Effect of Zr addition on the interfacial reaction of the SiC joint brazed by Inconel 625 powder filler

Ni-based alloys are believed to be the most suitable brazing fillers for SiC ceramic application in a nuclear environment. However, graphite, which severely deteriorates the mechanical property of the joint, is inevitable when Ni reacts with SiC. In this paper, Different amounts of Zr powders are mixed with Inconel 625 powders to braze SiC at 1400 °C. When Zr addition reaches 40 wt%, the brazed seam confirms the absence of graphite. This research proves that Zr can avoid the graphite’s formation by suppressing Ni’s activity. The room-temperature shear strength of the joint with graphite’s absence is tested to be 81.97 MPa, which is almost three times higher than that of the joint with graphite. The interfacial reaction process and mechanism of the SiC joint are investigated and explained in this paper using thermodynamic calculations.     

Growth,mechanical properties,and tribological performance of TiAlN/NbN and NbN/TiAlN bilayer coatings

Three different coatings, namely TiAlN, TiAlN (external)/NbN (internal) and NbN (external)/TiAlN (internal), were deposited on cemented carbides by arc ion plating. The comparative investigation conducted in this study elucidates the effect of the NbN layer and coating systems on the growth, mechanical properties, and tribological performance of the coatings. The results showed that the surface of the TiAlN and TiAlN/NbN coatings was smoother when TiAlN served as the external layer. The NbN/TiAlN coating, wherein NbN formed the external layer, had a much rougher but more symmetrical surface. With the introduction of the NbN layer, the increased micro stress induced a lower adhesion strength in the TiAlN/NbN and NbN/TiAlN coatings. The TiAlN/NbN and NbN/TiAlN coatings exhibited higher hardness and hardness/effective elastic modulus (H/E*). During the friction test, when the temperature was elevated to 700 °C, the tribological performance of the monolayer TiAlN coating was the lowest because of the TiO₂-induced breakage of the dense tribo-oxide film. The NbN layer participated in the formation of a NbO_x film at elevated temperatures, which was responsible for the high tribological performance of the two bilayer coatings. When the NbN layer was on the outermost layer and in direct contact with the elevated temperature atmosphere, the NbN/TiAlN coating generated a tribo-oxide film with high integrity, and its coefficient of friction decreased by 27% of that at room temperature. Therefore, the NbN/TiAlN coating exhibited the highest wear resistance at 700 °C.     

Contact temperatures and their influence on wear during pin-on-disk tribotesting

It is important to take contact temperatures into account when developing friction and wear tests for potential tribomaterials and when analyzing the results of those tests. This paper presents some of the most useful analytical and numerical methods that can be used to predict surface temperature rises in dry or boundary lubricated pin-on-disk tribotests. The objective is the development of relatively simple, accurate, and easy-to-use expressions that can be used to predict contact temperatures in pin-on-disk sliding contacts. Results of the methods are compared for several different cases, and experimental verification of the predictions are also presented. The resulting expressions are applied to investigate wear of a ceramic (zirconia), metal (stainless steel) and polymer (polyethylene) in pin-on-disk tests.     

流体静压型机械密封轴向振动特性分析

摘要：根据机械动力学原理,建立静环轴向振动方程和端面液膜压力微分方程,并求出液膜压力的解析表达式和静环轴向位移表达式。在假设不受系统外力干扰的条件下,分析静环端面结构参数（转折半径和端面锥角）在轴向微小扰动的情况下对液膜刚度、液膜阻尼和静环轴向振动特性的影响。结果表明：随着转折半径的增大,液膜刚度变小,液膜阻尼增大,振动阻尼从弱阻尼向过阻尼状态转变;随着端面锥角的增大,液膜刚度减小,液膜阻尼减小,振动阻尼从过阻尼向弱阻尼状态转变。     

Smart experience-oriented customer requirement analysis for smart product service system: A novel hesitant fuzzy linguistic cloud DEMATEL method

Smart product service system (PSS) has become an essential strategy to transform towards digital servitization for manufacturing companies. By leveraging smart capabilities, smart PSS aims to create superior user experience in a smart context. To develop a successful smart PSS, customer requirement management from smart experience perspective is necessary. However, it is a challenging task to identify and evaluate diverse, implicit and interrelated smart experience-oriented customer requirement (SEO-CR) in smart PSS context. Hence, this paper proposes an effective methodology to elicit and analyze SEO-CRs. At first, a generic, two-dimensional SEO-CR system is presented as a basis to derive the tailored SEO-CRs for various smart PSS applications. Second, a novel HFLC-DEMATEL (hesitant fuzzy linguistic cloud-based Decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory) method is proposed to accurately evaluate the priority and complicated interaction of SEO-CRs, considering the hesitancy, fuzziness and randomness under uncertain decision environment. Some new operations (e.g., cloud total-relation matrix and weight determination method) and a cloud influence relation map are developed to fully take advantage of cloud model in DEMATEL implementation. Finally, a real case of smart vehicle service system (SVSS) is presented. The 18 SEO-CRs of the SVSS are derived based on the generalized SEO-CRs. By using HFLC-DEMATEL, some important SEO-CRs in context of SVSS are identified, such as autonomous and convenience. The finding of results can help designers make proper decisions in design and development of SVSS with a superior smart experience. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method are validated by conducting some comparative analyses.     

