PID Control of Planar Nonlinear Uncertain Systems in the Presence of Actuator Saturation

This paper investigates PID control design for a class of planar nonlinear uncertain systems in the presence of actuator saturation. Based on the bounds on the growth rates of the nonlinear uncertain function in the system model, the system is placed in a linear differential inclusion. Each vertex system of the linear differential inclusion is a linear system subject to actuator saturation. By placing the saturated PID control into a convex hull formed by the PID controller and an auxiliary linear feedback law, we establish conditions under which an ellipsoid is contractively invariant and hence is an estimate of the domain of attraction of the equilibrium point of the closed-loop system. The equilibrium point corresponds to the desired set point for the system output. Thus, the location of the equilibrium point and the size of the domain of attraction determine, respectively, the set point that the output can achieve and the range of initial conditions from which this set point can be reached. Based on these conditions, the feasible set points can be determined and the design of the PID control law that stabilizes the nonlinear uncertain system at a feasible set point with a large domain of attraction can then be formulated and solved as a constrained optimization problem with constraints in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Application of the proposed design to a magnetic suspension system illustrates the design process and the performance of the resulting PID control law.      

Enhanced strains of Nb-doped BNKT-4ST piezoelectric ceramics via phase boundary and domain design

A strategy that constructs the morphotropic phase boundary and manipulates the domain structure has been used to design the component of 0.96[Bi_0.5(Na_0.84K_0.16)_0.5Ti_(1-x)Nb_xO₃]-0.04SrTiO₃ (BNKT-4ST-100xNb) to enhance the strain properties for actuator application. Non-equivalent Nb⁵⁺ donor doping modulates the phase transition from the mixture of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to the pseudocubic phase and results in the coexistence of multiple phases. Moreover, the high-resolution TEM confirms the existence of polar nano regions that contribute to the macroscopic relaxor behaviour. The size of the domains is reduced with increasing Nb⁵⁺, resulting in an enhanced relaxor behaviour. The ferroelectric-relaxor transition temperature decreases from 85 to below 30 °C, implying a non-ergodic to ergodic relaxor transition. An improved strain of 0.56% and a giant normalized strain of 1120 pm/V were achieved for BNKT-4ST-1.5Nb, which were attributed to the unique domain structure in which nanodomains are embedded in an undistorted cubic matrix. Ferroelectric, antiferroelectric, and relaxor phases coexist. As the electric field is large enough, a reversible phase transition occurs. Furthermore, good temperature stability was obtained due to the stability of the nanodomains, and no degradation in strains was observed even after 10⁴ cycles, which may originate from the reversible phase transition and dynamic domain wall. The results show that this design strategy offers a reference way to improve the strain behaviour and that BNKT-4ST-100xNb ceramics could be a potential material for high-displacement actuator applications.     

Real-time molecular characterization of air pollutants in a Hong Kong residence: Implication of indoor source emissions and heterogeneous chemistry

Due to the high health risks associated with indoor air pollutants and long-term exposure, indoor air quality has received increasing attention. In this study, we put emphasis on the molecular composition, source emissions, and chemical aging of air pollutants in a residence with designed activities mimicking ordinary Hong Kong homes. More than 150 air pollutants were detected at molecular level, 87 of which were quantified at a time resolution of not less than 1 hour. The indoor-to-outdoor ratios were higher than 1 for most of the primary air pollutants, due to emissions of indoor activities and indoor backgrounds (especially for aldehydes). In contrast, many secondary air pollutants exhibited higher concentrations in outdoor air. Painting ranked first in aldehyde emissions, which also caused great enhancement of aromatics. Incense burning had the highest emissions of particle-phase organics, with vanillic acid and syringic acid as markers. The other noteworthy fingerprints enabled by online measurements included linoleic acid, cholesterol, and oleic acid for cooking, 2,5-dimethylfuran, stigmasterol, iso-/anteiso-alkanes, and fructose isomers for smoking, C₂₈-C₃₄ even n-alkanes for candle burning, and monoterpenes for the use of air freshener, cleaning agents, and camphor oil. We showed clear evidence of chemical aging of cooking emissions, giving a hint of indoor heterogeneous chemistry. This study highlights the value of organic molecules measured at high time resolutions in enhancing our knowledge on indoor air quality.     

