Lithium-ion battery remaining useful life estimation based on fusion nonlinear degradation AR model and RPF algorithm

The lithium-ion battery cycle life prediction with particle filter (PF) depends on the physical or empirical model. However, in observation equation based on model, the adaptability and accuracy for individual battery under different operating conditions are not fully considered. Therefore, a novel fusion prognostic framework is proposed, in which the data-driven time series prediction model is adopted as observation equation, and combined to PF algorithm for lithium-ion battery cycle life prediction. Firstly, the nonlinear degradation feature of the lithium-ion battery capacity degradation is analyzed, and then, the nonlinear accelerated degradation factor is extracted to improve prediction ability of linear AR model. So an optimized nonlinear degradation autoregressive (ND–AR) time series model for remaining useful life (RUL) estimation of lithium-ion batteries is introduced. Then, the ND–AR model is used to realize multi-step prediction of the battery capacity degradation states. Finally, to improve the uncertainty representation ability of the standard PF algorithm, the regularized particle filter is applied to design a fusion RUL estimation framework of lithium-ion battery. Experimental results with the lithium-ion battery test data from NASA and CALCE (The Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, the University of Maryland) show that the proposed fusion prognostic approach can effectively predict the battery RUL with more accurate forecasting result and uncertainty representation of probability density distribution (pdf).     

基于内点法考虑风电穿透率的区域间可用输电能力研究

根据鼠笼异步风力发电机（SCIM）无功功率对机端电压和有功功率的表达式,修正了原-对偶内点法中的雅可比矩阵和海森矩阵,协调了算法的计算精度与迭代效率。采用连续潮流法计算了不同节点的穿透功率极限,得到SCIM和恒功率因数控制的双馈感应风力发电机（DFIG）不同穿透率下的可用输电能力（ATC）值。仿真结果表明,联络区域节点接入风电场大幅提升送电区与受电区间的ATC,而对于送电区的风电接入情况结论相反;DFIG的功率因数对ATC有较大的影响;通过合理的补偿措施可解决某些并网方式下算法收敛于局部最优解的问题,多节点电压越限为陷入局部最优的主因。     

Phase Formation of the Yttrium Aluminates in the Y<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-SiC System

Phase formation sequence of the yttrium aluminates in the Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiC ternary system as temperature increases were investigated via x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that YAM (monoclinic), YAP (perovskite) and YAG (garnet) were the yttrium aluminates presented in the solid-state reacted samples at a fixed Al₂O₃:SiC ratio of 1:1. Formation of the yttrium aluminates depended on the temperature. The YAM, YAP and YAG started to form below 1150 °C, at 1300 °C, and at 1450 °C, respectively. Accordingly, two behavior phase diagrams of the Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiC ternary system were recognized, one is in the temperature range of 1150-1300 °C and the other is in 1300-1450 °C, respectively. Thereafter, the phase equilibrium was reached in the temperature range of 1450-1700 °C. Effects of SiC on the phase formation processes in the ternary system were discussed.     

基于视觉显著性的可见红外图像融合

多波段图像融合可以有效综合各个波段图像中包含的特征信息。针对可见光-红外图像,本文提出了一种结合红外图像视觉显著性提取的双波段图像融合方法,一方面旨在凸显红外图像的目标信息,同时又能尽可能的保留可见光图像的丰富细节信息。首先,在局部窗口内实现红外图像的显著性图提取,并通过窗口尺寸的变化形成多尺度的显著性图,并对这些显著性图进行最大值的优选叠加,以获取能反映整幅红外图像各个尺寸目标的显著性图;其次,通过结合显著性图与红外图实现显著性图的加权增强;最后,利用增强的红外显著性图进行双波段图像的融合。通过两组对比实验,数据表明该方法给出的融合图像视觉效果好,运算速度快,客观评价值优于对比的7种融合方法。     

脲衍生物对PVC热稳定性影响的递变规律

研究了几种脲衍生物对聚氯乙烯(PVC)热稳定性的影响。脲衍生物均具有类似于硬脂酸锌的热稳定特性,属于初效型主热稳定剂,与硬脂酸钙和环氧大豆油并用存在明显的协同效应;脲衍生物的热稳定性能随羰基上C所连接基团拉电子性的增强而提高。根据热稳定性递变规律可以推测,脲衍生物是通过其羰基上C作为亲电原子与PVC发生亲电反应而发挥热稳定作用的。这就意味着关于热稳定剂作用机理的传统Frye和Horst理论至少不适用于脲衍生物,因此,脲衍生物作为热稳定剂的确切作用机理还需进一步研究。     

复杂截面RC空间框架结构非线性分析

由于异形柱的截面形状与墙身一致,避免了结构柱在建筑平面中的外凸,增加了建筑可用面积,近年来在结构设计中应用日益广泛.文中运用自编的基于纤维模型柔度法非线性分析程序,对3座底层抽柱的异形柱钢筋混凝土空间框架进行了程序分析,并从骨架曲线和滞回曲线两个方面与试验结果进行了比较,表明骨架曲线计算与试验值吻合得很好,验证了基于纤维模型有限单元柔度法非线性分析程序适用于空间框架,而且对于抽柱的不规则结构也适用.     

电迁移致SnAgCu微焊点强度退化及尺寸效应研究

在100℃温度下,对直径为300μm、高度为100,200和300μm的Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu钎料微焊点施加密度为1×104A/cm2的直流电流。通电48h后,利用DMA对电迁移作用后微焊点拉伸强度的变化进行了研究。结果表明,电迁移作用导致微焊点拉伸强度明显退化,且退化程度随微焊点高度的减小而减弱。其中,高度为300μm的微焊点的平均拉伸强度由初始态的44.4MPa降至27.8MPa,下降了37.4%。电迁移还导致微焊点的断裂由延性变为延性与脆性相结合的模式。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the spark plasma sintered TaC/SiC composites: Effects of sintering temperatures

TaC/SiC composites with 20 vol.% SiC addition were densified by spark plasma sintering at 1600–1900 °C for 5 min under 40 MPa. Effects of sintering temperatures on the densification, microstructures and mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The results showed the materials achieved >98% of theoretical density at a temperature as low as 1600 °C. While the TaC grains grew slightly with the sintering temperature increasing, the SiC particles in materials decreased in size. Equiaxed to elongated grain morphology transformation was observed in the SiC phase in the 1900 °C material to obtain a higher flexural strength and fracture toughness of 715 MPa and 6.7 MPa m^1/2, respectively. Lattice enlargement of the TaC phase in the 1900 °C material suggested possible Si diffusion into TaC grains. Ta was also detected in SiC grains by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Glassy pockets present at multi-grain junctions explained the enhanced densification.