超音速电弧喷涂制备铝青铜涂层性能研究

电弧喷涂是重要的热喷涂技术之一,在表面修复和强化方面得到广泛应用.文中采用超音速电弧喷涂技术进行铝青铜涂层制备试验研究.通过涂层性能试验得出结论,超音速电弧喷涂所得涂层较常规电弧喷涂的涂层结合强度高、孔隙率低,能满足大轴承套圈耐磨涂层的使用要求.     

不同氩气气压下钒靶HIPIMS放电特性的演变

目的以V靶为例,研究高功率脉冲磁控溅射(HIPIMS)放电时不同工作气压下靶脉冲电流及等离子体发射光谱的表现形式和演变规律,为HIPIMS技术的进一步广泛应用提供理论依据。方法利用数字示波器采集HIPIMS脉冲放电电流波形,并利用发射光谱仪记录不同放电状态下的光谱谱线,分析不同气压下V靶HIPIMS放电特性的演变规律。同时,利用HIPIMS技术成功制备了V膜,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了V膜的截面形貌。结果不同氩气气压下,随着靶脉冲电压的增加,靶电流峰值、靶电流平台值及靶电流平均值均单调增加,而且增加的速度越来越快,但靶电流峰值的增加速度明显高于平台值,这是由于脉冲峰值电流由气体放电决定所致。不同气压下,Ar0、Ar+、V0和V+四种谱线峰的光谱强度均随靶电压的增加而增加,相同靶电压时,其光谱强度随着气压的增加而增加。当气压为0.9 Pa、靶电压为610 V时,Ar和V的离化率分别为78%和35%。此外,利用HIPIMS技术制备的V膜光滑、致密,无柱状晶生长形貌特征。结论较高的工作气压和靶脉冲电压有利于获得较高的系统粒子离化率,但HIPIMS放电存在不稳定性。合适的工作气压是获得优质膜层的关键。     

Preparation of nanocrystalline palladium on p-Si by electroless deposition and its photo-electrochemical hydrogen evolution property

1. Introduction Because of the fast development of the modern industry in the last century, the reserves of fossil en-ergy resources, such as oil, natural gas, and coal, were reduced rapidly. In addition, the contamination of global environment aggravated because of the industrial growth. To overcome these problems and to find a source of renewable energy, scientists have extensively studied the utilization of hydrogen en-ergy for several decades, which is harmless to the environment [1]. Fuji…     

Advanced lanthanide doped upconversion nanomaterials for lasing emission

Microlasers are narrow-band and coherent light from small cavities, which have been widely applied in biomedicine, optical interconnection, integration devices, etc. Lanthanide doped upconversion materials are potential gain media for microlasers from near infrared (NIR) to visible and UV regimes due to their multi ladder-like metastable energy levels and superior optical frequency conversion capability. The optical feedback from photon scattering of the porous upconversion nanoparticles clusters has been reported to produce upconversion random lasers. The light bouncing back and forth between two reflective surfaces or internal surface has been utilized to achieve modulated upconversion lasing emission. In addition, photon lattices and plasmonic cavities with enhanced electromagnetic fields can amplify the upconversion process within the sub-diffraction volumes and produce highly efficient upconverting lasers. In this review, the recent advances on using lanthanide doped upconversion materials for random, whispering gallery mode (WGM)/Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity and photon lattice/plasmonic cavity modulated upconversion microlasers are overviewed. Current challenges and future directions of the upconverting lasers are also discussed.     

Highly integrated direct methanol fuel cell systems minimizing fuel loss with dynamic concentration control for portable applications

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) systems are mostly composed of massive water recycling devices such as coolers, condensers or mixers even for small and light portable applications. Integrated systems, where system components serve more than one function, can be equipped with fewer components and have a lighter weight than conventional ones. However, the process integration can also bring about significant methanol evaporation in separators, resulting in low fuel efficiency. The here presented highly integrated system can minimize methanol loss with optimized concentration control to improve efficiency. Two system variants are compared with regard to concentration, temperature, water recovery controllability and efficiency. The simulation results are compared with the previously published mingled-outlet system and validated with experiments.     