实施油气回收的必要性和技术方案的探讨

简要介绍油气回收技术;从环保和增加经济效益的角度,以福建炼化公司的实际情况为例提出了油气回收的方案,并对实行该方案的必要性和经济效益做了分析;希望增强炼化企业对油气回收问题的重视,达到安全生产、改善环境和节约能源的目的。     

中等职业教育师资培训的思考

建设一支数量适当、结构合理、素质优良、专兼结合、相对稳定的职教师资队伍，是全面推进素质教育、进一步深化教学改革、提高职业教育质量和水平的关键。当前重点是加强专业教师的专升本进修工作．省级以上重点学校应同时加强具有研究生学历的教师的培养工作，包括新教师上岗前的培训、教师实践能力和知识更新培训、非师范专业教师的教育理论培训、专业教师和实习指导教师的专业技能培训及各种形式的短期培训等。     

A Novel Body-tied Silicon-On-Insulator(SOI) n-channel Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor with Grounded Body Electrode

A novel body-tied silicon-on-insulator(SOI) n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with grounded body electrode named GBSOI nMOSFET has been developed by wafer bonding and etch-back technology. It has no floating body effect such as kink phenomena on the drain current curves, single-transistor latch and drain current overshoot inherent in a normal SOI device with floating body. We have characterized the interface trap density, kink phenomena on the drain current (I_DS-V_DS) curves, substrate resistance effect on the I_DS-V_DS curves, subthreshold current characteristics and single transistor latch of these transistors. We have confirmed that the GBSOI structure is suitable for high-speed and low-voltage VLSI circuits.     

新型合金代铬刷镀层的组织及强化机理的研究

采用Ｘ射线衍射仪，透射电镜和扫描隧道显微镜等手段对新型代铬镀层（Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｗ－Ｐ－Ｓ）相结构及组织进行了研究，并初步探讨了镀层的强化机理。研究表明，Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｗ－Ｐ－Ｓ合金镀层的组织是由含Ｆｅ、Ｗ、Ｐ、Ｓ的镍基固溶体和在其上弥散分布的金属间化合物Ｎｉ_３Ｆｅ所组成，镍基固溶体处于非晶和微晶的混合状态，合金镀层的镀态硬度为ＨＶ７００～７５０，在３００℃退火时。硬度达到最大值ＨＶ９００～９５０，其强化机理主要是微晶的晶界强化和Ｎｉ_３Ｆｅ的弥散强化。     

电容耦合电阻层析成像传感器结构优化设计研究

针对电容耦合电阻层析成像传感器的优化设计,首先利用有限元仿真软件建立了12电极传感器有限元模型,并分析了后续图像重建所需的传感器灵敏场,之后将该仿真模型与实际传感器相应的测量数据及重建图像进行对比验证,研究表明仿真与实验结果能够较好吻合,为对传感器性能进一步研究提供可靠基础.为了提高系统稳定性及抗干扰能力,以该原始模型...     

基于BA-WPHM的滚动轴承两阶段剩余寿命预测方法

为了提高滚动轴承剩余寿命预测的准确性,根据滚动轴承运行过程的两阶段性特点,提出了一种基于蝙蝠算法(BA)和威布尔比例风险模型(WPHM)的滚动轴承两阶段剩余寿命预测方法。首先,构建基于WPHM的剩余寿命预测模型;其次,提出了两阶段极大似然估计法,建立新的似然函数,并利用BA算法进行求解,以提高参数估计的准确性;最后,建立BA-WPHM模型对滚动轴承进行剩余寿命预测。案例分析表明,相比于Newton-Raphson算法、自组织分层猴群算法(SHMA)和独特的自适应粒子群算法(UAPSO),提出的方法参数估计的准确性更高,剩余寿命的预测精度优于支持向量回归(SVR)方法,验证了所提方法的有效性,为滚动轴承维修决策的可行性提供了依据。     

基于下垂控制模式的独立微电网小干扰稳定分析

从电力系统的运行原理出发,开展独立微电网系统运行稳定性研究对于促进分布式发电技术的发展具有重要意义。针对独立微电网系统运行稳定性问题,以李雅普若夫判据和特征值分析法为基础,对基于下垂控制模式的独立微电网系统的小扰动问题展开分析。首先,构建基于下垂控制模式的独立微电网系统数学建模,并基于线性化理论进行小扰动线性化分析,得到系统小扰动线性化状态矩阵;其次,基于李雅普若夫判据理论,对系统小扰动线性化状态矩阵的特征值进行分析,并逐一改变系统各个参数取值范围得到状态矩阵特征值变化的根轨迹;最后,基于状态矩阵特征值变化根轨迹确定系统各参数初步优化结果,并对比各参数优化前后的系统状态矩阵特征值分布情况,理论分析及实验验证表明初步优化后的系统运行可靠性增强。该研究成果可为微电网控制参数的优化选取提供思路和方法。