A New Role of M1 Type Dopant for Nd-Rich Nd-Fe-Co-B Nanocrystalline Ribbons

In this work, our attempts focused on Ge effects on magnetic-microstructural relationships in Nd-Fe-Co-B nanocrystalline ribbons. Based on Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and three dimensional atom probe (3DAP) analysis, it was observed that Ge containing alloys have a new behavior that was not observed yet. The increase of Ge content up to 0.36at% caused the increase of B_r and (BH)_max due to increase of Co content of Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase. However, the magnetic properties deteriorated for Ge bearing samples beyond 0.36at% due to the decrease of volume fraction of Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase. The comparison of Ge and Ga (another M1 dopant) effects on coercivity was reported and microstructural studies (using TEM and 3DAP) were shown the Nd-rich phase morphology and its alloying elements distribution in the nanometer sized intergranular phase.     

Rapid preparation of hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres based on UV-curing-assisted molding

Ceramic microspheres have attracted significant attention, while the preparation of hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres with high porosity, good sphericity, and controllable size or shape in a short time remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a highly adaptable methodology for the preparation hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres with high porosity and favorable shape in a short time. The UV-curing assisted molding method combined with the Pickering emulsion method was utilized to prepare hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres. Under the irradiation of a UV-curing lamp (395 nm, 50 W), the Pickering emulsion can be cured within as short as 10 s. The microstructures of the three microspheres with different shapes were characterized by scanning electron microscopes (SEM). The as-prepared microspheres had a high sphericity, the interconnectivity of pores was as high as 54 %, and its porosity was as high as 73.4 % ± 3.0 %, while the density was quite low at ∼ 1.02 g/cm³.     

Self-adaptive and dynamic clustering for online anomaly detection

As recent Internet threats are evolving more rapidly than ever before, one of the major challenges in designing an intrusion detection system is to provide early and accurate detection of emerging threats. In this study, a novel framework is developed for fully unsupervised training and online anomaly detection. The framework is designed so that an initial model is constructed and then it gradually evolves according to the current state of online data without any human intervention. In the framework, a self-organizing map (SOM) that is seamlessly combined with K-means clustering is transformed into an adaptive and dynamic algorithm suitable for real-time processing. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated through experiments using the well-known KDD Cup 1999 data set and further experiments using the honeypot data recently collected from Kyoto University. It is shown that the proposed approach can significantly increase the detection rate while the false alarm rate remains low. In particular, it is capable of detecting new types of attacks at the earliest possible time.     

Analytical and numerical comparisons of biogeography-based optimization and genetic algorithms

We show that biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a generalization of a genetic algorithm with global uniform recombination (GA/GUR). Based on the common features of BBO and GA/GUR, we use a previously-derived BBO Markov model to obtain a GA/GUR Markov model. One BBO characteristic which makes it distinctive from GA/GUR is its migration mechanism, which affects selection pressure (i.e., the probability of retaining certain features in the population from one generation to the next). We compare the BBO and GA/GUR algorithms using results from analytical Markov models and continuous optimization benchmark problems. We show that the unique selection pressure provided by BBO generally results in better optimization results for a set of standard benchmark problems. We also present comparisons between BBO and GA/GUR for combinatorial optimization problems, include the traveling salesman, the graph coloring, and the bin packing problems.     

Novel A-D-A type small molecules with β-alkynylated BODIPY flanks for bulk heterojunction solar cells

A serial of novel A-D-A type small molecules with BODIPY linked through alkynyl with various electron donor units such as fluorene, carbazole, benzodithiophene and phenothiazine, namely F-BDP, C-BDP, B-BDP and P-BDP, respectively, were designed and synthesized. Introducing the alkynyl bridge leads to extending the molecular absorption spectrum to the range of 320–700 nm with high molar extinction coefficients (10⁵ cm⁻¹ M⁻¹) and strong fluorescence quenching. The molecules showed relatively low HOMO ranging from −5.02 to −5.24 eV as estimated from cyclic voltammetry measurements. Interestingly, B-BDP with BDT as donor exhibits more obviously red-shifted absorption in the solid state compared to F-BDP, C-BDP and P-BDP. Furthermore, the solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cell based on B-BDP/PC₇₁BM present superior charge transport property and more favorable nanoscale morphology, resulting in a significant higher J_sc of 11.84 mA cm² and FF than the other counterparts, thus achieved a higher PCE of 4.65%, which is one of the best values among the ever reported BODIPY based organic solar cells.     

