支单糖残基为阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖。结论该研究可为阿里红多糖的开发与利用提供技术参考。     

干酪素法测定新疆不同产地石榴皮中鞣质的含量

建立采用干酪素法测定石榴皮中鞣质含量的方法。结果表明,鞣质含量在1.02～6.12μg/ml范围内呈线性关系,r=0.9993;方法平均加样回收率为97.4%,RSD=1.21%(n=6)。和田地区的皮山和策勒两县石榴皮鞣质含量略低于喀什地区的疏附、疏勒和叶城地区。此方法准确可靠、重现性好,可以作为石榴皮药材质量控制的方法。     

Preparation of rGO/AgCl QDs and its enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance for the degradation of Tetracycline

A novel rGO/AgCl QDs composites have been obtained by an ultrasonic-assisted method for the first time. Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performances of the obtained samples were studied by the degradation of 20 mg/L Tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation with an applied bias potential of 1.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Degradation of TC by different processes including Photocatalysis (PC), Electrocatalysis (EC), and PEC was compared, and the effect of different bias potential on the PEC degradation of TC was discussed. Results showed that rGO/AgCl QDs composites had displayed superior PEC activity than that of pristine AgCl QDs with degrading 85.2% of TC during 120 minutes, which was about 1.5 times higher than that of AgCl QDs (33%). Besides, compared to PC and EC removal of TC, PEC process showed the highest degradation efficiency of TC (85.2%) by rGO/AgCl QDs, which was about three times and one time higher than that of PC (39.18%) and EC (20.73%) system, respectively. Moreover, the reusibility and stability of the samples were tested by five times cycling tests, and results demonstrated that the stability of bare AgCl QDs was improved after the introduction of rGO. The enhanced PEC activity and stability of the samples could be attributed to the intimate contact between rGO and AgCl QDs and external electric field, which had benefitted the formation of more active sites and accelerated electron-hole separation.     

THUUyMorph:维吾尔语形态切分语料库

THUUyMorph (Tsinghua University Uyghur Morphology Segmentation Corpus)是由清华大学自然语言处理与社会人文计算实验室构建的维吾尔语形态切分语料库。原始语料从2016年的天山网维文版http: //uy.ts.cn/下载,题材内容包含新闻、法律、财经、生活等。语料库构建步骤为: 爬虫、校对原始语料、分句、校对分句、人工和自动形态切分结合、人工标注语音和谐变化现象、人工校对形态切分和语音和谐变化现象。语料库包含10 596个文档、69 200个句子,词语类型为89 923个,分为词级和句子级两类标注,开源网址为http://thuuymorph.thunlp.org/。该研究不仅对维吾尔语语料库的建设具有参考意义,而且为维吾尔语自然语言处理的研究提供了有益的资源。     

论中国手语的分类词谓语

分类词谓语是手语中一种独特的语言现象。中国大陆学者对分类词谓语的研究刚开始涉足,尚未见到系统的研究报道。该文试图从语言学的角度对中国手语分类词谓语做了语义认知分析,首先结合Talmy的动态事件和代形词的分析,解释中国手语的分类词谓语现象,分析主体和背景的代形词如何形成以达到手语同时性和序列性要求,并由此确定主体代形词和背景代形词通常是由非运动的手形组成;另一方面也说明中国手语与汉语的相互影响,对“动作”和“位于”这两类的手语代形词做了较为详细的描述及分类。