Effect of wettability on oil recovery and breakthrough time for immiscible gas flooding

The effect of wettability on oil recovery at higher water saturation is still not fully understood, especially in the case of mixed wettability. This study was conducted to examine the effects of wettability on oil recovery and breakthrough time through experiments for two wettability conditions (water-wet and mixed-wet) and three water saturations (20%, 40%, and 60%). Clashach sandstone core with a porosity of 12.8% and a permeability of 75 md was utilized as the porous media. Immiscible gas flooding was performed by injecting nitrogen gas into the core at room temperature and pressure. The results showed 54.3% and 48.8% of the initial oil in place (IOIP) as the ultimate oil recovery at 40% water saturation from mixed-wet core and water-wet core respectively. In contrast, the water-wet core displayed better results (32.6% of the IOIP) in terms of breakthrough time compared to the results of water-wet core (10.6% of the IOIP) at the same water saturation. In conclusion, oil recovery was found highly dependent on water saturation while breakthrough time was mainly affected by the wettability of the cores.     

Microscopic Calculation of Dielectric Loss at Microwave Frequencies for Complex Perovskite Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3

The dielectric loss tangent at microwave frequencies for the complex perovskite Ba(Zn_1/3Ta_2/3)O₃ was calculated with respect to the degree of structural disorder on B sites. Starting out from the equations of ion motion, dielectric loss was expressed in terms of the pair-correlation functions corresponding to the ordering of Zn and Ta ions on B sites. The characteristic length included in the pair-correlation functions corresponds to the average size of the region containing disorder in ion arrangements on B sites; thus the relation between the structural disorder on the B site and the dielectric loss tangent at microwave frequencies was clarified theoretically. The numerical results show that the microwave loss tangent values change their power from – 3 to – 6 with increasing degree of order on the B site, which agrees well with the experimental observations. Results obtained here confirm the physical origin of the microwave loss of complex perovskite Ba(Zn_1/3Ta_2/3)O₃.     

负载纳米Au-Pd合金催化剂对苄胺氧化偶联合成亚胺的研究

采用浸渍还原法制备了Au/γ-Al₂O₃, Pd/γ-Al₂O₃和Au-Pd/γ-Al₂O₃系列纳米催化剂,考察了催化剂对无碱条件下苄胺自身氧化偶联合成亚胺的反应性能。研究结果显示3wt% Au-Pd/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对伯苄胺自身氧化偶联合成亚胺的反应表现出较好的催化活性,在70℃、常压条件下,不加氧化剂和碱时,亚胺收率可达93%。催化剂能够回收利用,使用循环5次后的催化剂,产物亚胺的收率降到44%。     

光催化苯羟基化制苯酚研究进展

苯酚是一种重要的有机化工基础原料,应用广泛。近年来,随着苯酚需求量的增加和生产苯酚的主流工艺——异丙苯法与可持续发展的理念冲突,越来越多的研究者将目光投向苯直接羟基化制苯酚。主要从吸收波长范围在紫外光区和可见光区催化剂的角度介绍光催化苯直接羟基化氧化制苯酚的研究进展,当前光催化苯制苯酚研究中,钒氧化物催化剂和贵金属催化剂活性组分易流失,钒氧化物催化剂寿命短,纳米金催化剂活性衰减快,铁系物催化剂和氧化钛催化体系选择性偏低,这也是今后需要解决的重点。     

Au/ZrO_2催化剂在CO氧化反应中的性能

采用水溶液沉淀和沉积-沉淀法分别制备了ZrO2载体及相应的Au/ZrO2催化剂,通过CO氧化反应考察了载体的制备条件、催化剂的焙烧温度和预处理温度对催化剂活性的影响;通过X射线衍射、氢程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征,分析了影响催化剂活性的原因。实验结果表明,载体的制备条件影响催化剂的活性,加入分散剂和微波处理均能提高催化剂的活性;催化剂的预处理条件影响催化剂的性能,催化剂的最佳焙烧温度为250℃,最佳活化温度为100℃。XPS和H2-TPR测试结果表明,Auδ+(0<δ<3,可能是Au+)是催化剂的活性组分。     

TiO_2光催化降解有机污染物的研究进展

二氧化钛具有优异的光电转换及物化性能,是半导体光催化材料的研究热点,广泛用于有机污染物降解研究。但二氧化钛禁带宽度较大,只能吸收紫外光辐射,太阳光利用率低,且二氧化钛的量子效率低。综述金属掺杂、非金属掺杂、共掺杂、半导体复合-异质结和染料敏化二氧化钛改性方法,拓宽TiO_2的光响应范围,抑制载流子复合,提高光催化活性和能量转换效率,提高有机污染物降解率,实现可见光降解。     

The pursuit of greenness: explaining low-carbon urban transformation in Indonesia

Despite the limited efforts of Indonesian cities and urban areas to overcome high production of greenhouse gas emissions, Balikpapan and Palembang are two cities that have demonstrated intriguing efforts to reduce such emissions. This paper aims to add to the scientific literature regarding the recent progress of low-carbon transformation in developing countries. The paper identifies the drivers of low-carbon planning and development and the extent to which such drivers can influence the success of low-carbon agendas. Four perspectives of analysis are adopted and tested using Balikpapan and Palembang as study cases: (1) public policy, (2) collaboration, (3) infrastructure and (4) knowledge creation and utilization. This study offers critical discussion regarding the adoption of the four perspectives as an integrated analysis to explain the complexity of low-carbon urban transformation.     

Infrared Reflection of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 Ceramics

The dielectric function of the ordered Ba(Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)O₃ ceramics was investigated by the infrared reflectance spectra taken over the 50–4000-cm⁻¹ range. The detailed crystal structure of the specimen was examined by the Rietveld method. The space group of trigonal D _3d³ and the degree of long-range order of 0.97 for Mg and Ta atomic arrangement were confirmed. The reflectance spectra were analyzed on the basis of the four-parameter semiquantum model assuming 16 infrared active vibrational modes allowed for the related D _3d³ structure. The lowest-frequency optical mode was found at 60 cm⁻¹, which can be assumed to involve the motions of the heavy TaO₆ octahedra.     

Computer Simulation of Kinetics of Spinodal Decomposition in the Tetragonal TiO2–SnO2 System

Computer simulation was carried out for the kinetics of spinodal decomposition in the tetragonal TiO₂–SnO₂ system on the basis of a nonlinear diffusion equation. A time evolution of the microstructure and the effect of coherent strain on the separated two phases were investigated by Langer's approximate method and the finite difference method. It was shown that the composition fluctuations develop in the first stage of the spinodal decomposition, and the formation of interface and the grain growth appear in the second stage. The local stress field and the local strain field with the coherence of the lattice were calculated. Subsequently the appearance of the interface dislocations in the (100) and (010) planes was demonstrated to occur in the third stage. Physical interpretation was given to the experimental observations for the tetragonal TiO₂–SnO₂ system on the basis of those calculations.