基于静止变频装置启动燃气轮机组的建模及仿真

由于中国对清洁能源的大力扶持和可持续发展对环境污染的要求,燃气轮联合发电全面推广应用.根据扬州—仪征燃气轮机的启动方式,采用PSCAD软件搭建静止变频器(SFC)启动电机模型.给出含有转速电流双闭环的控制结构,分析SFC电流型变换器的拓扑结构,提出基于PSCAD的控制算法,初步设计PSCAD和C语言的接口框图,为日后设计软硬件平台的功能化嵌入提供技术支持.仿真结果表明该方法准确度高.     

Proton mediated switching of the coordination states of the tethered N-atom in iron complex featuring a pendent amine functionalized Cp* ligand

Two piano-stool type mono-iron complexes featuring Cp*^N (Cp*^N = η⁵-C₅Me₄(CH₂)₂NMe₂) ligand were synthesized by one-electron oxidation of the corresponding dimer precursors. Furthermore, carbonyl ligand was smoothly replaced by MeCN molecule under illumination. Interestingly, the protonation of the amino group in the side chain led to dissociation of the nitrogen atom from the iron center. Reversibly, deprotonation by a weak base recovered the coordination capacity of the nitrogen atom. These results exhibit the function of the nitrogen atom in the second coordination sphere of some metalloenzymes as a potential proton relay site.     

Rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains and virulent factors by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for rapid detection of the foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains and related virulent factors had been developed and evaluated in this study. Six primers, including outer primers, inner primers, and loop primers, were specially designed for recognizing 8 distinct sequences on 3 target genes, which were tlh, tdh, and trh. The detection limits were found to be 100, 100 fg, and 1 pg DNA/tube for tlh, tdh, and trh, respectively. Application of LAMP assays were performed on 368 foodborne V. parahaemolyticus strains, the sensitivities of LAMP assays for the tlh, tdh, and trh were 100, 95.6, and 96.4%, and the negative predictive values (NPV) were 100, 84.7, and 93.1%, respectively; with a 100% specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for all 3 target genes.     

秸秆中木质素对其超低酸水解过程的影响

以湖北稻草秸秆为研究对象,研究了超低酸水解木质纤维素的适宜条件,测定了适宜条件下的超低酸法水解15种不同种类秸秆的纤维素及半纤维素的转化率、还原糖得率及结晶度的变化。实验结果表明:秸秆投料量3 g、硫酸投料量45 mL(硫酸质量分数0.05%)、搅拌转速500 r/min、反应温度210 ℃、反应时间10 min为适宜的水解条件。对15种不同种类秸秆的水解结果统计得到,随着秸秆中木质素含量的增大,纤维素和半纤维素的转化率都逐渐降低,还原糖得率逐渐降低;通过SEM和X衍射分析水解前后的木质纤维素结构,得到了木质素影响水解过程的方式:1)木质素含量越大,纤维素的结晶度越大,纤维素的非晶化越困难,从而影响了纤维素的水解;2)原木质素不溶于反应体系且在酸性条件下相对稳定,富木质素层的木质素阻碍反应物与产物扩散,使富木质素层内的纤维素、半纤维素水解速率降低;3)木质素含量越高,木质纤维素的富木质素层越厚、强度越大,水解时难以从颗粒表面脱落,进一步降低水解速率。     

新型磁性聚苯乙烯微球的制备及表征

为了制备一种以四氧化三铁磁性纳米粒子为壳、聚苯乙烯为核的新型高分子功能材料,并有望应用于磁稳定流化床反应器,采用悬浮聚合法制备了四氧化三铁纳米粒子包覆聚苯乙烯的磁性微球。运用扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）、热失重（TGA）等测试手段,分析并表征了磁性聚苯乙烯微球的形貌特征、粒径、磁学性能及四氧化三铁包覆量。实验结果表明,所得磁性聚苯乙烯粒子为球状微球,粒径为150~200 μm且分布较窄;磁性聚苯乙烯微球的四氧化三铁包覆量达到7.81%（质量分数）,最高饱和磁化强度为3.97 A·m2/kg。     

Detection of viable but non-culturable Escherichia coli O157:H7 from vegetable samples using quantitative PCR with propidium monoazide and immunological assays

Quantitative differentiation of the live fraction of pathogens in raw food samples is highly critical from a public health risk perspective, as many studies have shown that under stress conditions major foodborne pathogens enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in which bacteria can remain for long periods of time and maintain the potential for virulence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of propidium monoazide (PMA) quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunological methods for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 VBNC populations induced by low temperature on the surface of lettuce and spinach plants. The primer/probe set selected influenced the qPCR signal in mixtures with a defined ratio of viable and non-viable cells. The PMA qPCR used in a background of added dead pathogens and epiphytic bacteria gave a detection limit of 10³ CFU/g leaf and a linear quantitative detection range of 5 log. During quantification of VBNC cells from lettuce and spinach samples there was a good correlation between the PMA qPCR results and viable counts detected by microscopy, showing that PMA qPCR gives an accurate indication of the VBNC population. However, the commercially available immunoassay methods used to detect Shiga-like toxin production and the O157 antibody in vegetable samples with no detectable culturable pathogen underestimated the number of samples contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 VBNC cells. Results indicate that PMA qPCR is a suitable technique for the detection and quantification of VBNC cells of foodborne pathogens in contaminated raw lettuce and spinach.     

27Al and 29Si n.m.r. studies of HZSM-5: Part 2. The effect of coke formation

The formation of coke in zeolite channels during the conversion of methanol to gasoline in HZSM-5 causes changes in the ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si spectra of the zeolite. Displacement of water and oxygen by bulky molecules in the channels increases the electric-field gradient at ²⁷Al, decreases the ²⁹Si relaxation rate, and eventually distorts the channel walls. Cross-polarization ²⁹Si n.m.r. was used to follow the hydrogen content of the coke, whereas water and oxygen contents were related to the amount of coke in the channels and the proportion of methyl groups.     

(Z)-4-氯-2-羟亚胺基乙酰乙酸乙酯的合成

采用4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,对(Z)-4-氯-2-羟亚胺基乙酰乙酸乙酯的合成条件进行了研究,确定了优化条件:反应温度5℃、反应时间4h、亚硝酸乙酯气体与4-氯乙酰乙酯的摩尔比n(ONOC2H5)∶n(ClCH2COCH2CO2C2H5)=1.4∶1。优化条件下产物收率约96%。