Fountain effect pump phenomena for liquid helium transfer: thermodynamic system studies

Special constraints are imposed on liquid helium transfer in space relying on the fountain effect (thermomechanical effect) for the movement of liquid He II below the lambda point. The present Paper considers thermodynamic pump system options and compares performance figures with requirements of different system selections.     

Influence of electron beam liquid phase surface treatments on the corrosion resistance of AZ91D using different additive deposition techniques

Electron beam alloying (EBA) and electron beam cladding (EBC) were applied on AZ91D using Al-based additives. For EBA, additives were pre-deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and cold gas spraying (CGS). In the case of EBC, a wire was used for in situ additive deposition. Polarisation test were carried out to investigate the corrosion behaviour of layers with Mg-rich (EBA) and Al-rich (EBC) layer matrices depending on the element contents of Mg, Al, and Si. In 0.001 M NaCl solution, the corrosion potential is significantly improved compared with the untreated AZ91D and corrosion current densities of the AlSi12 reference material are approached.     

Erosion resistance of CO2 corrosion scales formed on API P110 carbon steel

The erosion resistance of CO₂ corrosion scales formed on carbon steel was investigated in water–sand two-phase flow utilizing weight loss test, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effects of CO₂ partial pressure, stirring speed, test time, and grain size on the erosion resistance of the scales were analysed. Results show that several characteristics of CO₂ corrosion scales are key factors affecting erosion resistance. Cubic polynomials are used to fit the erosion rate data, and effectively evaluate the ability of CO₂ corrosion scales to resist erosion. An erosion mechanism, based on fluid dynamics and CO₂ corrosion scales characteristics, is discussed.     

Effect of iron content on the wear behavior and adhesion strength of TiC–Fe nanocomposite coatings on low carbon steel produced by air plasma spray

In this study, the effect of Fe content on the abrasion behavior of TiC–Fe nanocomposite coatings applied on the CK45 steel substrate by air plasma spray method was investigated. For this purpose, milled TiC powder was prepared at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h milled TiC powder for 4 h was selected as the suitable sample. In the next step, a suitable sample mixture with different iron powder concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% was prepared by mechanical milling. The granulated mixture was applied to the substrate using air plasma spray technique. Microstructural and phase analyzes were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). According to the results of Williamson-Hall calculations, the TiC crystallites' size decreased by 49 nm–29 nm, and network strain reached 0.16% by increasing milling time from 1 h to 4 h. Studies have shown that the coatings contain titanium carbide, iron oxide, and titanium oxide, with the number of phases formed depending on the amount of iron in the chemical composition. Investigation of the tribological properties of the coating layer showed that with increased iron content in the coating, the wear resistance of the samples is reduced. Hardness tests on coatings indicate that adding iron to nanocomposite from 5 to 25% reduces hardness from 1025 to 699 Hv. It can be argued that a slight increase in the adhesion strength of the coating to the substrate is due to increased wettability because of the formation of molten iron in the coating.     

Mechanochemical preparation and thermal stability of γ-Fe2O3 derived from γ-FeOOH

The dehydration process of lepidocrocite, γ-FeOOH, induced by wet grinding procedures has been studied. Microcrystals of maghemite, γ-Fe₂O₃, are found in the product of ball-milling in hexane and cyclohexane media. In contrast, grinding in air leads to hematite α-Fe₂O₃. This change is accompanied by the development of a characteristic texture in which a slit-shaped porous system is present. On the other hand, mechanochemically prepared maghemite increases in its thermal stability. This fact has been attributed to the higher crystallinity of ground microcrystals as revealed by the values of crystallite size and microstrains.     

Ti Coating on Magnesium Alloy by Arc-Added Glow Discharge Plasma Penetrating Technique

MAGNESIUM is the8th most abundant element on theearth.Because of that it has some advantageousproperties such as high ratio of strength/weight with adensity that is only2/3that of aluminum and1/4that ofiron,high ratio of rigidity/mass,special characteristicsof electromagnetic shield and shock absorption,excellent cutting and polishing performances,magnesium alloys have been used widely by widely inmany manufacturing industries including aerospace,automobile,electronics and so on.But there i…     

镁合金表面加弧辉光离子渗镀Ti的腐蚀性能研究

加弧辉光离子渗镀技术将辉光放电与弧光放电有机地结合起来,利用辉光放电空心阴极效应使工件迅速升温,同时在真空容器壁上设置一个或多个金属阴极电弧靶源,利用真空电弧放电而不断地发射出高能量、高电流密度、高离化率的欲渗金属离子流,依靠扩散和离子轰击作用快速渗入工件表面层,在工件表面可以形成渗层、镀层、渗镀结合层.在实验条件下对镁合金AZ91表面渗镀了Ti,采用极化曲线测试和盐雾实验分析了处理后材料的腐蚀行为,用扫描电镜（SEM）分析了Ti镀膜的表面形貌,用电子衍射光谱（EDS）和辉光放电光谱仪（GDS）分析了表面化学成分分布.结果表明渗镀Ti显著提高了AZ91的耐腐蚀性.     

Studies on the promotion of nickel—alumina coprecipitated catalysts: I. Titanium oxide

A series of TiO₂-promoted nickel—alumina catalysts has been prepared and characterized. The promoter was added in various proportions to a calcined coprecipitated nickel—alumina material by adsorption of the acetylacetonate complex of titanium, followed by further calcination and reduction. The structure of the resultant materials was similar to that of the unpromoted coprecipitated nickel—alumina. The chemisorption properties of the catalyst and its behaviour in the CO/H₂ reaction were characteristic of a strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) reported in the literature for Ni/TiO₂. The strong adsorption of both carbon monoxide and hydrogen were suppressed while the activity for carbon monoxide hydrogenation was increased, the activation energy being lowered. The higher activity, however, was relatively unstable under reaction conditions.     

Graphene triggered enhancement in visible-light active photocatalysis as well as in energy storage capacity of (CFO)1-x(GNPs)x nanocomposites

Cobalt ferrite-graphene nanoplatelets ((CFO)_1-x(GNPs)_x) nanocomposites are promising for efficient photocatalysis and high-performance supercapacitors. Multifunctional (CFO)_1-x(GNPs)_x nanocomposites prepared via facile chemical method have been investigated for their physio-chemical characteristics like crystal structure, morphology, chemical composition, optical properties, infrared vibrational modes, photocatalytic and supercapacitor applications. Interestingly, the photocatalytic activity of CFO nanostructures has been improved significantly from 38.3% to 98.7% with the addition of graphene which can be attributed to control over recombination of charge carriers. It is also found that the specific capacitance of the prepared (CFO)_1-x(GNPs)_x nanocomposite electrode at 0.5 Ag^-1 is three times higher than that of only CFO based electrode which could be due to the conducting nature of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The enhanced photocatalytic and improved electrochemical characteristics suggest the effective use of prepared nanocomposites in water purification and supercapacitor nanodevices.