Effect of P on glass forming ability,magnetic properties and oxidation behavior of FeSiBP amorphous alloys

The effect of P on the glass forming ability, soft magnetic properties and oxidation behavior of Fe₇₈B₁₃Si_9-xP_x (x = 0–7) amorphous alloys were investigated. It is found that the proper introduction of P, can effectively improve the glass forming ability and stability of supercooled liquid region. Fe₇₈Si₄B₁₃P₅ BMG, which exhibits high saturation flux density of 1.56 T, was readily made into rod sample with a diameter of 1.5 mm under air casting atmosphere. P bearing alloys also exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties containing low coercivity of 1.7–2.7 A/m, and high effective permeability of 8200–12,200. Slight oxidation can further improve the coercivity to a lower value of 1.1 A/m and the higher effective permeability to 11,900 for the alloys with P content no more than 3 at. %. Excessive addition of P may deteriorate the glass forming ability, soft magnetic properties and oxidation behavior. Magnetic domain revealing the magnetization process of the amorphous ribbons were characterized to explain the effect of P on magnetic properties and oxidation behavior.     

Experimental measurement of thermophysical properties of H2O/KCOOH (potassium formate) desiccant

This paper presents the measurement of the thermal conductivity and the dynamic viscosity of H₂O/KCOOH (potassium formate) desiccant with a salt concentration from 60 to 80% in the temperature range 1–80 °C. The thermal conductivity measurement gives evidence of a great sensitivity to salt concentration and lower sensitivity to temperature: H₂O/KCOOH desiccant shows a thermal conductivity from 23 to 33% lower than water at the same temperature. H₂O/KCOOH desiccant exhibits a Newtonian behaviour in all the investigated ranges of temperature and concentration. The relative viscosity shows a great sensitivity to salt concentration and weak or no sensitivity to temperature up to a solution concentration of salt around 70%. For higher solution concentration of salt (75 and 80%) the relative viscosity shows a great sensitivity also to temperature. H₂O/KCOOH desiccant presents a dynamic viscosity from 4 to 30 times higher than water at the same temperature.     

Dependence of GFA and thermal stability of the Cu50Zr50 alloy on temperature-functioned different liquid states

Liquid polyamorphism and transitions between different states have triggered great interest, concerning which the present paper aimed to investigate the correlations of the glass formation ability (GFA) and glassy thermal stability of Cu₅₀Zr₅₀ alloy with its original liquid states. As structurally sensitive, the resistivity (ρ) change pattern of liquid Cu₅₀Zr₅₀ was explored as temperature (T) elevated, hereby two obvious turns of ρ-T slope were observed, and corresponding to the first turn an endothermic peak appeared on DTA curve, which suggest alterations of its liquid structural state. Based on the results, by preparing Cu₅₀Zr₅₀ metallic glasses with different quenching temperature (T_q), experiments were carried out to find out the above mentioned correlations. It is verified by resistivity and DSC methods that there are two crystallization stages for the melt-spun glassy ribbons with T_q below the first turn, while there is only one crystallization stage for cases above the first turn. More significantly, although characteristic parameters of the glassy ribbons change indistinctively with T_q below the first turn, all they change obviously with T_q elevated above the first turn, i.e. T_g, T_x move to higher degree, and T_rg, ΔT_x and γ become larger. The former trend indicates a better thermal stability of glassy Cu₅₀Zr₅₀, and the latter trend signifies an enhanced GFA of the melt. By the copper mould cast method, it is intriguingly proved that GFA of Cu₅₀Zr₅₀ can rise to Ф3, when its melt prepared with temperature above the second turn.     

FeSiBPNbCu alloys with high glass-forming ability and good soft magnetic properties

Effects of Cu addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA), thermal stability, magnetic properties and crystallization process of (Fe_0.76Si_0.09B_0.1P_0.05)_99−xNb₁Cu_x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys were investigated. The introduction of Cu effectively stimulates the precipitation of the α-Fe(Si) without obvious deterioration of the GFA, and successfully modifies the simultaneous precipitation of α-Fe(Si), Fe₂B and Fe₃(B,P) phases in (Fe_0.76Si_0.09B_0.1P_0.05)₉₉Nb₁ alloy into separable precipitation of each phase at different temperatures during annealing, leading to the enhancement of soft magnetic properties. The saturation magnetic flux density of the representative (Fe_0.76Si_0.09B_0.1P_0.05)_98.25Nb₁Cu_0.75 alloy could be enhanced from 1.43 to 1.51 T after annealing at 530 °C for 10 min due to the precipitation of α-Fe(Si) nanoparticles with a diameter of about 22 nm dispersing randomly in the amorphous matrix. The integration of high GFA and excellent soft magnetic properties makes the FeSiBPNbCu alloys promising soft magnetic materials for industrial applications.