Bovine ossein powder: effect of particle size on its physicochemical and functional characteristics and its application in emulsion-type sausage

Ossein (OS) powder was prepared from bovine bone, ground and sieved through mesh screens to obtain two different particle sizes of 50 (OS₅₀) and 200 mesh (OS₂₀₀). Regarding OS property determination, average particle diameters of the OS₅₀ and the OS₂₀₀ were 260.08 ± 6.48 μm and 51.79 ± 0.39 μm, respectively. Based on non-reducing electrophoresis, both OS samples consisted of α1- and α2-chain of type I collagen. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the presence of triple helical structure with partial unfolding of which the OS₂₀₀ showed the greater denaturation extent. The OS₂₀₀ also showed higher emulsion activity but lower oil absorption than those of the OS₅₀. The emulsion-type sausages containing OS powders (0.5% w/w) exhibited significantly lower total fluid, water, and fat releases than those of the sausages without OS. The OS₂₀₀-containing sausages exhibited the lowest expressible water and received the highest hedonic scores in texture and overall acceptance from consumer panel.     

Magnetic Hysteresis and Electrical Impedance Spectra of Hard Magnetic SmCo5 and Soft Magnetic Co30Ag70 Composites

在磁场下,采用振动样品磁强计和电阻抗测试仪来研究加入 0%,5% 和 10%(质量分数)的硬磁钐钴的钴银合金在矫顽场不变的情况下,颗粒状复合材料的剩余磁化强度伴随钐钴质量分数的增加而增加。在 10 kHz~100 kHz 区间,各复合材料的电阻抗均未表现大的变化。但是,在 200 kHz~1 MHz 区间,由于趋肤效应,电阻抗迅速增加。当磁场为 3.3 kA/m,所有的阻抗谱都发生了微移。其中,未加钐钴的钴银合金阻抗谱发生了最大的偏移。这些结果确定了在磁场下材料软磁特性与其电阻抗的关系。     

Enhancement of ferroelectric phase and dielectric properties of P(VDF-HFP) by NiCl2⋅6H2O nucleating agent

Abstract

This work focuses on an improvement of dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) or P(VDF-HFP) via mixing with different nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (NiCl₂?6H₂O) contents (0–2?wt%). The nanocomposite films have been prepared by a conventional solution technique. The results reveal that the surface roughness increases with increasing salt content. The NiCl₂?6H₂O salt has no significant effect on the crystallinity of films. Additional incorporation of NiCl₂?6H₂O in the polymer leads to the growing conductivity. However, the considerable enhancement in dielectric constant with the relatively low dielectric loss tangent (0.1–0.3) can be found because of the formation of β-phase nucleation of NiCl₂?6H₂O in the P(VDF-HFP) matrix. The maximum value of calculated β-phase fraction of the nanocomposite is achieved 86% for salt content 0.5?wt%. Moreover, the largest dielectric constant (29.2 at 10?Hz) of the film doped 2?wt% NiCl₂?6H₂O is about 7 times greater than that of the pure P(VDF-HFP). The findings in this research suggest that the NiCl₂?6H₂O/P(VDF-HFP) nanocomposite is a candidate dielectric material for the next generation of energy conversion components.