Enhanced performance of direct peroxide/peroxide fuel cell by using ultrafine Nickel Ferric Ferrocyanide nanoparticles as the cathode catalyst

Direct peroxide-peroxide fuel cell (DPPFC) employing with H₂O₂ both as the fuel and oxidant is an attractive fuel cell due to its no intermediates, easy handling, low toxicity and expense. However, the major gap of DPPFC is the cathode performance as a result of the slow reaction kinetics of H₂O₂ electro-reduction and thus the target issue is to design cathode catalysts with high performance and low cost. Herein, different with using noble metal of state-of-the-art, we have successfully synthesized ultra-fine NiFe ferrocyanide (NiFeHCF) nanoparticles (the mean particles size is 2.5 nm) through a co-precipitation method, which is used as the cathode catalyst towards H₂O₂ reduction in acidic medium. The current density of H₂O₂ reduction on the resultant NiFeHCF electrode after the 1800 s test period at ?0.1, 0 and 0.1 V are 121, 93 and 76 mA cm², respectively. Meanwhile, a single two-compartment DPPFC cell with NiFeHCF nanoparticles as the cathode and Ni/Ni foam as the anode is assembled and displayed a stable OCP of 1.09 V and a peak power density of 36 mW cm^?2 at 20 °C, which is much higher than that of a DPPFC employed with Pd nano-catalyst as cathode.     

Influence of cathode temperature on gas discharge and growth of diamond films in DC-PCVD processing

In this paper, a novel direct current glow discharge plasma chemical vapor deposition (DC-PCVD) process, i.e., hot cathode DC-PCVD, is employed to deposit diamond films on molybdenum substrate. Compared with the conventional DC-PCVD method, the hot cathode DC-PCVD process is distinctive for its hot cathode with the temperature ranging from 700 to 1600 °C. Detailed experiments and analyses showed that the cathode temperature plays a key role in the stabilization of gas discharge and growth of diamond films.     

Hexagonal FeS nanosheets with high-energy (001) facets: Counter electrode materials superior to platinum for dye-sensitized solar cells

The catalytic activity of materials is highly dependent on their composition and surface structure, especially the density of low-coordinated surface atoms. In this work, we have prepared two-dimensional hexagonal FeS with high-energy (001) facets (FeS-HE-001) via a solution-phase chemical method. Nanosheets (NSs) with exposed high-energy planes usually possess better reaction activity, so FeS-HE-001 was used as a counter electrode (CE) material for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). FeS-HE-001 achieved an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.88% (with the PCE of champion cells being 9.10%), which was almost 1.15 times higher than that of the Pt-based DSSCs (7.73%) measured in parallel. Cyclic voltammetry and Tafel polarization measurements revealed the excellent electrocatalytic activities of FeS-HE-001 towards the I ₃ ^– /I^– redox reaction. This can be attributed to the promotion of photoelectron transfer, which was measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning Kelvin probe, and the strong I ₃ ^– adsorption and reduction activities, which were investigated using first-principles calculations. The presence of high-energy (001) facets in the NSs was an important factor for improving the catalytic reduction of I ₃ ^– . We believe that our method is a promising way for the design and synthesis of advanced CE materials for energy harvesting.

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Sorption behaviour of black single layer on metallic substrate in the wavelength range 0.5–10.0 μm

Black thin films deposited on metallic substrates are selective in nature and are promising for photothermal conversion of solar energy. In this paper, we have discussed the methods of deposition of three such coatings (i) magnesium sulphide, (ii) zinc oxide and (iii) Ni black on A1 substrates. From the experimentally observed spectra, the figures-of-merit, i.e. a/e ratios, are calculated and found to be 6.4, 5.0 and 10.0, respectively.