Modularized design-oriented systematic inventive thinking approach supporting collaborative service innovations

The rapid evolution of new service systems raises crucial challenges for service design and requires effective methods. This study depicts a conceptual service design framework, called design-oriented systematic inventive thinking (DSIT) approach, which can be applied in different problem contexts. DSIT is presented as a new systematic and collaborative intelligence approach for creating and evaluating complex service systems using multi-criteria data analytics. DSIT synthesizes the current field of TRIZ service-design knowledge system and the emerging area of non-TRIZ service-design knowledge system. DSIT enables integrated development of service offerings at four dimensions and provides the matching integrated service design approach for each dimension. Four types of service design approaches are conceptualized as “human-independent service engineering,” “problem-clarified service engineering,” “solution-converged service engineering,” and “designing for service.” A new service computer-aided design system (service CAD) named DSIT explorer is developed consisting of customization, compatibility, and extensiveness of DSIT modules. A pervasive and smart collaborative service system (i.e., the smart MOS burger service solution) designed using DSIT explorer is illustrated. DSIT is a holistic, interdisciplinary, and collaborative service design concept, which is incorporated into a collaborative and intelligent service CAD framework to enable systematic inventive thinking throughout phases of service design lifecycle from problem definition, problem resolution, to solution evaluation.     

A fracture analysis of cathodic delamination at polyurea/steel interfaces

A fracture mechanics approach to accelerated life testing of cathodic delamination between steel and polyurea is presented. This required the hyperelastic behavior of the polyurea to be described by the Marlow model based on uniaxial tension and plane strain compression tests. Time-dependence was also considered but could be neglected if proper test protocols were followed in cathodic delamination tests using a strip blister specimen. The variation of J-integral with specimen geometry and loading parameter was obtained, which allowed the resistance to cathodic delamination to be expressed in terms the J-integral and the crack speeds obtained from the tests at several temperatures. The approach established that both temperature and stress can be used to accelerate the cathodic delamination, thereby providing a quantitative and rational basis for conducting accelerated testing. In addition, the discriminating nature of the approach for design purposes was exemplified by quantitatively establishing differences in the delamination resistance of three surface treatments.     

Thermoelectric performance of polycrystalline Sn1-xCuxSe (x = 0–0.03) prepared by high pressure method

P-type Sn_1-xCu_xSe (x = 0–0.03) polycrystal was prepared through melting synthesis and high pressure (6.0 GPa) sintering (HPS) method. The composition and microstructure of the samples was analyzed, and the thermoelectric transport properties were investigated in the temperature range of 303 K–823 K. The results indicate that the electrical conductivity increases as Cu content increases. An observable improvement is found for the Seebeck coefficient when x is 0.01. In addition, the total thermal conductivities (κ_tot) of all samples decrease with rising temperature, and reach its minimum values at 773 K. As a result, the maximum power factor (PF) and ZT_max value are 378 μW m⁻¹ K⁻² and 0.79 for Sn_0.97Cu_0.03Se at 823 K, respectively.     

Self-lubricating mechanisms via the in situ formed tribo-film of sintered ceramics with hBN addition in a high humidity environment

Sliding wear tests against monolithic Si₃N₄ and austenitic stainless steel, respectively, were performed on Si₃N₄ ceramic with the addition of hBN solid lubricants. The friction coefficients and wear rates were measured. The wear surface features were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and the chemical characterization of worn surface was made by Energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that the friction coefficient and the wear rate decreased with the increase of hBN up to 20 vol% at high relative humidity (RH95%). When Si₃N₄-hBN ceramic composites sliding against stainless steel, with further increases in hBN content, the wear rate increased rapidly. The mechanism responsible were determined to be an in-situ formed tribo-chemical film composed of B-O and Si-O compounds between the pin-disc sliding couple. SEM observations showed that a black surface film is formed on the wear surface depending on the hBN content. The surface film associated with small friction coefficient of 0.03 and low wear rate with the magnitude of 10^− 6 mm³/Nm was formed by the releasing and smearing of the tribo-chemical reaction products of hBN and moisture on the wear surface when with 20 vol%hBN content. This tribo-chemical film acted as solid lubricant film between the sliding couple, and thus the couple entered to a state of boundary lubrication. Hence, the friction coefficient and the wear rate were significantly reduced. For Si₃N₄-hBN/stainless steel sliding pair, even at high relative humidity, no tribo-chemical film was observed on samples with 30 vol%hBN content, just because of a large degradation of mechanical properties of the composite with higher hBN content. At low relative humidity (RH25%), the wear mechanism for Si₃N₄-hBN sliding couple was mainly dominated by mechanical wear (abrasive or adhesive wear) due to the absence of tribo-chemical film on the wear surfaces, and higher friction coefficient and wear rate were obtained.     

A numerical study of fatigue life in non-Newtonian thermal EHL rolling–sliding contacts with spinning

This paper presents a study on fatigue life in non-Newtonian thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) point contacts with spinning. A numerical procedure is developed and extended to rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life. The results show that the effect of entraining velocity on the RCF life is closely related to ellipticity. The RCF life first decreases steeply and then gradually with increase in slide–roll ratio. However, the RCF life may increase slightly at a large slide–roll ratio. Spinning is beneficial for reduction of longitudinal friction coefficient; however, even for smooth surface contact, the RCF life can be slightly reduced by spinning.