Lipidomic Analysis of Plasma from Healthy Men and Women Shows Phospholipid Class and Molecular Species Differences between Sexes

The phospholipid composition of lipoproteins is determined by the specificity of hepatic phospholipid biosynthesis. Plasma phospholipid 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 concentrations are higher in women than in men. We used this sex difference in a lipidomics analysis of the impact of endocrine factors on the phospholipid class and molecular species composition of fasting plasma from young men and women. Diester species predominated in all lipid classes measured. 20/54 Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) species were alkyl ester, 15/48 phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) species were alkyl ester, and 12/48 PtdEtn species were alkenyl ester. There were no significant differences between sexes in the proportions of alkyl PtdCho species. The proportion of alkyl ester PtdEtn species was greater in women than men, while the proportion of alkenyl ester PtdEtn species was greater in men than women. None of the phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) or phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) molecular species contained ether-linked fatty acids. The proportion of PtdCho16:0_22:6, and the proportions of PtdEtn O-16:0_20:4 and PtdEtn O-18:2_20:4 were greater in women than men. There were no sex differences in PtdIns and PtdSer molecular species compositions. These findings show that plasma phospholipids can be modified by sex. Such differences in lipoprotein phospholipid composition could contribute to sexual dimorphism in patterns of health and disease.     

Aluminum based reflective nanolens arrays to improve the effectiveness of ultraviolet inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in water and a sucrose solution

Food Science and Biotechnology - Aluminum based reflective nanolens arrays were developed via a series of aluminum electropolishing and anodization steps with subsequent selective dissolution of...     

Tensile testing and fracture mechanism analysis of polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous webs

A tensile properties testing study was conducted to understand the influence of thickness, cross-head speed (speed of testing), gauge length (GL; specimen test length), and sample shape on important tensile properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber webs. The effects of each testing parameter on load at break, extension at break, Young's modulus, and tensile stress–strain curve of PVA nanofiber webs are analyzed. The Welch two sample t-tests show the significant difference among tested data. Using interaction plots, two-way analysis of variance, and margin mean plots, the interaction effects among testing parameters have been analyzed. Of all the factors, cross-head speed, the interaction among GL, and sample thickness (GL: Thickness) and the interaction among GL, testing speed and sample thickness (GL: Speed: Thickness) have significant influence on the tensile properties of PVA nanofiber webs. Moreover, the hypothesized model of mechanism of tensile strain–stress curve of PVA nanofiber webs has been proposed. Based on the model, the tensile strain–stress curve can be split into three stages: linear elastic, partial break up, and complete breakage. This study will provide a better understanding of tensile testing parameters' effects and their interaction effects on the tensile properties of nanowebs.     

Preparation and characterization of mullite whisker reinforced ceramics made from coal fly ash

Ceramics with mullite whiskers were prepared from coal fly ash and Al₂O₃ raw materials, with AlF₃ used as an additive. The phase structures and microstructures of the ceramics were identified via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results show that pickling of coal fly ash is an effective method for enhancing the flexural strength of ceramics. Sintering temperature and AlF₃ addition were also key factors influencing the creation of ideal ceramics. The ceramic made from pickled coal fly ash, 6?wt% AlF₃, and sintered at 1200?°C, exhibited the highest flexural strength of 59.1?MPa, and had a bulk density of 1.32?g/cm³ and porosity of 26.8%. The results show that ceramic materials made under these conditions are ideal candidates for manufacturing ceramic proppants for the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources.     

SUBSCRIPTION 2018

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Preparation of biaxially textured Ce1-x(Y0.2Zr0.8)xOδ buffer layers on RABiTS NiW tapes by chemical solution deposition

Highly (100)-oriented Ce_1-x(Y_0.2Zr_0.8)_xO_δ (CYZO) films were prepared on biaxially textured NiW substrates by a chemical solution deposition approach using metal inorganic salts as starting materials. It has been found that both the preferential orientation and surface roughness of CYZO films decrease gradually with increasing of the doping percentage of Y³⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ ions. The epitaxial growth relationship of (220)_CYZO//(200)_NiW and [00?l]_CYZO//[001]_NiW was demonstrated by XRD texture measurement as well as atomic resolution STEM observation. XRD, Raman and XPS spectra results indicate that Y³⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ ions were indeed introduced into CeO₂ lattice to substitute Ce⁴⁺ ions and form cubic fluorite CYZO solid solution. Moreover, CeO₂ buffer layer can be endowed a strong enough capability to prevent element diffusion through co-doping of yttrium and zirconium, provided that an optimal doping ratio of them is adopted. This will provide a new approach to fabricating strong-barrier single buffer layer for coated conductor.     

炼油达标污水回用处理试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池、多介质过滤、超滤、反渗透工艺,对炼油达标外排污水进行回用处理中试试验。结果表明,曝气生物滤池对油、COD和浊度去除效果良好,超滤、反渗透膜化学清洗周期达到 2个月以上,脱盐率稳定在98％以上,产水品质达到回用要求。     

炼油厂碱性污水生物催化氧化预处理工艺研究

在对炼油厂碱性污水水质分析的基础上,提出采用生物催化氧化工艺对碱性污水进行预处理。试验结果表明,在水力停留时间为4 h,曝气量(标准状态)为8 m3／h的条件下,碱性污水的硫化物去除率可达90％以上,出水中的硫化物平均值为15．2 mg/L,CODCR、酚和油的去除率分别为47．5％,44．1％,50．8％,其中CODCR体积负荷为3．85 kg／(m3·d),是传统生化处理的10倍, 达到了污水预处理的目的。     

多臂井径成像测井技术

多臂井径成像测井技术同以往的40臂、X—Y井径等非成像工程测井相比具有较为明显的优势，不但可以做定量解释提供最大、最小、平均井径值，而且可以提供更为直观的18条或36务独立的测井曲线、磁井径，磁重量、井温、井壁立体图、井壁成像图、井壁截面图，为检测井下套管的完好性及修复提供了更为可靠直观的资料，满足了地质学家及时监测套管状况的要求，也为油井作业、大修提供全面、准确的套管全貌。文章介绍了18臂、36臂两种井径成像测井技术。并通过对测试资料实例的解释、分析、研究，总结了多臂井径成像测井技术的特点及应用效果。     

葛洲坝二江电厂监控系统升级改造的实施与探讨

葛洲坝二江电厂计算机监控系统投产于1995年,运行时间已久,无论从硬件还是软件方面已不能满足目前的生产要求。升级后的新系统在各个方面均有了很大程度的改进,它的应用使得葛洲坝二江电厂的自动化控制程度有了很大的提高,为厂站“无人值班(少人值守)”的现代化管理以及三峡—葛洲坝梯级电站的联合调度提供了有力的保障。