Organic Semiconducting Luminophores for Near-Infrared Afterglow,Chemiluminescence, and Bioluminescence Imaging

Optical imaging has played a pivotal role in deciphering in vivo bioinformatics but is limited by shallow penetration depth and poor imaging performance owing to interfering tissue autofluorescence induced by concurrent photoexcitation. The emergence of near-infrared (NIR) self-luminescence imaging independent of real-time irradiation has timely addressed these problems. There are two main kinds of self-luminescent agents, namely inorganic and organic luminophores. Inorganic luminophores usually suffer from long-term biotoxicity concerns resulting from potential heavy-metal ions leakage and nonbiodegradability, which hinders their further translational application. In contrast, organic luminophores, especially organic semiconducting luminophores (OSLs) with good biodegradable potential, tunable design, and outstanding optical properties, are preferred in biological applications. This review summarizes the recent progress of OSLs used in NIR afterglow, chemiluminescence, and bioluminescence imaging. Molecular manipulation and nanoengineering approaches of OSLs are discussed, with emphasis on strategies that can extend the emission wavelength from visible to NIR range and amplify luminescence signals. This review concludes with a discussion of current challenges and possible solutions of OSLs in the self-luminescence field.     

Deacetylated Cellulose Acetate/Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes with Highly Efficient Oil/Water Separation and Excellent Mechanical Properties

Nowadays, oil pollution has become more serious, which causes great threats both to the ecological environment and human life. In this study, a novel type of multifunctional deacetylated cellulose acetate/polyurethane (d-M_CA:M_TPU) composite nanofiber membranes for oil/water separation are successfully fabricated by electrospinning, which show super-amphiphilicity in air, super-hydrophilicity in oil, and oleophobicity in water. All the d-M_CA:M_TPU composite nanofiber membranes with different mass ratios can be used as water-removing, oil-removing, and emulsion separation substance only by gravity driving force. The highest separation flux for water and oil reaches up to 37 000 and 74 000 L m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively, and all the separation efficiencies are more than 99%. They have outstanding comprehensive mechanics performance, which can be controlled by simply adjusting the mass ratios. They show excellent antifouling and self-cleaning ability, endowing powerful cyclic stability and reusability. Those results show that d-M_CA:M_TPU composite nanofiber membranes have great application prospects in oil/water separation.     

常减压装置设备腐蚀分析及防护措施

文章介绍了中国石油化工股份有限公司齐鲁石化分公司胜利炼油厂第二常减压蒸馏装置的总体情况,分析总结了装置在2000-2005年期间停工闲置及开工运行过程中设备腐蚀情况和防护中所做的工作,可供相似类型、相似状态的装置借鉴。     

高氧化态（Ⅱ─Ⅳ）三核金属簇合物构型的人工神经网络判别方法

本文运用一典型的人工神经网络模型─“反向传播”模型，对高氧化态（Ⅱ─Ⅳ）三核金属簇合物的构型分布进行了分析，得到了较好的分类、预报结果为化合物结构分析提供了新的工具。     

激光熔覆Ni基SiC合金涂层组织与性能的研究

利用5kWCO2连续波激光器在16Mn钢基材表面对含20%(体积比)SiC陶瓷粉末的镍基自熔性合金粉末进行激光熔覆得到Ni基SiC合金涂层(NiSiC)。研究了合金涂层的组织形貌及相结构,并用单纯的镍基合金涂层(Ni60)进行了显微硬度及滑动磨损性能的对比试验。结果表明,NiSiC合金涂层由γ枝晶及其间的共晶组织组成,主要组成相为γ-Ni,γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体和(Cr,Fe)7C3,Cr23C6及(Cr,Si)3Ni3Si等化合物。添加SiC的镍基合金涂层NiSiC比单纯的镍基合金涂层Ni60具有较高的硬度和耐磨性。     

Kinetic of CO2 absorption and carbamate formation in aqueous solutions of diethanolamine

The absorption rates of CO₂ into aqueous solutions of Diethanolamine (DEA) with varying concentrations from 0.2 to 4M and temperature range from 293 to 323 K were measured by using a laboratory stirred reactor. The CO₂ partial pressure was varied in a range that the reaction would occur in pseudo first order regime. Experimental data were analyzed and the kinetic parameters associated with the reaction were determined. The activation energy for the deprotonation of the intermediate zwitterion was estimated at about 11.4 kcal/mol. The contribution of carbamate formation to the overall absorbed CO₂ was experimentally evaluated and found to be of the order of 100%.     

超声处理对RTM成型复合材料界面性能的影响

在RTM成型过程中采用超声技术。探讨了超声处理的最佳工艺参数,着重研究超声处理对RTM成型复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明,在RTM成型过程中采用超声技术增加了树脂对纤维增强体的浸润性,使树脂中的空气和成型过程中产生的气泡易于排出,从而减少了复合材料的孔隙率,进而改善复合材料的界面性能。     

长颗粒(柱状晶)Si3N4陶瓷的研究及进展

Si3N4陶瓷材料由于具有很好的高温性能及高的力学性能，而被广泛地用于结构陶瓷，如切削刀具等。然而，因为其对缺陷很敏感，故易受灾难性的失效。人们发展了多种Si3N4增韧陶瓷，其中自增韧由于一些优异的性能越来越受到人们的重视。在此文中，着重介绍了影响Si3N4陶瓷长颗粒(柱状晶)晶粒生成的因素，并介绍了国内外对长颗粒Si3N4晶的控制研究。     

大型储罐的罐壁设计

根据十万立方米浮顶油罐罐壁板应力测试的实测结果，运用应力分析程序，对罐壁板应力分布情况进行了分析和比较，通过调整罐壁板的厚度，使新设计储罐的罐壁板应力分布更加均匀、合理。